Abstract
In this chapter, Hayes offers thoughts on the concept of violence as a sociological, political, and social category. Arguing that the current conjuncture of the terror wars can be productively read as a colonizing effort aimed at Muslim subjects, the chapter additionally traces claims to and about violence in political theory, continental thought, and anthropology. Hayes then goes on to argue for rhetorical cartography within the terror wars as a means to explore subjectivity. Drawing from Foucauldian insights about the subject, Hayes explores the possibilities that colonized Muslim subjects within the terror wars may have for a shift into resistive subjectivities, prompting counter-hegemonies within Muslim populations.
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Notes
- 1.
Michel Foucault, “The Subject and Power,” Critical Inquiry 8, no. 4 (Summer 1982), 778. All gendered language in these citations taken from the original essay and preserved only for professional accuracy.
- 2.
Foucault, “The Subject and Power,” 781.
- 3.
Bureau of Investigative Journalism Statistics on Drone Strikes, “Drone War,” https://www.thebureauinvestigates.com/category/projects/drones/. At the time of this manuscript’s completion, the numbers account for all strikes known about from the beginning of drone use by the CIA in the terror wars in 2004 through June 6, 2015.
- 4.
“Living Under Drones: Death, Injury, and Trauma to Civilians From US Drone Practices in Pakistan,” http://chrgj.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/Living-Under-Drones.pdf, 80.
- 5.
“Living Under Drones,” 81.
- 6.
“Living Under Drones,” 82-83.
- 7.
“Living Under Drones,” 84.
- 8.
Foucault, “The Subject and Power,” 789.
- 9.
Ibid., 789-790.
- 10.
Frantz Fanon, The Wretched of the Earth (New York: Grove Press, 1963/2004), 16-17.
- 11.
Achille Mbembe, “Necropolitics,” Public Culture 15, no. 1 (2003), 11.
- 12.
Mbembe, “Necropolitics,” 12.
- 13.
Ibid., 14.
- 14.
Ibid., 26.
- 15.
Ibid., 27–29.
- 16.
Deepa Kumar, Islamophbia and the Politics of Empire Chicago, IL: Haymarket Books, 2012), 117-118.
- 17.
Steven Salaita’s case has been discussed in a number of outlets. Most recent to this manuscript’s completion include a series of stories at Inside Higher Ed (https://www.insidehighered.com/news/2015/01/02/u-illinois-faculty-panel-issues-mixed- report-aborted-hiring-steven-salaita and https://www.insidehighered.com/views/2015/07/31/essay-salaita-controversy-after-one- year-and-continuing-concerns-about-academic).
- 18.
Mbembe, “Necropolitics,” 34.
- 19.
Scott Wilson, “In Gaza, Lives Shaped by Drones,” The Washington Post (December 3, 2011), https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/in-gaza-lives-shaped- by-drones/2011/11/30/gIQAjaP6OO_story.html.
- 20.
Mbembe, “Necropolitics,” 37.
- 21.
Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak, “Quotes,” http://www.shmoop.com/spivak/quotes.html.
- 22.
Spivak, “Quotes.”
- 23.
Lila Abu-Lughod, “Do Muslim Women Really Need Saving? Anthropological Reflections on Cultural Relativism and Its Others,” American Anthropologist 104, no. 3 (September 2002), 784.
- 24.
Judith Butler, Frames of War: When is Life Grievable? (London: Verso Paperback, 2010), 4-5.
- 25.
Slavoj Žižek, Violence: Six Sideways Reflections (New York: Picador Press, 2008), 8.
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Hayes, H.A. (2016). Violent Subjects. In: Violent Subjects and Rhetorical Cartography in the Age of the Terror Wars. Rhetoric, Politics and Society. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-48099-6_4
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