Abstract
Accessible, inexpensive and real-time global communication networks have enabled more individuals to participate in political discourse. The new communication space also provides ample room for extremist voices who spread messages of hatred and violence. New and social media therefore pose challenges to governments and security services. This chapter explores the relationship between terrorism, media and threat perception. It problematises the role of government communication in reaction to acts of political violence. Moreover, the strengths and weaknesses of social-media-facilitated networks are discussed. Finally, suggestions are made on how officials might deal with threat communication in the new media world.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
The ambassador was held in captivity for 78 hours. He was released after the Brazilian government freed 15 prisoners as the kidnappers had demanded.
- 2.
The British tabloid newspaper The Sun made the video available on their website on 23 May 2013, the day after the attack: ‘Woolwich terror suspect revealed as Muslim convert known to MI5’, http://www.thesun.co.uk/sol/homepage/news/4939124/Woolwich-terror-suspect-revealed-sources-name-man-as-Michael-Adebolajo.html (accessed 05/01/2016).
Bibliography
Bakunin, Mikhail (1870) ‘Letters to a Frenchman in the Present Crisis’, available at: https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/bakunin/works/1870/letter-frenchman.htm#s1 (accessed 7 January 2016)
Bartolucci, Valentina (2012) ‘Terrorism Rhetoric under the Bush Administration’, Journal of Language and Politics, 11: 4, 562–582.
Berger, J. M. and Jonathan Morgan (2015) The ISIS Twitter Census: Defining and Describing the Population of ISIS Supporters on Twitter, Washington: The Brookings Project on U.S. Relations with the Islamic World Analysis Paper No. 20, http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2015/03/isis-twitter-census-berger-morgan/isis_twitter_census_berger_morgan.pdf (accessed 09/03/2015).
Bolt, Neville (2012) The Violent Image: Insurgent Propaganda and the New Revolutionaries, London: Hurst.
Busch, Peter (2012) ‘The Future of War Reporting’, The RUSI JOURNAL, 157: 3, 60–67.
Busch, Peter (2015) ‘Terrorism and the Intuitive Journalistic Narrative’, Defence Review (Hungary), 143: Special Issue, 75–87.
Byman, Daniel and Jeremy Shapiro (2014) ‘Be Afraid. Be a Little Afraid: The Threat of Terrorism from Western Foreign Fighters in Syria and Iraq’, Foreign Policy at Brookings, 34. http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/research/files/papers/2014/11/western-foreign-fighters-in-syria-and-iraq-byman-shapiro/be-afraid-web.pdf (accessed 03/01/2016).
Cameron, David (2013) ‘Statement about the Death of a Soldier in Woolwich’, Prime Minister’s Office, 22 May, https://www.gov.uk/government/news/woolwich-incident-government-response (accessed 03/01/2016).
Castells, Manuel (2010) The Rise of the Network Society, Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell. 2nd edition. xxx.
Castells, Manuel (2011) ‘A Network Theory of Power’, International Journal of Communication, 5, 773–787.
Castells, Manuel (2012) Networks of Outrage and Hope: Social Movements in the Internet Age, Cambridge: Polity.
Cottle, Simon (2011) ‘Media and the Arab Uprising of 2011: Research Notes’, Journalism, 12: 5, 647–659.
Gates, Scott and Sukanya Potter (2015) ‘Social Media, Allegiance, Recruitment and the Islamic State’, Perspectives on Terrorism, 9: 4, 107–116.
Gerbaudo, Paolo (2012) Tweets and the Streets: Social Media and Contemporary Activism, London: Pluto Press.
Gillmor, Dan (2004) We the Media: Grassroots Journalism by the People, for the People, Cambridge: O’Reilly.
Gray, Chris Hables and Angel Gordo (2014) ‘Social Media in Conflict: Comparing Military and Social Movement Technocultures’, Cultural Politics, 10: 3, 251–261.
Hayes, Terrance (2015) How to Be Drawn, New York: Penguin.
Hegghammer, Thomas and Petter Nesser (2015) ‘Assessing the Islamic State’s Commitment to Attacking the West’, Perspectives on Terrorism, 9: 4, 14–30.
Hostetler, John A. (1989) Amish Roots: A Treasury of History, Wisdom and Love, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins.
Klausen, Jytte (2015) ‘Tweeting the Jihad: Social Media Networks of Western Foreign Fighters in Syria and Iraq’, Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, 38: 1, 1–22.
Kwon, K. Hazel, Yoonjae Nam, Dereck Lackaff (2011) ‘Wireless Protesters Move Around: Informational and Coordinative Use of Information and Communication Technologies for Protest Politics’, Journal of Information Technology & Politics, 8: 4, 383–398.
Lammy, David (2012) Out of the Ashes: Britain after the Riots, London: Guardian Books.
Live Blog ‘Paris Attacks’, The Guardian, 17 November 2015: http://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2015/nov/17/paris-terror-attacks-french-police-launch-fresh-raids-overnight-live#564ba28be4b0a51fe2018975 (accessed 05/01/2016)
Marighella, Carlos (1969) ‘Minimanual of the Urban Guerrilla’, in Jay Mallin ed. 1971, Terror and Urban Guerrillas: A Study of Tactics and Document, Coral Gables: University of Miami Press, 70–115.
Mason, Paul (2013) Why It’s Still Kicking off Everywhere: The New Global Revolutions, London: Verso.
Morozov, Evgeny (2011) The Net Delusion: How Not to Liberate the World, London: Allan Lane.
NN (1969) ‘Brazilian Police Slay Terrorist’, New York Times, 5 November, p. 9.
Omand, David, Jamie Bartlett and Carl Miller (2012) ‘Introducing Social Media Intelligence (SOCMINT)’, Intelligence and National Security, 27: 6, 801–823.
Robertson, Roland (1994) ‘Globalisation or Glocalisation?’, Journal of International Communication, 1: 1, 33–52.
Russel, Charles A. and Bowman H. Miller (1977) ‘Profile of a Terrorist’, Terrorism, 1: 1, 17–34.
Russel, Jonathan and Haras Rafiq (2016) Countering Islamic Extremist Narratives: A Strategic Briefing, London: Quilliam Foundation. http://www.quilliamfoundation.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/publications/free/countering-islamist-extremist-narratives.pdf.
Saltman, Erin Marie and Melanie Smith (2015) ‘Til Martyrdom Do Us Part: Gender and the ISIS Phenomenon, London: Institute for Strategic Dialogye and International Centre for the Study of Radicalisation. http://icsr.info/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/Till_Martyrdom_Do_Us_Part_Gender_and_the_ISIS_Phenomenon.pdf.
Schudson, Michael (1999) The Good Citizen: A History of American Civic Life, Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
Thatcher, Margaret (1985) ‘Speech to American Bar Association’, 15 July. http://www.margaretthatcher.org/document/106096 (accessed 15/01/2015).
Tsoukala, Anastassia (2008) ‘Defining the Terrorist Threat in the Post-September 11 Era’, in Didier Bigo and Anastassia Tsoukala eds., Terror, Insecurity and Liberty: Illiberal Practices of Liberal Regimes after 9/11, London: Routledge.
Tufekci, Zeynep (2014) ‘Social Movements and Governments in the Digital Age: Evaluating a Complex Landscape’, Journal of International Affairs, 68: 1, 1–18.
Weimann, Gabriel (2005) ‘How Modern Terrorism Uses the Internet’, Journal of International Security Affairs, 8, 91–105.
Wheen, Francis (2009) Strange Days Indeed: The 1970s, the Golden Age of Paranoia, New York: Public Affairs.
Williams, John W. (1989) ‘Carlos Marighela: The Father of Urban Warfare’, Terrorism, 12: 1, 1–20.
Winter, Charlie (2015) Documenting the Virtual Caliphate, London: Quilliam Foundation. http://www.quilliamfoundation.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/FINAL-documenting-the-virtual-caliphate.pdf.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Copyright information
© 2017 The Author(s)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Busch, P. (2017). The Changing Media. In: Dover, R., Dylan, H., Goodman, M. (eds) The Palgrave Handbook of Security, Risk and Intelligence. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-53675-4_24
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-53675-4_24
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-137-53674-7
Online ISBN: 978-1-137-53675-4
eBook Packages: Political Science and International StudiesPolitical Science and International Studies (R0)