Skip to main content

Conclusion

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Understanding Geography and War
  • 749 Accesses

Abstract

Outside of academia geopolitics is widely imagined as (depending on your generation) chess, the board game Risk, or the Total War video games. Big men moving big guns across a big playing field. The world divided into clear sides. It’s all on the map, as little figurines. Put a fort in here, a uranium mine there. They’ve blown up the runway. Hold the port. Why do all of this? Oh, right, for security. To avoid, or win, the war. To keep the people safe. Or just, maybe, to keep the investments safe, to build an empire (Koopman 2011, 274).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 49.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 64.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 99.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    One way in which critical geopolitics can be expanded is through moving into post-modern/post-structural areas. While beyond the scope of this book, useful starting points for this research are Ó Tuathail and Agnew (1992), Ó Tuathail (1998), Roberts (2000), Heffernan (2000), Stephanson (2000), Sparke (2000), Luke (2003), and Slater (2003).

  2. 2.

    Or, as Nyroos (2001) describes it, ‘religeopolitics’; see also Yorgason and Robertson (2006).

References

  • Agnew, J. (2006). Religion and geopolitics. Geopolitics, 11, 183–191.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bellany, I. (1994). Malthus and the modern world. Review of International Studies, 20(04), 411–422.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Casolo, J., & Doshi, S. (2013). Domesticated dispossessions? Towards a transnational feminist geopolitics of development. Geopolitics, 18(4), 800–834.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cornelissen, S. (2010). The geopolitics of global aspiration: Sport mega-events and emerging powers. The International Journal of the History of Sport, 27(16–18), 3008–3025.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cowen, D., & Smith, N. (2009). After geopolitics? From the geopolitical social to geoeconomics. Antipode, 41(1), 22–48.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dalby, S. (1996). The environment as geopolitical threat: Reading Robert Kaplan’s Coming Anarchy. Ecumene, 3, 472–496.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dalby, S. (2003). Green geopolitics. In J. Agnew, K. Mitchell, & G. Ó Tuathail (Eds.), A companion to political geography. Oxford: Blackwell.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dalby, S. (2007). Anthropocene geopolitics: Globalisation, empire, environment and critique. Geography Compass, 1, 103–118.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Debrix, F. (2003). Tabloid realism and the revival of American security culture. Geopolitics, 8(3), 151–190.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Debrix, F. (2007). Tabloid imperialism: American geopolitical anxieties and the war on terror. Geography Compass, 1(4), 932–945.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dittmer, J., & Gray, N. (2010). Popular geopolitics 2.0: Towards new methodologies of the everyday. Geography Compass, 4(11), 1664–1677.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dodds, K. J. (2006). Popular geopolitics and audience dispositions: James Bond and the Internet Movie Database (IMDb). Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 31, 116–130.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Enloe, C. (2000). Bananas, beaches and bases: Making feminist sense of international politics. Berkeley: University of California Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fluri, J. L. (2009). Geopolitics of gender and violence ‘from below’. Political Geography, 28(4), 259–265.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Foxall, A. (2015). Geopolitics, genocide and the Olympic Games: Sochi 2014. ACME: An International E-Journal for Critical Geographies, 14(2), 622–630.

    Google Scholar 

  • Galtung, J. (1964). What is peace research? Journal of Peace Research, 1(1), 1–4.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Habashi, J. (2013). Children’s religious agency: Conceptualising Islamic idioms of resistance. Area, 45(2), 155–161.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Heffernan, M. (2000). Balancing visions: Comments on Gearoid O’Tuathail’s Critical geopolitics. Political Geography, 19(3), 347–352.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hu, F.-z., Hu, Y.-h., & Liu, Y.-m. (2014). Fundamental goals and core ideas of international Chinese education: A new analysis based on ‘emotional geopolitics’ and ‘international understanding education’. Journal of East China Normal University (Humanities and Social Sciences), 2, 145–156.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ingram, A. (2009). The geopolitics of disease. Geography Compass, 3, 2084–2097.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kelly, W., & Mangan, J. (2015). The new geopolitics of sport in East Asia. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Koopman, S. (2011). Alter-geopolitics: Other securities are happening. Geoforum, 42, 274–284.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lacoste, Y. (1976). La géographie, ça sert, d’abord, à faire la guerre. Paris: François Maspero.

    Google Scholar 

  • Laliberté, N. (2013). In pursuit of a monster: Militarisation and (in)security in northern Uganda. Geopolitics, 18(4), 875–894.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Luke, T. W. (2003). Postmodern geopolitics: The case of the 9.11 terrorist attacks. In J. Agnew, K. Mitchell, & G. Ó Tuathail (Eds.), A companion to political geography. Oxford: Blackwell.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mangan, J., & Hong, F. (2013). Post-Beijing 2008: Geopolitics, sport and the Pacific Rim. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Martin, L. (2011). The geopolitics of vulnerability: Children’s legal subjectivity, immigrant family detention and us immigration law and enforcement policy. Gender, Place & Culture, 18(4), 477–498.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McConnell, F. (2013). The geopolitics of Buddhist reincarnation: contested futures of Tibetan leadership. Area, 45(2), 162–169.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Megoran, N. (2010). Towards a geography of peace: Pacific geopolitics and evangelical Christian crusade apologies. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 35(3), 382–398.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Megoran, N. (2011). War and peace? An agenda for peace research and practice in geography. Political Geography, 30(4), 178–189.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nyroos, L. (2001). Religeopolitics: Dissident geopolitics and the ‘fundamentalism’ of Hamas and Kach. Geopolitics, 6(3), 135–157.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • O’Donnell, H. (1994). Mapping the mythical: A geopolitics of national sporting stereotypes. Discourse and Society, 5, 345–380.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ó Tuathail, G. (1998). Postmodern geopolitics? The modern geopolitical imagination and beyond. In S. Dalby & G. Ó Tuathail (Eds.), Rethinking geopolitics (pp. 91–105). London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ó Tuathail, G., & Agnew, J. (1992). Geopolitics and discourse: Practical geopolitical reasoning in American foreign policy. Political Geography, 11(2), 190–204.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pain, R. (2009). Globalized fear? Towards an emotional geopolitics. Progress in Human Geography, 1–21.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pain, R. (2010). The new geopolitics of fear. Geography Compass, 226–240.

    Google Scholar 

  • Power, M. (2010). Geopolitics and ‘development’: An introduction. Geopolitics, 15(3), 433–440.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Richmond, O. P. (2005). The transformation of peace. Palgrave Macmillan.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Roberts, S. M. (2000). Review symposium: Gearoid O’Tuathail (1996) Critical Geopolitics: The Politics of Writing Global Space (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press). Political Geography, 19(3), 345–346.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sasaki, H. (1927). Geopolitik to economic geography. Chirigaku-hyōron, 3(4), 99–101.

    Google Scholar 

  • Secor, A. J. (2001). Toward a feminist counter-geopolitics: Gender, space and Islamist politics in Istanbul. Space and Polity, 5(3), 191–211.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sharp, J. P. (2000). Remasculinising geo-politics? Comments on Gearoid O’Tuathail’s Critical Geopolitics. Political Geography, 19, 361–364.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sidaway, J. D. (2001). Iraq/Yugoslavia: Banal geopolitics. Antipode, 33(4), 601–609.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sidaway, J. D. (2003). Banal geopolitics resumed. Antipode, 35(4), 645–651.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sidaway, J. D. (2008). The dissemination of banal geopolitics: Webs of extremism and insecurity. Antipode, 40(1), 2–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Slater, D. (2003). Geopolitical themes and postmodern thought. In J. Agnew, K. Mitchell, & G. Ó Tuathail (Eds.), A companion to political geography. Oxford: Blackwell.

    Google Scholar 

  • Snow, J. (1855). On the mode of communication of cholera. John Churchill.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sparke, M. (2000). Graphing the geo in geo-political: Critical geopolitics and the re-visioning of responsibility. Political Geography, 19(3), 373–380.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stephanson, A. (2000). Commentary on Gearoid O’Tuathail’s Critical Geopolitics. Political Geography, 19(3), 381–383.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sturm, T. (2013). The future of religious geopolitics: Towards a research and theory agenda. Area, 45(2), 134–140.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wallace, I. (2006). Territory, typology, theology: Geopolitics and the Christian scriptures. Geopolitics, 11(2), 209–230.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Williams, J., & Boyce, G. A. (2013). Fear, loathing and the everyday geopolitics of encounter in the Arizona borderlands. Geopolitics, 18(4), 895–916.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yorgason, E., & Robertson, D. B. (2006). Mormonism’s raveling and unraveling of a geopolitical thread. Geopolitics, 11, 256–279.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Copyright information

© 2017 The Author(s)

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Pickering, S. (2017). Conclusion. In: Understanding Geography and War. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-52217-7_7

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics