Skip to main content

Changing Attitudes Towards the Welsh English Accent: A View from Twitter

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Sociolinguistics in Wales

Abstract

This chapter presents an analysis of tweets containing the terms Welsh and accent. Each tweet was coded with respect to the attitudes found in it and whether they were positive, negative, or other.

Nearly half (49%) the tweets analysed indicated positive attitudes towards the Welsh accent, while only 15% were negative. Overwhelmingly, the positive tweets commented on the attractiveness of the accent (and of its speakers) or on the tweeter’s own desire to have a Welsh accent. The analysis also revealed that the Welsh English accent is particularly associated with the South Wales Valleys in people’s minds and that recent television shows have played a part in the increased appreciation of the accent.

Mae’r bennod hon yn cyflwyno dadansoddiad o drydariadau sydd yn cynnwys y termau Welsh ac accent. Dadansoddwyd pob trydariad er mwyn ymchwilio i ymagweddau’r anfonwr tuag at acen Saesneg Cymru. Fe’u rhannwyd yn ôl tri chategori, sef positif, negyddol neu arall. Dangosodd 49% o’r trydariadau ymagweddau positif tuag at yr acen Gymreig o’i gymharu â 15% o drydariadau negyddol. Dywedodd y rhai positif fod yr acen Gymreig (a’i siaradwyr) yn ddeniadol. Dangosodd y canlyniadau fod pobl yn dueddol o feddwl am acen Cymoedd De Cymru wrth ystyried acen Gymreig. Rwyf yn honni bod nifer gynyddol yn gwerthfawrogi’r acen o achos dylanwad cyfresi teledu diweddar.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    In order to protect the identity of the tweeters, the examples used in this paper were slightly modified so that they cannot be as easily found in a search.

  2. 2.

    The data collection is ongoing, but for the purposes of this analysis only tweet sent in the specific nine-month period will be considered.

  3. 3.

    The first few months were collected using a now defunct site called http://searchhash.com and then with Martin Hawksey’s google spreadsheet template (https://tags.hawksey.info/get-tags/).

  4. 4.

    These are categorised as metalinguistic, although all the tweets collected are metalinguistic in some way.

References

  • Awbery, Gwen. 1997. The English language in Wales. In The Celtic Englishes, ed. Hildegard L.C. Tristram, 86–99. Heidelberg: Winter.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bourhis, Richard, and Howard Giles. 1976. The language of cooperation in Wales. A field study. Language Sciences 42: 13–16.

    Google Scholar 

  • Buchstaller, Isabelle. 2006. Social stereotypes, personality traits and regional perceptions displaced: Attitudes towards the ‘new’ quotatives in the UK. Journal of Sociolinguistics 10(3): 362–381.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Campbell-Kibler, Kathryn and Amber Torelli. 2012. Tracking enregisterment through online social media. Paper presented at regional varieties, language shift and linguistic identities conference, Aston, Birmingham.

    Google Scholar 

  • Connolly, John H. 1981. On the segmental phonology of a South Wales accent of English. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 11: 51–62.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Coupland, Nikolas. 2009. Dialect style, social class and metacultural performance: The pantomime dame. In The new sociolinguistics reader, ed. Nikolas Coupland, and Adam Jaworski, 311–325. Basingstoke/New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coupland, Nikolas, and Hywel Bishop. 2007. Ideologised values for British accents. Journal of Sociolinguistics 11(1): 74–103.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Coupland, Nikolas, Angie Williams, and Peter Garrett. 1994. The social meanings of Welsh English: Teachers’ stereotyped judgements. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development 15(6): 471–489. doi:10.1080/01434632.1994.9994585.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ———. 1999. ‘Welshness’ and ‘Englishness’ as attitudinal dimensions of English language varieties in Wales. In Handbook of perceptual dialectology, vol 1, ed. Dennis R. Preston, 333–343. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coupland, Nikolas, Hywel Bishop, Angie Williams, Betsy Evans, and Peter Garrett. 2005. Affiliation, engagement, language use and vitality: Secondary school students’ subjective orientations to Welsh and Welshness. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism 8(1): 1–24.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Duggan, Maeve, Nicole Ellison, Cliff Lampe, Amanda Lenhart and Mary Madden. 2014. Demographics of key social networking platforms. http://www.pewinternet.org/2015/01/09/social-media-update-2014/. Accessed 24 May 2016.

  • Durham, Mercedes. 2016. Representations of Welsh English online. What can tweets tell us about salience and enregisterment? Paper presented at New Ways of Analyzing Variation 44, Toronto.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eisenstein, Jacob. 2015. Systematic patterning in phonologically- motivated orthographic variation. Journal of Sociolinguistics 19(2): 161–188.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Garrett, Peter, Nikolas Coupland, and Angie Williams. 1995. ‘City Harsh’ and ‘the Welsh Version of RP’: Some ways in which teachers view dialects of Welsh English. Language Awareness 4(2): 99–107.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Giles, Howard. 1970. Evaluative reactions to accents. Educational Review 22: 211–227.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ———. 1990. Social meanings of Welsh English. In English in Wales: Diversity, conflict, and change, ed. Nikolas Coupland, 258–282. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hardaker, Claire. 2010. Trolling in asynchronous computer-mediated communication: From user discussions to theoretical concepts. Journal of Politeness Research 6(2): 215–242.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2013. Uh.....not to be nitpicky,,,,,but…The past tense of drag is dragged, not drug.: An overview of trolling strategies. Journal of Language Aggression and Conflict 1(1): 57–86.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Internet Live Stats. (n.d. ) Twitter Statistics. http://www.internetlivestats.com/twitter-statistics. Accessed 21 May 2016.

  • Jones, Robert Owen. 1993. The sociolinguistics of Welsh. In The Celtic languages, ed. Martin J. Ball, 536–605. London/New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jones, Hywel M. 2012. A statistical overview of the Welsh language. Cardiff: Welsh Language Board. http://www.comisiynyddygymraeg.cymru/Cymraeg/Rhestr%20Cyhoeddiadau/Darlun%20ystadegol%20Cymraeg.pdf. Accessed 23 May 2016.

  • Kelly-Holmes, Helen. 2000. Bier, parfum, kaas: Language fetish in European advertising. European Journal of Cultural Studies 3(1): 67–82.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lippi-Green, Rosina. 1997. English with an accent: Language, ideology and discrimination in the United States. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Office for National Statistics. (2011). Census: Aggregate data (England and Wales) UK data service census support. Available at: http://infuse.ukdataservice.ac.uk

  • Parry, David. 1977. The survey of Anglo-Welsh dialects. Volume 1: The South-East. Swansea: University College Swansea.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 1999. A grammar and glossary of conservative Anglo-Welsh dialects of rural Wales. NATCECT. Occasional Publications, No. 8. Sheffield: University of Sheffield.

    Google Scholar 

  • Paulasto, Heli. 2006. Welsh English syntax: Contact and variation. Joensuu: Joensuu University Press http://epublications.uef.fi/pub/urn_isbn_952-458-804-8/index_en.html.

    Google Scholar 

  • Penhallurick, Rob. 2004. Welsh English: Morphology and syntax. In A handbook of varieties of english, Vol. 2: Morphology and syntax, ed. Bernd Kortmann, Kate Burridge, Rajend Mesthrie, Edgar Schneider, and Clive Upton, 102–113. Berlin/New York: Mouton de Gruyter.

    Google Scholar 

  • Preston, Dennis R. 2003. Language with an Attitude. In The handbook of language variation and change, ed. J.K. Chambers, Peter Trudgill, and Natalie Schilling-Estes, 40–66. Oxford: Blackwell.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sloan, Luke and Jeffrey Morgan. 2015. Who tweets with their location? Understanding the relationship between demographic characteristics and the use of geoservices and geotagging on Twitter. PLoS ONE 10(11), e0142209.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wahlgreen, Will. 2014. Brummie is the least attractive reference. (YouGov survey). https://yougov.co.uk/news/2014/12/09/accent-map2/. Accessed 21 May 2016.

  • Walters, J. Roderick. 2003. On the intonation of a South Wales ‘Valleys accent’ of English. Journal of the International Phonetic Association 33(2): 211–238.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Watson, Kevin, and Lynn Clark. 2015. Exploring listeners’ real-time reactions to regional accents. Language Awareness 24(1): 38–59.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wells, John. 1982. Accents of English 2: The British Isles. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Welsh Language Board. 1995. Public attitudes to the Welsh language. Research report prepared by NOP Social and Political for the Central Office of Information and the Welsh Language Board. London: NOP Social and Political.

    Google Scholar 

  • ———. 2004. 2001 Census: Linguistic composition of Wales’s households. Cardiff: Welsh Language Board.

    Google Scholar 

  • Williams, Angie, Peter Garrett, and Nikolas Coupland. 1996. Perceptual dialectology, Folklinguistics, and regional stereotypes: Teachers’ perceptions of variation in Welsh English. Multilingua 15(2): 171–199.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zahn, Christopher, and Robert Hopper. 1985. Measuring language attitudes: The speech evaluation instrument. Journal of Language and Social Psychology 4(2): 113–123.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

I would like to thank the Centre for Language and Communication Research at Cardiff University for a small research grant at the start of the project, as well as Dorottya Csenge Cserző for help with the initial analysis.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Copyright information

© 2016 The Author(s)

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Durham, M. (2016). Changing Attitudes Towards the Welsh English Accent: A View from Twitter. In: Durham, M., Morris, J. (eds) Sociolinguistics in Wales. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-52897-1_7

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-52897-1_7

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, London

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-137-52896-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-137-52897-1

  • eBook Packages: Social SciencesSocial Sciences (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics