Missions and Localization in Chinese History

Abstract

This chapter contextualizes the Taipings within the wider history of Christian missions to China. Adopting a broad historical perspective, the chapter looks at the adaptation and indigenization of Nestorianism in the seventh century and two forms of Catholicism (Jesuit and Dominican) in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. The analysis of these three historical models reveals patterns of indigenization and particular cultural instruments (for example, filial piety and demonological rituals) that would later contribute to the Taipings’ localization of Christianity. The final part of the chapter discusses the Protestant missions to China in the first half of the nineteenth century. Focusing on the translation and dissemination of Christian literature, this section highlights the role of Protestant missionaries and Chinese converts in facilitating Hong Xiuquan’s encounter with Christianity.