Abstract
The introduction chapter provides a brief overview of the four mega-events discussed in this book—the Summer Olympics (1988), the World Expo (1993), the FIFA World Cup (2002), and the Winter Olympics (2018). We highlight that the four mega-events were used as a political tool serving personal, national and international motives that reflect South Korea’s evolving politics and economic development stages. We contextualize the four mega-events in the context of South Korea’s state-led modern economic development, taking place at the precise moments when the country was making a leap from authoritarian developmental rule to democratic economic powerhouse. We follow the extent to which the mega-events have achieved their goals, including fostering international relationships, promoting national and urban development , and supporting decentralization development aims.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Abel, J. R. (2012). Japan’s sporting diplomacy: The 1964 Tokyo Olympiad. The International History Review, 34(2), 203–220. doi:10.1080/07075332.2012.626572.
Allmers, S., & Maenning, W. (2009). Economic impacts of the FIFA Soccer World Cups in France 1998, Germany 2006, and outlook for South Africa 2010. Eastern Economic Journal, 35(4), 500–519. doi:10.1057/eej.2009.30.
Amsden, A. H. (1989). Asia’s next giant. South Korea and late industrialization. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Andranovich, G., & Burbank, M. J. (2011). Contextualizing Olympic legacies. Urban Geography, 32(6), 823–844.
Andranovich, G., Burbank, M., & Heying, C. H. (2001). Olympic cities: Lessons learned from mega-event politics. Journal of Urban Affairs, 23(2), 113–131.
Askew, D. (2009). Sport and politics: The 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. European Studies: A Journal of European Culture, History and Politics, 27(1), 103–120.
Bae, Y. (2011). Governing cities without states? Rethinking urban political theories in Asia. In T. Edensor & M. Jayne (Eds.), Urban theory beyond the west: A world of cities (pp. 95–110). London: Routledge.
Berg, B. K., Kessler, S. A., & Hunt, T. M. (2012). A realist perspective of Sport Management Program and the HJ Lutcher Stark governmental perceptions of Olympic boycott movements, 1936–2008. International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics, 4(3), 307–320.
Blanco, I. (2009). Does a Barcelona model really exist? Periods, territories and actors in the process of urban transformation. Local Government Studies, 35(3), 355–369.
Bolsmann, C., & Brewster, K. (2009). Mexico 1968 and South Africa in 2010: Development, leadership, and legacies. Sport in Society: Cultures, Commerce, Media, Politics, 12(10), 1284–1298. doi:10.1080/17430430903204785.
Boykoff, J. (2016). Power games: A political history of the Olympics. London: Verso Books.
Brewster, K. (2009). The rank outsider: Mexico city’s bid for the 1968 Olympic Games. The International Journal of History of Sport, 26(6), 748–763.
Bridges, B. (2008). The Seoul Olympics: Economic miracle meets the world. The International Journal of the History of Sport, 25(14), 1939–1952. doi:10.1080/09523360802438983.
Brooks, J. S., & Young, A. H. (1993). Revitalizing the central business district in the face of decline: The case of New Orleans, 1973–1993. The Town Planning Review, 64(3), 251–271. doi:10.3828/tpr.64.3.k4464042269x8222.
Carriere, J. P., & Demaziere, C. (2002). Urban planning and flagship development projects: Lessons from Expo 98, Lisbon. Planning Practice and Research, 17(1), 69–79.
Cha, V. D. (2009). A theory of sport and politics. The International Journal of the History of Sport, 26(11), 1581–1610.
Chalkley, B., & Essex, S. (1999). Urban development through hosting international events: A history of Olympic Games. Planning Perspectives, 14, 369–394.
Chen, F. Y. (1989). South Korea on stage. Harvard International Review, 11(2), 48–50.
Child Hill, R., & Kim, J. W. (2000). Global cities and developmental states: New York, Tokyo and Seoul. Urban Studies, 37(12), 2167–2195.
Cho, J. H., & Bairner, A. (2011). The sociocultural legacy of the 1988 Seoul Olympic Games. Leisure Studies, 31(3), 271–289.
Cochrane, A., Peck, J., & Tickell, A. (1996). Manchester plays games: Exploring the local politics of globalisation. Urban Studies, 33(8), 1319–1336.
Cornelissen, S. (2010). The geopolitics of global aspiration: Sport mega-events and emerging powers. International Journal of the History of Sport, 27(16–18), 3008–3025.
Deyo, E. C. (Ed.). (1987). The political economy of the new Asian industrialism. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
Dupont, V. D. N. (2011). The dream of Delhi as a global city. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 35(3), 533–554.
Evans, P. (1989). Predatory, developmental and other apparatuses: A comparative political economy perspective on the third world state. Sociological Forum, 4(4), 561–587.
Findling, J. E., & Pelle, K. D. (Eds.). (2008). Encyclopedia of world’s fairs and expositions. Jefferson, NC: McFarland.
Frawley, S., & Adair, D. (Eds.). (2014). Managing the football World Cup. Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan.
French, S. P., & Disher, M. E. (1997). Atlanta and the Olympics: A one-year retrospective. American Planning Association, 63(3), 379–392. doi:10.1080/01944369708975930.
Gaffney, C. (2010). Mega-events and socio-spatial dynamics in Rio de Janeiro, 1919–2016. Journal of Latin American Geography, 9(1), 7–29. doi:10.1353/lag.0.0068.
Gold, J. R., & Gold, M. M. (2008). Olympic cities: Regeneration, city rebranding and changing urban agendas. Geography Compass, 2(1), 300–318. doi:10.1111/j.1749-8198.2007.00080.x.
Gold, J. R., & Gold, M. M. (2016). Olympic cities: City agendas, planning, and the world’s games, 1896–2016 (Vol. 4). Oxford: Routledge.
Gotham, K. F. (2011). Resisting urban spectacle: The 1984 Louisiana World Exposition and the contradictions of mega events. Urban Studies, 48(1), 197–214. doi:10.1177/0042098009360230.
Gratton, C., & Preuss, H. (2008). Maximizing Olympic impacts by building up legacies. International Journal of the History of Sport, 25(14), 1922–1938. doi:10.1080/09523360802439023.
Ha, W. Y. (1998). Korean sports in the 1980s and the Seoul Olympic Games of 1988. Journal of Olympic History, Summer, 11–13. Retrieved from http://library.la84.org/SportsLibrary/JOH/JOHv6n2/JOHv6n2e.pdf.
Haggard, S., & Moon, C. (1993). The state, politics, and economic development in postwar South Korea. In H. Koo (Ed.), State and society in contemporary Korea (pp. 51–94). Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
Hall, C. M. (1992). Hallmark tourist events: Impacts, management and planning. London: Belhaven.
Hiller, H. H. (2000). Mega-events, urban boosterism, and growth strategies: An analysis of the objectives and legitimations of the Cape Town 2004 Olympic bid. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 24(2), 439–458. doi:10.1111/1468-2427.00256.
Hiller, H. H. (2012). Host cities and the Olympics. An interactionist approach. New York: Routledge.
Hogen-Esch, T. (2003). Olympic dreams: The impact of mega-events on local politics. Journal of Urban Affairs, 25(5), 660–661. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9906.2003.juaf_bkrev.x.
Horne, J. (2007). The four ‘knowns’ of sports mega-events. Leisure Studies, 26(1), 81–96. doi:10.1080/02614360500504628.
Jago, L., Dwyer, L., Lipman, G., van Daneel, L., & Vorster, S. (2010). Optimising the potential of mega-events: An overview. International Journal of Event and Festival Management, 1(3), 220–237. doi:10.1108/17852951011078023.
Jennings, W., & Lodge, M. (2011). Governing mega-events: Tools of security risk management for the FIFA 2006 World Cup in Germany and London 2012 Olympic Games. Government and Opposition, 46(2), 192–222. doi:10.1111/j.1477-7053.2010.01336.x.
Johnson, C. (1982). MITI and the Japanese miracle. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
Kassens-Noor, E. (2012). Planning Olympic legacies—Transport dreams and urban realities. Oxford: Routledge.
Kassens-Noor, E. (2016). From ephemeral planning to permanent urbanism: The beginnings of an urban planning theory on utopian mega-events and their heterotopian legacy. Urban Planning, 1(1), 41–54.
Kassens-Noor, E., Wilson, M., Müller, S., Maharaj, B., & Huntoon, L. (2015). Towards a mega-event legacy framework. Leisure Studies, 34(6), 665–667. doi:10.1080/02614367.2015.1035316.
Kihl, Y. W. (2005). Transforming Korean politics: Democracy, reform, and culture. New York: Routledge.
Kim, E. M. (1997). Big business, strong state: Collusion and conflict in South Korean development, 1960–1990. Albany: State University of New York Press.
Lenskyj, H. (2002). The best Olympics ever? Social impacts of Sydney 2000. Albany: State University of New York Press.
Liao, H., & Pitts, A. (2006). A brief historical review of Olympic urbanization. The International Journal of History of Sport, 23(7), 1232–1252. doi:10.1080/09523360600832502.
Lim, W. H. (2011). Joint discovery and upgrading of comparative advantage: Lessons from Korea’s development experience. In S. Fardoust, Y. Kim, & C. Sepulveda (Eds.), Postcrisis growth and development (pp. 173–226). Washington, DC: World Bank.
Malfas, M., Theodoraki, E., & Houlihan, B. (2004). Impacts of the Olympic Games as mega-events. Proceedings of the Institute of Civil Engineers, Municipal Engineer, 157(ME3), 209–220.
Minns, J. (2001). Of miracles and models: The rise and decline of the developmental state in South Korea. Third World Quarterly, 22(6), 1025–1043. doi:10.1080/01436590120099777.
Müller, M. (2014). Event seizure: The World Cup 2018 and Russia’s illusive quest for modernisation. Retrieved from http://adverbum.hautetfort.com/media/00/02/2778055286.pdf.
Müller, M. (2015a). The mega-event syndrome: Why so much goes wrong in mega-event planning and what to do about it. Journal of the American Planning Association, 81(1), 6–17. doi:10.1080/01944363.2015.1038292.
Müller, M. (2015b). What makes an event a mega-event? Definitions and sizes. Leisure Studies, 34(6), 627–642. doi:10.1080/02614367.2014.993333.
Murakami Wood, D., & Abe, K. (2011). The aesthetics of control: Mega events and transformations in Japanese urban order. Urban Studies, 48(15), 3241–3257.
Park, B. G. (2008). Uneven development, inter-scalar tensions, and the politics of decentralization in South Korea: The politics of decentralization in South Korea. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 32(1), 40–59. doi:10.1111/j.1468-2427.2008.00765.x.
Paul, D. E. (2004). World cities as hegemonic projects: The politics of global imagineering in Montreal. Political Geography, 23(5), 571–596. doi:10.1016/j.polgeo.2004.02.002.
Pillay, U., Tomlinson, R., & Bass, O. (Eds.). (2009). Development and dreams: The urban legacy of the 2010 Football World Cup. Cape Town: HSRC Press.
Porter, L., Jaconelli, M., Cheyne, J., Eby, D., & Wagenaar, H. (2009). Planning displacement: The real legacy of major sporting events. Planning Theory & Practice, 10(3), 395. doi:10.1080/14649350903229828.
Preuss, H. (2007). The conceptualisation and measurement of mega sport event legacies. Journal of Sport & Tourism, 12(3–4), 207–228.
Roche, M. (1994). Mega-events and urban policy. Annals of Tourism Research, 21(1), 1–19. doi:10.1016/0160-7383(94)90002-7.
Roche, M. (2000). Mega-events and modernity: Olympics and expos in the growth of global culture. New York: Routledge.
Rueschemeyer, D., & Evans, P. (1985). The state and economic transformation: Toward an analysis of the conditions underlying effective intervention. In P. Evans, D. Rueschemeyer, & T. Skocpol (Eds.), Bringing the state back (pp. 44–78). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Sassen, S. (1991). The global city: New York, London, Tokyo. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Schausteck de Almeida, B., Bolsmann, C., Marchi Junior, W., & de Souza, J. (2015). Rationales, rhetoric and realities: FIFA’s World Cup in South Africa 2010 and Brazil 2014. International Review for the Sociology of Sport, 50(3), 265–282. doi:10.1177/1012690213481970.
Shin, H. B. (2012). Unequal cities of spectacle and mega-events in China. City, 16(6), 728–744. doi:10.1080/13604813.2012.734076.
Shlay, A. B., & Giloth, R. P. (1987). The social organization of a land-based elite: The case of the failed Chicago 1992 World’s Fair. Journal of Urban Affairs, 9(4), 305–324. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9906.1987.tb00484.x.
Shorrock, T. (1986). The struggle for democracy in South Korea in the 1980s and the rise of anti-Americanism. Third World Quarterly, 8(4), 1195–1218.
Short, J. R. (2008). Globalization, cities and the summer Olympics. City, 12(3), 321–340.
Smith, A. (2012). Events and urban regeneration: The strategic use of events to revitalise cities. Oxford: Routledge.
Steinbrink, M., Haferburg, C., & Ley, A. (2011). Festivalisation and urban renewal in the global south: Socio-spatial consequences of the 2010 FIFA World Cup. South African Geographical Journal, 93(1), 15–28. doi:10.1080/03736245.2011.567827.
Sun, J., & Ye, L. (2010). Mega-events, local economies, and global status: What happened before the 2008 Olympics in Beijing and the 2010 World Expo in Shanghai. Journal of Current Chinese Affairs, 39(2), 133–165.
Wang, J. (2013). Shaping China’s global imagination: Branding nations at the World Expo. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Whitelegg, D. (2000). Going for gold: Atlanta’s bid for fame. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 24(4), 801–817. doi:10.1111/1468-2427.00279.
Winter, T. (Ed.). (2012). Shanghai Expo: An international forum on the future of cities. New York: Routledge.
Zimelis, A. (2011). Let the games begin politics of Olympic Games in Mexico and South Korea. India Quarterly, 67(3), 263–278.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Copyright information
© 2017 The Author(s)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Joo, YM., Bae, Y., Kassens-Noor, E. (2017). Mega-Events and Mega-Ambitions: South Korea’s Rise and the Strategic Use of the Big Four Events. In: Mega-Events and Mega-Ambitions: South Korea’s Rise and the Strategic Use of the Big Four Events. Mega Event Planning. Palgrave Pivot, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-53113-1_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-53113-1_1
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Pivot, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-137-53112-4
Online ISBN: 978-1-137-53113-1
eBook Packages: Social SciencesSocial Sciences (R0)