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Anti-Black Racism: Afrophobia, Exclusion and Global Racisms

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Critical Perspectives on Hate Crime

Part of the book series: Palgrave Hate Studies ((PAHS))

Abstract

In 2013, the United Nations established the International Decade for People of African Descent (resolution 68/237) to provide a framework within which the United Nations, Member States, civil society and other relevant actors can work with people identified as Black to identify and address problems of recognition, justice and development. The emerging policy literature around this approach has adopted the term ‘Afrophobia’ to cover all forms of anti-Blackness, meaning hostility and discrimination towards people identified as Black, including in housing, education, healthcare, policy, as well as characterising experiences of violence and harassment.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    The term ‘anti-Black racism’, or ‘anti-Blackness’, is more commonly used in academic discussions.

  2. 2.

    The findings include no disaggregation of Irish-born children of Black African parents or white/Asian Africans, or other children of Black African ethnicity.

  3. 3.

    The iReport.ie survey adopted Irish census categories, acknowledging the problems with these categories raised by King O’Riain (2007).

  4. 4.

    Attribution of racism in iReport.ie entries is highly dependent on the presence of racist language, with 63 per cent of reports relying on this. The remainder of the reports relied on the victim being the only person identified as Black present, and on differential treatment of people identified as ‘white’ and ‘Black’ in the situation.

  5. 5.

    The level of detail in the survey does not always permit a clear judgement about whether a racist incident is prosecutable, particularly in relation to threatening behaviour. Analysis is provided here in relation to those which potentially constitute a criminal offence under the law, and the lower figure is provided to distinguish those which included violence and damage which are more easily evidenced.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Sociology and Applied Social Studies, Ulster University, Jordanstown, Northern Ireland

    Lucy Michael

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  1. Lucy Michael
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  1. Department of Sociology, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland

    Amanda Haynes

  2. School of Law, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland

    Jennifer Schweppe

  3. Department of Applied Social Studies, Maynooth University , Maynooth, Ireland

    Seamus Taylor

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Michael, L. (2017). Anti-Black Racism: Afrophobia, Exclusion and Global Racisms. In: Haynes, A., Schweppe, J., Taylor, S. (eds) Critical Perspectives on Hate Crime. Palgrave Hate Studies. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-52667-0_15

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-52667-0_15

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