Abstract
Since 1951 the European Commission (and before that the High Authority) had a continuous civil aim: the stimulation of a European civil consciousness amongst a European public. One of the ways in which it attempted to achieve this was through the public communication of European citizenship, the meaning of which changed depending on the social, political, economic, historical and institutional contexts of European integration. The different meanings of European citizenship are best understood as five representations which the European Commission communicated between 1951 and 2014: Homo Oeconomicus (1951–1972), A People’s Europe (1973–1992), Europe of Transparency (1993–2004), Europe of Agorai (2005–2009) and Europe of Rights (2010–2014). When combined they form an uninterrupted European civil narrative.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Alexander, J. (1997). The paradoxes of civil society. International Sociology, 12(2), 115–133.
Alexander, J. (2006). The civil sphere. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Alexander, J. (2011). Performative revolution in Egypt: An essay in cultural power. London: Bloomsbury.
Balace, F., DeClercq, W., & Planchard, R. (2004). Jean Rey: liégeois, européen, homme politique. Actes de la commémoration Jean Rey 1902–2002. Liège: Éditions de l'Université de Liège.
Bartelson, J. (1995). A genealogy of sovereignty. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Bauböck, R. (1997). Citizenship and national identities in the European Union. Harvard Law School, Jean Monnet Chair (Working Papers Series 4/1997).
Beata, S. (2007). European citizenship: Past, present and future. Saarbrücken: VDM Verlag Dr. Mueller e.K.
Beck, U. (2005). Re-inventing Europe: A cosmopolitan vision. Talk given at the Centre de Cultura Contemporania de Barcelona on 27th October. http://www.publicspace.org/en/text-library/eng/b004-re-inventing-europe-a-cosmopolitan-vision. Accessed 17 Oct 2011.
Beck, U. (2006). The cosmopolitan vision. Cambridge: Polity.
Beck, U. (2011). Cosmopolitanism can set Europe aright. Die Zeit 11.7.2011. http://www.presseurop.eu/en/content/article/751391-cosmopolitanism-can-set-europe-aright. Accessed 13 Nov 2011.
Bee, C. (2008). The institutionally constructed European identity: Public sphere and citizenship narrated by the Commission. Perspectives on European Politics and Society, 9(4), 431–450.
Bellamy, R. (2001). The ‘right to have rights’: Citizenship practice and the political constitution of the EU. In R. Bellamy & A. Warleigh (Eds.), Citizenship and governance in the European Union (pp. 41–70). London: Continuum.
Bellamy, R. (2006). Between past and future: The democratic limits of EU citizenship. In R. Bellamy, D. Castiglione, & J. Shaw (Eds.), Making European citizens: Civic inclusion in a transnational context (pp. 238–265). New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Bellamy, R. (2008). Evaluating Union citizenship: Belonging, rights and participation within the EU. Citizenship Studies, 12(6), 597–611.
Besson, S., & Utzinger, A. (2007). Introduction: Future challenges of European citizenship—Facing a wide-open Pandora’s box. European Law Journal, 13(5), 573–590.
Bossuat, G. (1994). Les fondateurs de l’Europe. Paris: Belin.
Bostanci, A. (2013). Making the mythical European: Elucidating the EU’s powerful integration instrument of discursive identity construction. Perspectives on European Politics and Society, 14(2), 172–184.
Bottici, C., & Challand, B. (2014). Imagining Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Brugmans, H. (1966). L’idée européenne, 1918–1965, Cahiers de Bruges, N-S 12. Bruges.
Calliano, O. (2012). La supranationalitè, kainologisme institutionnel pour la création du consensus au processus d’intégration européenne. In D. Preda & D. Pasquinucci (Eds.), Consensus and European integration. An historical perspective [sic] (pp. 41–54). Brussels: Peter Lang.
Caron, G. (1963, Janvier 28). Comment informer l’Europe des problèmes du marché commun? Expose de M. Giuseppe Caron, Vice-President de la Commission de la Communauté économique européenne à l’Université de Liège.
CCE (Commission des Communautés Européennes). (1963, Juin 26). Mémorandum sur la politique des Communautés en matière d’information à l’attention des Conseils (COM (63) 242).
CCE (Commission des Communautés Européennes). (1964, Février 3). Programme d’activité pour 1964 (Doc no. 1383/PI/64-F).
CCE (Commission des Communautés Européennes). (1965, Avril 9). Document de travail sur les activités prioritaires d’information à développer en 1965–1966 (Doc no. 5044/PI/65-F).
CCE (Commission des Communautés Européennes). (1967, Juin 1). Mémorandum sur la politique d’information de la Commission.
CCE (Commission des Communautés Européennes). (1968). Document sur la politique d’information de la Commission (Doc no 4279/1/PI/68F), (no date).
CCE (Commission des Communautés Européennes). (2003). It’s your Europe—Living, learning and working anywhere in the EU. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities.
CCE (Commission des Communautés Européennes). (2010a, October 27). EU citizenship report 2010. Dismantling the obstacles to EU citizens’ rights (COM (2010) 603 final).
CCE (Commission des Communautés Européennes). (2010b). Freedom to move and live in Europe—A guide to your rights as an EU citizen. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union.
CCE (Commission des Communautés Européennes). (2010c). Your guide to the Lisbon Treaty. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union.
Cheneval, F. (2007). Caminante, no hay camino, se hace camino al andar: EU citizenship, direct democracy and treaty ratification. European Law Journal, 13(5), 647–663.
Cini, M. (1996). The European Commission: Leadership, organisation and culture in the EU administration. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
Close, P. (1995). Citizenship, Europe and change. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Conrad, Y. (2007). Jean Rey, moderate optimist and instinctive European. In M. Dumoulin (Ed.), The European Commission, 1958–72. History and memories (pp. 109–123). Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities.
Coombes, D. (1970). Politics and bureaucracy in the European Community. London: George Allen and Unwin.
Coppé, A. (1956). Speech by Albert Coppé, Vice-President of the High Authority, ECSC on efforts toward European unity.
D’Oliveira, H. U. J. (1995). Union citizenship: A pie in the sky? In A. Rosas & E. Antola (Eds.), A citizen’s Europe. In search of a new order (pp. 58–84). London: Sage.
Delanty, G. (1995). Inventing Europe: Idea, identity, reality. London: Macmillan.
Delgado Moreira, J. M. (2000). Cohesion and citizenship in EU cultural policy. Journal of Common Market Studies, 38(3), 449–470.
Dumoulin, Michel (Ed.). (2007). The European Commission, 1958–72. History and memories (pp. 125–151). Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities.
Dunkerley, D., et al. (2002). Changing Europe: Identities, nations and citizens. London: Routledge.
Dwyer, P. (2004). Understanding social citizenship: Themes and perspectives for policy and practice. Bristol: Policy Press.
EP. (1960, November 18). Bericht im Namen des politischen Ausschusses über die Probleme der Information in den Europäischen Gemeinschaften (Berichterstatter Schuijt). Europäisches Parlament Sitzungsdokumente 1960–1961 (Dokument 89).
EP. (1962, November 14). Bericht im Namen des politischen Ausschusses über die Tätigkeit der Informationsdienste der Europäischen Gemeinschaften (Berichterstatter Schuijt). Europäisches Parlament Sitzungsdokumente 1962–1963 (Dokument 103).
EP. (1972, Februar 7). Bericht im Namen des politischen Ausschusses über die Informationspolitik der Europäischen Gemeinschaften (Berichterstatter Schuijt), Europäisches Parlament Sitzungsdokumente 1971–1972 (Dokument 246/71).
EP. (1993) Reflection on Information and Communication Policy of the European Community (De Clercq Report) OP-EC/3240, March.
EP. (1998, Mai 5). Rapport sur la politique d’information et de communication dans l’Union européenne de Peter Pex en Commission de la culture, de la jeunesse, de l’éducation et des médias (Pex Report) (A4-0115/98).
Epinay, A. (2007). The scope of article 12 EC: Some remarks on the influence of European citizenship. European Law Journal, 13(5), 611–622.
Eriksen, E. (2008). The EU: A cosmopolitan vanguard? Paper to the ECPR fourth pan-European conference on EU politics, University of Latvia, Riga. http://www.jhubc.it/ecpr-riga/virtualpaperroom/038.pdf. Accessed 13 Mar 2012.
Etzioni, A. (1965). Political unification. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
Follesdal, A. (2001). Union citizenship: Unpacking the beast of burden. Law and Philosophy, 20(3), 313–343.
Follesdal, A. (2007). If Union citizenship is the right answer, what is the question? In S. Piattoni & R. Scartezzini (Eds.), European citizenship: Theories, arenas, levels (pp. 123–134). Baden-Baden: Nomos. http://www.follesdal.net/publ.htm. Accessed 12 Sept 2011.
Foret, F. (2003). L’Europe comme tout: La représentation symbolique de l’Union européenne dans le discours institutionnel. In S. Saurugger (Ed.), Les modes de représentation dans l’Union européenne (pp. 177–204). Paris: L’Harmattan.
Foret, F. (2008). Légitimer l’Europe. Pouvoir et symbolique à l’ère de la gouvernance. Paris: Sciences Po.
Foret, F. (2010). European political rituals: A challenging tradition in the making. International Political Anthropology, 3(1), 55–77.
Fornäs, J. (2012). Signifying €urope. Bristol: Intellect.
Fragnière, G. (1995). Walter Hallstein ou…une pédagogie politique pour la Fédération européenne. Bruxelles: Presses interuniversitaires européennes.
Geuss, R. (1994). Nietzsche and genealogy. European Journal of Philosophy, 2(3), 274–292.
Goudappel, F. (2010). The effects of EU citizenship: Economic, social and political rights in a time of constitutional change. The Hague: T.M.C. Asser Press.
Gouzy, J. P. (1968). Les Pionniers de l’Europe communautaire. Lausanne: Fondation Jean Monnet pour l’Europe et Centre de recherches européennes.
Haas, E. (1958). The uniting of Europe: Political, social, and economic forces 1950–57. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Habermas, J. (2001). Why Europe needs a constitution. New Left Review, 11, 5–26.
Hallstein, W. (1958, July 3). Address by Professor Walter Hallstein, President of the Commission of the European Economic Community, at the opening of the conference of the member states of the European Economic Community. Stresa.
Hallstein, W. (1959, November 10). Europe is on the move: Political and economic policies. Speech by Professor Dr. Walter Hallstein, President of the Commission, European Economic Community, delivered to the Royal Institute of International Relations. Brussels.
Hallstein, W. (1960, June 24) Speech at the Joint session of the EP and the Consultative Assembly of the Council of Europe
Hallstein, W. (1962a). United Europe: Challenge and opportunity. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Hallstein, W. (1962b, April 17). The economics of European integration. The William L. Clayton Lecture Series, 1961–1962. Delivered by Professor Walter Hallstein, President of the Commission of the European Economic Community, at the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, Tufts University. Medford, Massachusetts.
Hallstein, W. (1962c, October 22). The European communities as the foundation of the political union of Europe. Address by Professor Dr. Walter Hallstein, President of the Commission of the European Economic Community, before the Europa-Union. Bad Godesberg.
Hallstein, W. (1962d, December 10). Address by Professor Dr. Walter Hallstein, President of the Commission of the European Economic Community, delivered at the opening of the European conference on social security. Brussels.
Hallstein, W. (1962e, April 2). The establishment of European unity. Summary of an address by Professor Walter Hallstein, President of the Commission of the European Economic Community, to Dutch students. The Hague.
Hallstein, W. (1963, April). The European Community, a new path to peaceful union. Lectures given by Prof. Walter Hallstein, President of the Commission of the European Economic Community, to the Indian Council for Cultural Relations in memory of Maulana Abul Kalam Azad.
Hallstein, W. (1964a). The unity of the drive for Europe. Address by Professor Dr. Walter Hallstein, President of the Commission of the European Economic Community, at the opening session of the seventh conference of European local authorities. Rome, 15 October.
Hallstein, W. (1964b, March 19). Speech on the occasion of the ceremony of laying the inaugural stone of the new building made available to the European School by the Belgian government. Brussels.
Hallstein, W. (1964c, December 4). Some of our ‘faux problemes’. Speech by Walter Hallstein, President of the Commission of the European Economic Community. Fourteenth Sir David Stevenson memorial lecture of the Royal Institute of International Affairs, Chatham House, Community Topics 17. London.
Hallstein, W. (1965, April 24). Address given at the opening of the Hanover Fair by Professor Dr. Walter Hallstein, President of the Commission of the European Economic Community. Hanover.
Hallstein, W. (1969, May 5). Speech (on European integration) delivered by Professor Dr. Walter Hallstein, President of the European Movement, to the European Luncheon Club. London.
Hallstein, W. (1972). Europe in the making. London: Allen and Unwin.
Harrison, J., & Pukallus, S. (2015). The European Community’s public communication policy 1951–1967. Contemporary European History, 24(2), 233–251.
Held, D. (2010). Cosmopolitanism: Ideals and realities. London: Polity Press.
Hooghe, L. (2001). The European Commission and the integration of Europe. Images of governance. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Hopf, T. (2002). Social construction of international politics: Identities and foreign policies. Ithaca/London: Cornell University Press.
Israel, J. (2011). A revolution of the mind. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Jamieson, L. (2002). Theorising identity, nationality and citizenship: Implications for European citizenship identity. Sociológia, 34(6), 507–532.
Jansen, T., & Mahncke, D. (Eds.). (1981). Persönlichkeiten der Europäischen Integration. Vierzehn Biographische Essays. Bonn: Europa Union Verlag GmbH.
Kaiser, W. (2011). From great men to ordinary citizens? The biographical approach to narrating European integration in museums. Culture Unbound, 3, 385–400.
Kalmo, H., & Skinner, Q. (2010). Introduction: A concept in fragments. In H. Kalmo & Q. Skinner (Eds.), Sovereignty in fragments. The past, present and future of a contested concept (pp. 1–25). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Kohnstamm, M. (1982). Jean Monnet ou le pouvoir de l’imagination. Lausanne: Fondation Jean Monnet pour l’Europe et Centre de recherches européennes.
Kostakopoulou, D. (2001). Citizenship, identity and immigration in the European Union. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
Kostakopoulou, D. (2005). Ideas, norms and European citizenship: Explaining institutional change. The Modern Law Review, 68(2), 233–267.
Kostakopoulou, D. (2007). European Union citizenship: Writing the future. European Law Journal, 13(5), 623–646.
Kostakopoulou, D. (2008). The evolution of European Union citizenship. European Political Science, 7, 285–295.
Krumrey, J. (2013). Staging Europe. The symbolic politics of European integration during the 1950s and 1960s. PhD thesis, European University Institute.
Lehning, P. (2001). European citizenship: Towards a European identity? Law and Philosophy, 20(3), 239–282.
Lerner, D., & Gordon, M. (1969). Euratlantica: Changing perspectives of the European elites. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Levi-Sandri, L. (1962, June 14). Address by M. Levi Sandri, President of the Social Affairs Group of the Commission of the European Economic Community, to the 46th International Labour Conference, Geneva.
Levi-Sandri, L. (1964). Address (on social security) by M. Lionello Levi Sandri, Vice-President of the EEC Commission, President of the Social Affairs Group, before the XVth General Assembly of the International Social Security Association.
Loth, W. (2007). Walter Hallstein, a committed European. In M. Dumoulin (Ed.), The European Commission, 1958–72. History and memories (pp. 79–90). Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities.
Loth, W., & Bitsch, M. T. (2007). The Hallstein Commission 1958–67. In M. Dumoulin (Ed.), The European Commission, 1958–72. History and memories (pp. 51–78). Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities.
Loth, W., Wallace, W., & Wessels, W. (Eds.). (1998). Walter Hallstein: The forgotten European. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Ludlow, N. P. (1998). Frustrated ambitions: The European Commission and the formation of a European identity, 1958–1967, obtained via personal communication.
Ludlow, N. P. (2006). The European Community and the crises of the 1960s: Negotiating the Gaullist challenge. London: Routledge.
Lukaszewski, J. (1984). Jean Rey. Lausanne: Fondation Jean Monnet pour l’Europe et Centre de recherches européennes.
Maas, W. (2007). Creating European citizens. Lanham/Plymouth: Rowman & Littlefield.
Maas, W. (2013). Varieties of multilevel citizenship. In W. Maas (Ed.), Multilevel citizenship (pp. 1–21). Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.
Magnette, P. (1998). European citizenship from Maastricht to Amsterdam: The narrow path of legitimation. Journal of European Integration, 21(1), 37–69.
Magnette, P. (1999). La Citoyenneté européenne: droits, politiques, institutions. Bruxelles: Editions de l’Université de Bruxelles.
Magnette, P. (2007). How can one be European? Reflections on the pillars of European civic identity. European Law Journal, 13(5), 664–679.
Mahon, M. (1992). Foucault’s Nietzschean genealogy: Truth, power and the subject. Albany: State University of New York Press.
Manners, I. (2011). Symbolism in European integration. Comparative European Politics, 9(3), 243–268.
Marshall, T. H. (1992). Citizenship and social class. London: Pluto Press.
Massey, D. (2005). For space. London: Sage.
Mayer, R. (1956, February 16). Address (on progress toward European integration) delivered by M. Rene Mayer, President of the High Authority of the European Community for Coal and Steel, at the New York Council on Foreign Relations, New York.
Mayer, R. (1957, May 14). Address (on the annual report) by M. Rene Mayer, President of the High Authority [ECSC] to the Common Assembly, Strasbourg.
Meehan, E. (1993). Citizenship and the European Community. London: Sage.
Meehan, E. (1996). European integration and citizens’ rights: A comparative perspective. Publius, 26(4), 99–121.
Meehan, E. (2000). Citizenship and the European Union. ZEI Discussion Paper C 63.
Monnet, J. (1952, Avril 30). Allocution de monsieur Jean Monnet au National press club, Washington, DC.
Monnet, J. (1954). A living reality, The United States of Europe has begun. The European Coal and Steel Community—Speeches and addresses by Jean Monnet, 1952–1954.
Monnet, J. (1962). A ferment of change. Journal of Common Market Studies, 3(1), 203–211.
Monnet, J. (1964). L’Europe et l’organisation de la paix. Lausanne: Fondation Jean Monnet pour l’Europe et Centre de recherches européennes.
Neunreither, K. (1995). Citizens and the exercise of power in the European Union: Towards a new social contract? In A. Rosas & E. Antola (Eds.), A citizens’ Europe: In search of a new order (pp. 1–18). London: Sage.
Nicoll, W., & Salmon, T. (1997). Building European Union: A documentary history and analysis. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
Nugent, N. (2001). The European Commission. Basingstoke: Palgrave macmillan.
O’Leary, S. (1996). The evolving concept of community citizenship: From the free movement of persons to Union citizenship. London: Kluwer Law International.
Offe, C. (2000 Manuscript, Sept). Is there, or can there be, a ‘European society’? http://www4.soc.unitn.it:8080/poloeuropeo/content/e64/e385/e395/offe-Europeansociety_ita.pdf. Accessed 14 Oct 2011.
Offe, C. (2002). The democratic welfare state: A European regime under the strain of European integration. http://www.eurozine.com/articles/2002-02-08-offe-en.html. Accessed 4 Apr 2015.
Olsen, E. D. H. (2008). The origins of European citizenship in the first two decades of European integration. Journal of European Public Policy, 15(1), 40–57.
Olsen, E. D. H. (2012). Transnational citizenship in the European Union: Past, present and future. London/New York: Continuum Books.
Pantel, M. (1999). Unity-in-diversity: Cultural policy and EU legitimacy. In T. Banchoff & M. Smith (Eds.), Legitimacy and the European Union: The contested polity (pp. 46–65). London: Routledge.
Petit, I. (2006). Dispelling a myth? The fathers of Europe and the construction of a Euro-identity. European Law Journal, 12(5), 661–679.
Piela, I. (2012). Walter Hallstein—Jurist und gestaltender Europapolitiker der ersten Stunde: Politische und institutionelle Visionen des ersten Präsidenten der EWG-Kommission (1958–1967). Berlin: Bwv Berliner-Wissenschaft.
Podkalicka, A., & Shore, C. (2010). Communicating Europe? EU Communication policy and cultural politics. In C. Valentini & G. Nesti (Eds.), Public communication in the European Union: History, perspectives and challenges (pp. 93–112). Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars.
Pourvoyeur, R. (1981). La Politique de l’information de la Communauté européenne. Revue du Marché Commun, 246, 192–204. Paris.
Prentoulis, N. (2001). On the technology of collective identity: Normative reconstructions of the concept of EU citizenship. European Law Journal, 7(2), 196–218.
Rabier, J. R. (1965). L’information des Européens et l’integration de l’Europe. Leçons données le 17 et 18 février 1965. Bruxelles: Université Libre de Bruxelles.
Roche, M. (1997). Citizenship and exclusion: Reconstructing the European Union. In M. Roche & R. Van Berkel (Eds.), European citizenship and social exclusion (pp. 3–22). Aldershot: Ashgate.
Rosas, A., & Antola, E. (Eds.). (1995). A citizens’ Europe: In search of a new order. London: Sage.
Ruggie, J. G. (1993). Territoriality and beyond: Problematizing modernity in international relations. International Organization, 47(1), 139–174.
Ruggie, J. G. (1998). Constructing the world polity: Essays on international institutionalization. New York: Routledge.
Sandel, M. (2005). Public philosophy: Essays on morality and politics. Cambridge, MA: London: Harvard University Press.
Schmitter, P. (2000). How to democratize the European Union … and why bother? Oxford: Rowman and Littlefield.
Schnapper, D. (1997). The European debate on citizenship. Daedalus, 126(3), 199–222.
Schrag Sternberg, C. (2013). The struggle for EU legitimacy. Public contestation, 1950–2005. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Schulz-Forberg, H. (2012). On the historical origins of the EU’s current crisis or the hypocritical turn of European integration. In E. Chiti et al., (Eds.), The European rescue of the European Union? ARENA Report, 3, 12, 15–36.
Schuster, L., & Solomos, J. (2002). Rights and wrongs across European borders: Migrants, minorities and citizenship. Citizenship Studies, 6(1), 37–54.
Seidel, K. (2010). The process of politics in Europe: The rise of European elites and supranational institutions. London: IB Tauris.
Shaw, J. (2007). The transformation of citizenship in the European Union: Electoral rights and the restructuring of political space. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Shore, C. (2000). Building Europe: The cultural politics of European integration. London: Routledge.
Shore, C. (2004). Whither European citizenship? Eros and civilization revisited. European Journal of Social Theory, 7(1), 27–44.
Skinner, Q. (2008). Reason and rhetoric in the philosophy of Hobbes. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Sonntag, A. (2010). Political symbols, citizenship and communication, paper presented at the communicating European citizenship conference, 22 March, London. http://www.uaces.org/pdf/papers/1002/Sonntag.pdf. Accessed 25 July 2012.
Spierenburg, D., & Poidevin, R. (1994). The history of the High Authority of the European Coal and Steel Community. Supranationality in operation. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson.
Stevenson, N. (2003). Cultural citizenship: Cosmopolitan questions. Maidenhead: Open University Press.
Stevenson, N. (2005). European cosmopolitanism and civil society: Questions of culture, identity and citizenship. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/751/2/euroeuroarticle11.pdf. Accessed 12 June 2012.
Theiler, T. (2005). Political symbolism and European integration. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
Van der Harst, J. (2007). Sicco Mansholt: Courage and conviction. In M. Dumoulin (Ed.), The European Commission, 1958–72. History and memories (pp. 165–180). Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities.
Van Helmont, J. (1981). Jean Monnet comme il était. Lausanne: Fondation Jean Monnet pour l’Europe et Centre de recherches européennes.
Van Oudenaren, J. (2005). Uniting Europe: An introduction to the European Union (2nd ed.). Lanham/Oxford: Rowman & Littlefield.
Vink, M. (2004). The unbearable lightness of European citizenship. Citizenship, Social and Economics Education, 6(1), 24–33.
Vink, M. (2005). Limits of European citizenship: European integration and domestic immigration policies. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Waever, O. (2009). Discursive approaches. In A. Wiener & T. Diez (Eds.), European integration theory (2nd ed., pp. 163–180). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Warleigh, A. (2001). Purposeful opportunists? EU institutions and the struggle over European citizenship. In R. Bellamy & A. Warleigh (Eds.), Citizenship and governance in the European Union (pp. 19–40). London: Continuum.
Weale, A. (2005). Democratic citizenship and the European Union. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
Weber, M. (1949). “Objectivity” in social science and social policy. http://anthropos-lab.net/wp/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/Weber-objectivity-in-the-social-sciences.pdf. Accessed 14 Oct 2014.
Weber, M. (1978). Economy and society (Vols. 1 & 2, Eds. G. Roth, & C. Wittich). Berkeley: University of California Press.
Wiener, A. (1997). Making sense of the new geography of citizenship: Fragmented citizenship in the European Union. Theory and Society, 26(4), 529–560.
Wiener, A. (1998). European citizenship practice: Building institutions of a non-state. Oxford: Perseus.
Zuleeg, M. (2003). Der Beitrag Walter Hallsteins zur Zukunft Europas: Referate zu Ehren von Walter Hallstein. Baden-Baden: Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Copyright information
© 2016 The Author(s)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Pukallus, S. (2016). A Civil Europe. In: Representations of European Citizenship since 1951. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-51147-8_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-51147-8_1
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-137-51146-1
Online ISBN: 978-1-137-51147-8
eBook Packages: Political Science and International StudiesPolitical Science and International Studies (R0)