Skip to main content

Rarely Seen, Seldom Heard: People with Intellectual Disabilities in the Mass Media

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Book cover Intellectual Disability and Stigma

Abstract

Stigmatizing messages and underrepresentation of people with intellectual disabilities within mass media are communicated to vast audiences and have considerable potential to detrimentally affect these individuals. This chapter explores the nature of such representations as well as how they are disseminated to audiences and can influence their thinking, emotions, and behaviors. It discusses the limited literature about people with intellectual disabilities in three mass media—newspapers, television, and film—and considers how these media can contribute to reproducing and counteracting stigma. The chapter also highlights gaps in the literature, future directions for research, and implications for practice and advocacy.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 139.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 179.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Carter, N., & Williams, J. (2012). ‘A genuinely emotional week’: Learning disability, sport, and television—Notes on the Special Olympics GB National Summer Games 2009. Media, Culture and Society, 34, 211–227. doi:10.1177/0163443711430759.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chen, C. H., Hsu, K. L., Shu, B. C., & Fertzer, S. (2012). The image of people with intellectual disability in Taiwan newspapers. Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disability, 17, 35–41. doi:10.3109/13668250.2011.650159.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Conn, R., & Bhugra, D. (2015). The portrayal of autism in Hollywood films. International Journal of Culture and Mental Health, 5, 54–62. doi:10.1080/17542863.2011.553369.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Devlieger, P. J., Baz, T., & Drazen, C. (2000). Mental retardation in American film: A semiotic analysis. Semiotica, 129, 1–28. doi:10.1515/semi.2000.129.1-4.1.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Devotta, K., Wilton, R., & Yiannakoulias, N. (2013). Representations of disability in the Canadian news media: A decade of change? Disability and Rehabilitation, 35, 1859–1868. doi:10.3109/09638288.2012.760658.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dyer, R. (1993). The matter of images: Essays on representation. London, UK: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Englandkennedy, E. (2008). Media representations of attention deficit disorder: Portrayals of cultural skepticism in popular media. Journal of Popular Culture, 41, 91–117. doi:10.1111/j.1540-5931.2008.00494.x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Farnall, O., & Smith, K. A. (1999). Reactions to people with disabilities: Personal contact versus viewing of specific media portrayals. Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly, 76, 659–672. doi:10.1177/107769909907600404.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fudge Schormans, A., Renwick, R., Barker, D., Chasi, E., Smith, B., McWilliam, L., et al. (2013). Why cant we be superheroes? Researchers’ with and without intellectual and developmental disabilities thoughts on Defendor. Media Review. Journal on Developmental Disabilities, 19, 109–112.

    Google Scholar 

  • Garland-Thomson, R. (2009). Staring: How we look. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hall, S. (1980). Encoding/decoding. In S. Hall, D. Hobson, A. Lowe, & P. Willis (Eds.), Culture, media, language (pp. 128–138). London, UK: Hutchinson & Co..

    Google Scholar 

  • Hartnett, A. (2000). Escaping the ‘evil avenger’ and ‘the supercrip’: Images of disability in popular television. The Irish Communication Review, 8, 21–29.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hodgkinson, P. (2011). Media, culture, and society: An introduction. London, UK: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jones, C., & Harwood, V. (2009). Representations of autism in Australian print media. Disability and Society, 24, 5–18. doi:10.1080/09687590802535345.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lopez Levers, L. (2001). Representations of psychiatric disabilities in fifty years of Hollywood film: An ethnographic content analysis. Theory and Science, 2(2).

    Google Scholar 

  • Mitchell, W. J. T. (2005). There are no visual media. Journal of Visual Culture, 4, 257–266. doi:10.1177/1470412905054673.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mitchell, D., & Snyder, S. L. (2001). Representation and its discontents. The uneasy home of disability in literature and film. In G. L. Albrecht, K. D. Seelman, & M. Bury (Eds.), Handbook of disability studies (pp. 195–238). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Renwick, R., Fudge Schormans, A., & Shore, D. (2014). Hollywood takes on intellectual/developmental disability: Cinematic representations of occupational participation. Occupational Therapy Journal of Research: Occupation, Participation, and Health, 34, 20–31. doi:10.3928/15394492-20131118-01.

    Google Scholar 

  • Saito, S., & Ishiyama, R. (2005). The invisible minority: Under-representation of people with disabilities in prime-time TV dramas in Japan. Disability and Society, 20, 437–451. doi:10.1080/09687590500086591.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Special Olympics (2005). Changing attitudes, changing the world: Media portrayals of people with intellectual disabilities. Retrieved from www.specialolympics.org/uploadedFiles/LandingPage/WhatWeDo/Research_Studies_Desciption_Pages/Policy_paper_media_portrayal.pdf

  • Wilkinson, P., & McGill, P. (2009). Representation of people with intellectual disabilities in a British newspaper in 1983 and 2001. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 22, 65–76. doi:10.1111/j.1468-3148.2008.00453.x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, L., & Haller, B. (2013). Consuming images: How mass media impact the identity of people with disabilities. Communication Quarterly, 61, 319–334. doi:10.1080/01463373.2013.776988.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

I am grateful to be part of a participatory research group that collaborates to study the stories that films tell about people with intellectual and developmental disabilities and present our findings in traditional and more accessible formats. I appreciate Matthew Devine’s assistance with identifying diverse literature about mass media and disability.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Rebecca Renwick .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Copyright information

© 2016 The Author(s)

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Renwick, R. (2016). Rarely Seen, Seldom Heard: People with Intellectual Disabilities in the Mass Media. In: Scior, K., Werner, S. (eds) Intellectual Disability and Stigma. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-52499-7_5

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics