Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

International Focus on the G20

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
G20 Since the Global Crisis

Abstract

The chapter examines how the G20 reflects the new international context since the GFC. It shows the forum achieved substantial cooperation as a crisis committee during 2008–2009, and then transformed into a steering committee for the international economy. This political significance reflected the importance of its membership for the international economy. It enabled US President George W. Bush to frame the international GFC agenda, despite claims that the US influence was declining. Bush initiated the G20 role as the main forum for multilateral economic cooperation, inviting G20 leaders to attend a summit meeting on the crisis in Washington, DC, in November 2008. The G20 gained political momentum as the preferred focus for members’ cooperation during the GFC, marginalizing alternatives such as the UN, while integrating the IMF and others within its own policy agenda as a global governance hub. The G20 reflects the growth of selective, informal inter-regional cooperation in recent years. The forum’s engagement with non-member states, IOs, and civil society groups augmented its capacities as a hub of global governance networks.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    My own interviews with officials involved in the G20 show a common emphasis on pragmatic, achievable policy goals. The important point was “getting results”. Some G20 policy actors would like further institutional change in global economic governance to increase the representation of non-G7 states, while still emphasizing benefits of the G20 for achieving specific policy goals.

  2. 2.

    Interview with the author, July 2015.

  3. 3.

    Interview with the author, June 2015. This continued cooperation was confirmed by personal communication with officials from both states.

  4. 4.

    Interview with the author, June 2015.

  5. 5.

    Interview with the author, December 2014.

Bibliography

  • Acharya, A. (2004). How ideas spread: Whose norms matter? Norm localization and institutional change in Asian regionalism. International Organization, 58(2), 239–275.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Adler, E. (2008). The spread of security communities: Communities of practice, self-restraint, and NATO’s post-cold war transformation. European Journal of International Relations, 14(2), 195–230.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Alexandroff, A., & Kirton, J. (2010). The “Great Recession” and the emergence of the G-20 Leaders’ summit. In A. S. Alexandroff & A. F. Cooper (Eds.), Challenges for global governance: Rising states, rising institutions. Baltimore, MD/Waterloo, ON: Brookings Institution Press and Centre for International Governance Innovation.

    Google Scholar 

  • Austen, I. (2010). Police in Toronto criticized for treatment of protesters, many peaceful. New York Times, June 27, from: http://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/28/world/americas/28security.html. Accessed September 19, 2015.

  • Bache, I. (2004). Europeanization and multilevel governance: Cohesion policy in the European Union and Britain. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bamsey, H., & Rowley, K. (2015). Australia and climate change negotiations: At the table, or on the menu? Lowy Institute for International Policy. March, from: http://www.lowyinstitute.org/files/australia-and-climate-change-negotiations_1.pdf

  • Beattie, A. (2011). Cannes conundrums. Financial Times, November 1, from: http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/be1fd4ea-03bd-11e1-bbc5-00144feabdc0.html. Accessed September 19, 2015.

  • Bergsten, C. F. (2012). Why the Euro will survive: Completing the continent’s half-built house. Foreign Affairs, September/October.

    Google Scholar 

  • Borger, J., & Wintour, P. (2013). Russia calls on Syria to hand over chemical weapons. Guardian, September 9, from: http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/sep/09/russia-syria-hand-over-chemical-weapons. Accessed September 19, 2015.

  • Bracht, C., & Kulik, J. (2014). Sticking to the core, ignoring the current: The 2014 Brisbane G20 summit. G20 Information Centre. Toronto: University of Toronto, from: http://www.g20.utoronto.ca/analysis/141116-kulik-bracht.html. Accessed September 19, 2015.

  • Bradford, C., & Linn, J. (2009). Welcome to the new era of G-20 global leadership. The G-20 summit: Recovering from the crisis, 16–18. Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution, Global Economy and Development Program.

    Google Scholar 

  • Broome, A., & Seabrooke, L. (2015). Shaping policy curves: Cognitive authority in transnational capacity building. Public Administration (Early View Version)

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, G. (2010). Beyond the crash: Overcoming the first crisis of globalization. New York: Free Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Callaghan, M. (2013). The St Petersburg G20 blues. The Interpreter. September 9, from: http://www.lowyinterpreter.org/post/2013/09/09/The-St-Petersburg-G20-blues.aspx. Accessed September 19, 2015.

  • Callaghan, M. (2014a). Australia should set terms for G20 climate change talks. The Interpreter. March 11, from: http://www.lowyinterpreter.org/post/2014/03/11/Australia-G20-climate-change-talks1.aspx. Accessed September 19, 2015.

  • Callaghan, M. (2015). G20 growth targets: Help or hubris? Global Summitry, 1–14 (Advance Access Version).

    Google Scholar 

  • Cameron, D. (2011). Governance for growth: Building consensus for the future. London: Prime Minister’s Office.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cammack, P. (2012). The G20, the crisis, and the rise of global development liberalism. Third World Quarterly, 33(1), 1–16.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Campbell, A. (2011). Rarely can the summit smiles, backslaps and trumpeteering have seemed so incongruous. Alastair’s Blog, November 3, from: http://www.alastaircampbell.org/blog/2011/11/03/rarely-can-the-summit-smiles-and-backslaps-have-seemed-so-incongruous/. Accessed September 19, 2015.

  • Cervo, A. (2010). Brazil’s rise on the international scene: Brazil and the world. Revista Brasileira de Política Internacional, 53, 7–32.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Checkel, J. (2005). International institutions and socialization in Europe: Introduction and framework. International Organization, 59(4), 801–826.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chin, G., & Dobson, H. (2015). China as G20 host in 2016: Dawn of Asian global leadership? Global Policy, March 3, from: http://www.globalpolicyjournal.com/blog/03/03/2015/china-g20-host-2016-dawn-asian-global-leadership. Accessed September 19, 2015.

  • Chowdhury, I. (2010). The Global Governance Group (“3G”) and Singaporean leadership: Can small be significant? Singapore: National University of Singapore. ISAS working paper, no. 108, 19 May.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chrisafis, A., Black, I., & Traynor, I. (2009). G20 walkout threat from Nicolas Sarkozy. Guardian, April 1, from: http://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/apr/01/g20-sarkozy-walkout-threat. Accessed September 19, 2015.

  • Cooper, A. (2008). Executive but expansive: The L20 as a project of “new” multilateralism and “new” regionalism. In A. Cooper, C. Hughes, & P. de Lombaerde (Eds.), Regionalisation and global governance. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cooper, A. (2010). The G20 as an improvised crisis committee and/or a contested “steering committee” for the world. International Affairs, 86(3), 741–757.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cooper, A. (2011). The G20 and its regional critics: The search for inclusion. Global Policy, 2(2), 203–209.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cooper, A. (2012). The group of twenty: Input and output legitimacy, reforms, and agenda. ADBI working paper series, no. 372, August. Tokyo: Asian Development Bank Institute.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cooper, A. (2014). The G20 and contested global governance: BRICS, middle powers and small states. Caribbean Journal of International Relations and Diplomacy, 2(3), 87–109.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cooper, A., Hughes, C., & de Lombaerde, P. (Eds.). (2008a). Regionalisation and global governance. Abingdon: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cooper, A., Hughes, C., & de Lombaerde, P. (2008b). Introduction. In A. Cooper, C. Hughes, & P. de Lombaerde (Eds.), Regionalisation and global governance. Abingdon: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cooper, A., & Pouliot, V. (2015). How much is global governance changing? The G20 as international practice. Cooperation and Conflict, 50(3), 334–350.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cooper, A., & Thakur, R. (2013). The group of twenty (G20). New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • De Grauwe, P. (2011). A less punishing, more forgiving approach to the debt crisis in the Eurozone. Centre for European Policy Studies, CEPS policy brief no. 230, 1–4, January.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dempsey, A., & Gillis, W. (2010). Behind the lines of demonstrators at the G20 summit. Toronto Star, June 26, from: http://www.thestar.com/news/gta/g20/2010/06/26/behind_the_lines_of_demonstrators_at_the_g20_summit.html. Accessed September 19, 2015.

  • Der Spiegel. (2010). Norway takes aim at G-20: “One of the greatest setbacks since world war II”. Spiegel Online. June 22, from: http://www.spiegel.de/international/europe/norway-takes-aim-at-g-20-one-of-the-greatest-setbacks-since-world-war-ii-a-702104.html. Accessed September 19, 2015.

  • Drezner, D. (2014). The system worked: How the world stopped another great depression. New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eccleston, R., Kellow, A., & Carroll, P. (2015). G20 endorsement in post crisis global governance: More than a toothless talking shop? British Journal of Politics and International Relations, 17, 298–317.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eichengreen, B. (2010). International financial regulation after the crisis (pp. 107–114). Fall: Daedalus.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fearon, J. (1994). Domestic political audiences and the escalation of international disputes. American Political Science Review, 88(3), 577–592.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Featherstone, K. (2011). The Greek sovereign debt crisis and EMU: A failing state in a skewed regime. Journal of Common Market Studies, 49(2), 193–217.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ferdinand, P., & Wang, J. (2013). China and the IMF: From mimicry towards pragmatic international institutional pluralism. International Affairs, 89(4), 895–910.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Finnemore, M., & Sikkink, K. (1998). International norm dynamics and political change. International Organization, 52(4), 887–917.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • G20. (2008). Declaration: Summit on financial markets and the world economy. G20 Leader forum. Washington, DC: G20. November 15, from: g20.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Washington_Declaration_0.pdf. Accessed September 19, 2015.

    Google Scholar 

  • G20. (2009a). London summit – Leaders’ statement 2 April 2009. G20 Leader Forum, April 2, from: g20.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/London_Declaration_0.pdf. Accessed September 19, 2015.

    Google Scholar 

  • G20. (2009b). Leaders’ statement the Pittsburgh summit. G20 Leader Forum, September 24–25, from: g20.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Pittsburgh_Declaration_0.pdf. Accessed September 19, 2015.

    Google Scholar 

  • G20. (2010a). The G-20 Toronto summit declaration. G20 Leader Forum, June 26–27, from: g20.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Toronto_Declaration_eng.pdf. Accessed September 19, 2015.

    Google Scholar 

  • G20. (2010b). The Seoul summit document. G20 Leader Forum, November 11–12, from: g20.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Seoul_Summit_Document.pdf. Accessed September 19, 2015.

    Google Scholar 

  • G20. (2011). Cannes summit final declaration. G20 Leader Forum. November 3–4, from: g20.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Declaration-eng-Cannes.pdf. Accessed September 19, 2015.

    Google Scholar 

  • G20. (2012). G20 leaders declaration. G20 Leader Forum, Los Cabos Summit. June 18–19, from: g20.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/G20_Leaders_Declaration_Final_Los-Cabos.pdf. Accessed September 19, 2015.

    Google Scholar 

  • G20. (2014a). G20 labour and employment ministerial declaration. G20 Finance Forum, September 10–11, from: g20.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/2014%20LEMM%20Declaration.pdf. Accessed September 19, 2015.

    Google Scholar 

  • G20. (2014b). G20 Leaders’ Communiqué. G20 Leader Forum. November 15–16, from: g20.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/brisbane_g20_leaders_summit.communique1.pdf. Accessed September 19, 2015.

    Google Scholar 

  • G20 Research Group. (2015). G20 summit compliance data set: 2008 to 2013. University of Toronto G20 Research Group. January 21, from: http://www.g20.utoronto.ca/compliance/dataset.html. Accessed September 15, 2015.

  • Gheciu, A. (2005). Security institutions as agents of socialization? NATO and the “New Europe”. International Organization, 59(4), 973–1012.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goodliffe, G., & Sberro, S. (2012). The G20 after Los Cabos: Illusions of global economic governance. The International Spectator, 47(4), 1–16. December.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grugel, J., Riggirozzi, P., & Thirkell-White, B. (2008). Beyond the Washington consensus? Asia and Latin America in search of more autonomous development. International Affairs, 84(3), 499–517.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harris Rimmer, S. (2015). A critique of Australia’s G20 presidency and the Brisbane summit 2014. Global Summitry (Advance Access Version), 1–23.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hartcher, P. (2014). Climate change to be discussed at G20 summit. Sydney Morning Herald. October 31, from: http://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/climate-change-to-be-discussed-at-g20-summit-20141030-11eis9.html. Accessed September 19, 2015.

  • Hirst, P., & Thompson, G. (1999). Globalization in question (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Polity Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hodson, D. (2012). Why it’s looking like game over for the G20. Europe’s World Website. February 1, from: http://europesworld.org/2012/02/01/why-its-looking-like-game-over-for-the-g20/#.Vf98Ad9Viko. Accessed September 19, 2015.

  • Hooghe, L., & Marks, G. (2001). Multi-level governance and European integration. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hopf, T. (1998). The promise of constructivism in international relations theory. International Security, 23(1), 171–200.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hurrell, A. (2006). Hegemony, liberalism and global order: What space for would-be great powers? International Affairs, 82(1), 1–19.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hurrell, A., & Sengupta, S. (2012). Emerging powers, North–South relations and global climate politics. International Affairs, 88(3), 463–484.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ICTSD. (2010). China loosens hold on currency ahead of G20 summit. Bridges, 14(23). Geneva: International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development. June 23, from: http://www.ictsd.org/bridges-news/bridges/news/china-loosens-hold-on-currency-ahead-of-g20-summit. Accessed September 19, 2015.

  • IMF. (2008). Global financial stability report: Containing systemic risks and restoring financial soundness. April. Washington, DC: IMF.

    Google Scholar 

  • IMF. (2010). A policy-driven, multispeed recovery. World Economic Outlook Update. IMF website. January 26, from: https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2010/update/01/pdf/0110.pdf. Accessed September 19, 2015.

  • IMF. (2012a). Statement by IMF managing director Christine Lagarde on the G-20 leaders summit in Los Cabos. Press Release. No. 12/232. June 19, from: https://www.imf.org/external/np/sec/pr/2012/pr12232.htm. Accessed September 19, 2015.

  • IMF. (2014). Lagarde: Three hurdles to clear for faster, better growth. IMF Survey Magazine. April 10, from: http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/survey/so/2014/NEW041014A.htm. Accessed March 14, 2014.

  • IMF (2014b). IMF G-20 Surveillance Note: Global Prospects and Policy Challenges. Meetings of G-20 Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors February 22–23, 2014, Sydney, Australia. Washington, DC: IMF. From: http://www.g20.org/English/Documents/PastPresidency/201512/P020151225726881399850.pdf

  • IMF. (2015). Germany: Selected issues. IMF country report no. 15/188. July. Washington, DC: IMF.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnston, A. I. (2008). Social states: China in international institutions, 1980–2000. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Katzenstein, P. (2005). Asia and Europe in the American imperium. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Keck, M., & Sikkink, K. (1999). Transnational advocacy networks in international and regional politics. International Social Science Journal, 51(159), 89–101.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kennedy, M. (2011). Greek bailout: No Canadian money for Eurozone bailout fund: Stephen Harper. National Post. November 4, from: http://news.nationalpost.com/news/canada/no-canadian-money-for-eurozone-bailout-fund-harper. Accessed September 19, 2015.

  • Keohane, R., & Martin, L. (1995). The promise of institutionalist theory. International Security, 20(1), 39–51.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kirton, J. (2013). G20 governance for a globalized world. Farnham: Ashgate.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kirton, J. (2014). The performance of the G20 Brisbane summit. G20 Information Centre, University of Toronto. December 4, from: http://www.g20.utoronto.ca/analysis/141204-kirton-performance.pdf

  • Kokotsis, E., & Bracht, C. (2014). Charting G20 compliance. G20 Governance, 188–89. November, from: http://g20.newsdeskmedia.com/Images/Upload/micro_sites/G20_Australia/PDFs/Charting-G20-compliance.pdf. Accessed September 19, 2015.

  • Lagarde, C. (2015). Time to act on the G20 agenda: The global economy will thank you. iMF Direct, the international monetary fund’s global economy forum. February 6, from: http://blog-imfdirect.imf.org/2015/02/06/time-to-act-on-the-g-20-agenda-the-global-economy-will-thank-you/. Accessed September 19, 2015.

  • Larionova, M. (2012). From the Mexican to the Russian G20 presidency (pp. 3–5). Global Perspective: G20 Update.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lewis, J. (2005). The Janus Face of Brussels: Socialization and everyday decision making in the European Union. International Organization, 59, 937–971.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Luckhurst, J. (2015). Latin America in the G20: Insiders or outsiders? Latin American Policy, 6(1), 19–40.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Luckhurst, J., & Koutrakou, V. (2004). EU economic governance in the present world system. In V. Koutrakou (Ed.), Contemporary issues and debates in EU policy: The European Union and international relations (pp. 102–119). Manchester: Manchester University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mexico’s Presidency of the G20. (2012). Discussion paper: Mexico’s presidency of the G-20. January. Available from University of Toronto website, from: http://www.g20.utoronto.ca/2012/2012-loscabos-disc-en.pdf. Accessed September 19, 2015.

  • Mody, A., & Sandri, D. (2011). The Eurozone crisis: How banks and sovereigns came to be joined at the hip. IMF Working Paper, WP/11/269. Washington, DC: IMF.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ostry, J., & Ghosh, A. (2013). Obstacles to international policy coordination, and how to overcome them. IMF Staff Discussion Note, SDN/13/11. December. Washington, DC: IMF.

    Google Scholar 

  • Palmer, R., & Jarry, E. (2009). Death knell tolls for G8, new body seen forming. Reuters Africa. July 10, from: http://af.reuters.com/article/topNews/idAFJOE5690JU20090710

  • Presidency of the Republic. (2011). French presidency of the G8 and G20. France in Canada, French Embassy in Ottawa. January 11, from: http://www.ambafrance-ca.org/French-Presidency-of-the-G8-and. Accessed September 19, 2015.

  • Pu, X. (2012). Socialisation as a two-way process: Emerging powers and the diffusion of international norms. The Chinese Journal of International Politics, 5, 341–367.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rodrik, D. (2006). Goodbye Washington consensus, hello Washington confusion? Journal of Economic Literature, 44(4), 973–987.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rodrik, D. (2013). What the world needs from the BRICS. Project Syndicate. April 10, from: http://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/the-brics-and-global-economic-leadership-by-dani-rodrik#0ATec7bLFT24jkKk.99. Retrieved April 21, 2013.

  • Rugman, A. (2008). Regional multinationals and the myth of globalisation. In A. Cooper, C. Hughes, & P. de Lombaerde (Eds.), Regionalisation and global governance: The taming of globalisation? (pp. 99–117). Abingdon, Oxon/New York, NY: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Russian G20 Presidency. (2013). Saint Petersburg accountability report on G20 development Commitments. St. Petersburg: Russian G20 Presidency. Accessed September 19, 2015, from: https://g20.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Saint%20Petersburg%20Accountability%20Report%20on%20G20%20Development%20Commitments_0.pdf

  • Schifferes, S. (2009). Lesson for G20 from 1933 London summit. BBC News. March 23, from: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/7954532.stm. Accessed September 19, 2015.

  • Schirm, S. (2013). Global politics are domestic politics: A societal approach to divergence in the G20. Review of International Studies, 39, 685–706.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sikkink, K. (2005). Patterns of dynamic multilevel governance and the insider-outsider coalition. In D. Della Porta & S. Tarrow (Eds.), Transnational protest & global activism (pp. 151–174). Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.

    Google Scholar 

  • Slaughter, S. (2013). The prospects of deliberative global governance in the G20: Legitimacy, accountability, and public contestation. Review of International Studies, 39(1), 71–90.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stiglitz, J. (2003). Globalization and the logic of international collective action: Re-examining the Bretton Woods institutions. In D. Nayyar (Ed.), Governing globalization: Issues and institutions (pp. 238–253). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Subacchi, P., & Pickford, S. (2011). Legitimacy vs effectiveness for the G20: A dynamic approach to global economic governance. London: Chatham House. Chatham house briefing paper, October. Retrieved from http://www.chathamhouse.org/sites/files/chathamhouse/1011bp_subacchi_pickford.pdf

  • Terhalle, M. (2011). Reciprocal socialization: Rising powers and the west. International Studies Perspectives, 12, 341–361.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • TUAC. (2013). TUAC-ITUC evaluation of the G20 Saint-Petersburg summit outcomes. L20 Evaluation Report. Paris: Trade Union Advisory Committee to the OECD. September 5–6, from: http://www.tuac.org/en/public/e-docs/00/00/0D/5E/document_news.phtml. Accessed September 19, 2015.

  • UN (2008). Transcript of press conference by secretary-general Ban Ki-Moon at United Nations Headquarters. United Nations Press Release. November 11, from: http://www.un.org/press/en/2008/sgsm11916.doc.htm. Accessed September 19, 2015.

  • UN (2009). Report of the commission of experts of the president of the United Nations general assembly on reforms of the international monetary and financial system. New York: UN September 21, from: http://www.un.org/ga/econcrisissummit/docs/FinalReport_CoE.pdf. Accessed September 19, 2015.

  • UN (2010). Progress report of the ad hoc open ended working group to follow up on the issues contained in the outcome of the UN conference on the World Economic and Financial Crisis and its impact on development. Draft. New York, NY: United Nations General Assembly. July, from: http://www.un.org/ga/president/64/issues/adhoc/preport160710.pdf. Accessed September 19, 2015.

  • Vestergaard, J. (2011). The G20 and beyond: Towards effective global economic governance. Danish Institute for International Studies, DIIS Report, 2011, 04.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vestergaard, J., & Wade, R. (2012). The governance response to the great recession: The “Success” of the G20. Journal of Economic Issues, XLVI(2), 481–489.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wade, R. (2012). The G192 report. Le Monde Diplomatique. August, from: http://mondediplo.com/2012/08/09un

  • Wang, Q., & Blyth, M. (2013). Constructivism and the study of international political economy in China. Review of International Political Economy, 20(6), 1276–1299.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wardell, J. (2014). Incoming G20 leader Turkey says group must be more inclusive. Reuters. November 13, from: http://mobile.reuters.com/article/idUSKCN0IY0AE20141114?irpc=932. Accessed September 19, 2015.

  • Wendt, A. (1994). Collective identity formation and the international state. The American Political Science Review, 88(2), 384–396.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wiener, A. (2004). Contested compliance: Interventions on the normative structure of world politics. European Journal of International Relations, 10(2), 189–234.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wintour, P. (2014). G20: Union leaders complain Tony Abbott downgraded their status. Guardian. November 16, from: http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/nov/16/g20-union-leaders-complain-tony-abbott-downgraded-their-status. Accessed September 19, 2015.

  • Wintour, P., Traynor, I., & Smith, H. (2012). G20 summit: Barroso blames eurozone crisis on US banks. Guardian. June 19, from: http://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/jun/18/g20-summit-barroso-eurozone-crisis. Accessed September 19, 2015.

  • Yoon, D., & Kim, S. (2013). G20 St. Petersburg summit outcomes and future tasks. KIEP World Economy Update, 3(51), 1–6.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yun, S., Fitzgerald, E., & Feffer, J. (2009). The advent of the G14. Foreign Policy in Focus. July 23, from: http://fpif.org/the_advent_of_the_g14/. Accessed September 19, 2015.

  • Zürn, M. (2005). Introduction: Law and compliance at different levels. In M. Zürn & C. Joerges (Eds.), Law and governance in postnational Europe: Compliance beyond the Nation-State. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico

    Jonathan Luckhurst

Authors
  1. Jonathan Luckhurst
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Copyright information

© 2016 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s)

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Luckhurst, J. (2016). International Focus on the G20. In: G20 Since the Global Crisis. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-55147-4_4

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation