Skip to main content

Media and the Neoliberal Agenda Within Political Socialization

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Book cover Political Socialization of Youth

Abstract

The presentation of media, both in formal and informal manner, affects youth political socialization and agency. Media can include a wide range of elements, such as television, the Internet, social media, graffiti, and literature. Media can be very influential in the way youth view and perceive their world and reality. Historically, media has been discussed in a linear way, such as including only dominant news sources, without considering alternative media in the community. The multiple narratives of media have been ignored, especially when considering youth agency and political socialization. This chapter will focus on the interaction of the effect of media, both formal and informal, that is shaping the national narrative, community political discourse, and the interaction of youth political socialization. For example, one 12-year-old female participant from a city wrote about watching TV with her father and seeing children crying. The youth asked her father why the children were crying and her father responded, “the occupation expelled them from their own country, and now they don’t have water, food, or homes to sleep in.” Media as a source of political information can impact Palestinian youth’s political socialization interactions and communications.

I woke up in the morning of January 15, 2009 and was hoping that the Gaza sorrows had ended, and a new day full of hope [had] begun. But unfortunately, while I [was] watching TV I noticed that the situation [had] worsened. [T]he news was that the martyrs of 17 citizens and the injury of 65 citizens during the air strikes on al-Zaytoun neighborhood … children are dying every day. We are silent, [we] wait, and cannot do anything. I hope that someday I wake up and I see no grieving in Gaza.

14-year-old male from a village

While I [was] watching TV with my family, I saw the famine in Africa. Africans as well as Palestinians are deprived of everything. As an example: American children have everything. We are not greedy, all we want is to free Palestine because we want to know our country and its landmarks, especially Jerusalem—many children dream to visit it, and there are many that [have been] born, grew up, and died without seeing Jerusalem.

12-year-old female from a city

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 79.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 99.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Asthana, A., & Havandjian, N. (2016). Palestinian youth media and the pedagogie of estrangement. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Asthana, S., & Havandjian, N. (2013). Youth media imaginaries in Palestine: A hermeneutic exploration. European Scientific journal, 2, 178–190.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ayish, N. (2011). Palestinians, Arab American Muslims, and the media. In I. Nasser, L. N. Berlin, & S. Wong (Eds.), Examining education, media, and dialogue under occupation: The case of Palestine and Israel (pp. 97–109). Toronto: Multilingual Matters.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bahry, L. (2001). The new Arab media phenomenon: A Qatar’s Al-Jazeera. Middle East Policy, 8(2), 88–99.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bakker, T., & deVreese, C. (2011). Good news for the future? Young people, internet use, and political participation. Communication Research, 38(4), 451–470.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barnhurst, K. (2011). The new “media affect” and the crisis of representation for political communication. International Journal of Press/Politics, 16(4), 573–593.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bayat, A. (2010). Life as politics: How ordinary people change the Middle East. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Bennett, L., Wells, C., & Freelon, D. (2011). Communicating civic engagement: Contrasting models of citizenship in the youth web sphere. Journal of Communication, 61, 835–856.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bennett, W. L. (2008). Changing citizenship in the digital age. In W. L. Bennett (Ed.), Civic life online: Learning how digital media can engage youth (pp. 1–24). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bishara, A. (2008). Palestinian street: The media, the state, and the representational interventions. Cultural Anthropology, 23(3), 488–530.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bradford, V. (2006). Neoliberal epideictic: Rhetorical form and commemorative politics on September 11, 2002. Quarterly Journal of Speech, 92(1), 1–27.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chakravartty, P., & Schiller, D. (2010). Neoliberal newspeak and digital capitalism in crisis. International Journal of Communication, 4, 670–692.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coleman, R., Lieber, P., Mendelson, A., & Kurpius, D. (2008). Public life and the internet: If you build a better website, will citizens become engaged? New Media and Society, 10(2), 179–201.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Conway, J. (2003). Civil resistance and the “diversity of tactics” in the anti-globalization movement: Problems of violence, silence, and solidarity in activist politics. Osgoode Hall Law Journal, 41(2–3), 505–530.

    Google Scholar 

  • De Zuniga, H., Puig-I-Aberilp, E., & Rojas, H. (2009). Weblogs, traditional sources online and political participation: An assessment of how the internet is changing the political environment. New Media and Society, 11(4), 553–574.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dimitrov, D., Shehata, A., Strömbäck, J., & Nord, L. (2011). The effects of digital media on political knowledge and participation in election campaigns: Evidence from panel data. Communication Research, 41(1), 95–118.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Evans, M. (2011). Exacerbating social cleavages: The media’s role in Israel’s religious-secular conflict. Middle East Journal, 50(2), 235–251.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fenton, N. (2011). Deregulation or democracy? New media, news, neoliberalism and the public interest. Continuum: Journal of Media and Cultural Studies, 25(1), 63–72.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Giroux, H. (2011). The crisis of public values in the age of the new media. Critical Studies in Media Communication, 28(1), 8–29.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Giroux, H. (2013). The Quebec student protest movement in the age of neoliberal terror. Social Identities, 19(5), 515–535.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gordon, H. R., & Taft, J. K. (2011). Rethinking youth political socialization: Teenage activists talk back. Youth and Society, 43(4), 1499–1527.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Habashi, J., & Worley, J. (2014). Children’s projected political preference: Transcending local politics. Children’s Geographies, 12(2), 205–218.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hoffman, L., & Thomson, T. (2009). The effect of television viewing on adolescents’ civic participation: Political efficacy as a mediating mechanism. Journal of Broadcasting and Electronic Media, 53(1), 3–21.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Holt, K., Shehata, A., Stromback, J., & Ljungberg, E. (2013). Age and the effects of news media attention and social media use on political interest and participation: Do social media function as leveller? European Journal of Communications, 28(1), 19–34.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hooghe, M. (2004). Political socialization and the future of politics. Acta Politica, 39, 331–341.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ismail, A. (2008). Mission statehood: Portraits of the second Palestinian Intifada in the US news media. Media, War and Conflict, 1(2), 177–201.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Iyergar, S., & Hahn, K. (2009). Red media, blue media: Evidence of ideological selectivity in media use. Journal of communication, 59, 19–39.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kennelly, J. (2011). Citizen youth: Culture, activism, and agency in a neoliberal era. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Kiousis, S., McDevitt, M., & Wu, X. (2005). The Genesis of civic awareness: Agenda setting in political socialization. Journal of Communication, 55(4), 756–774.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kubey, R. (2004). Media literacy and the teaching of civics and social studies of the dawn of the 21st century. The American Behavioral Scientist, 48(10), 69–77.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lee, N., Shah, D., & McLeod, J. (2012). Processes of political socialization: A communication mediation approach to youth civic engagement. Communication Research, 20(10), 1–29.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lin, W., Cheong, P., Kim, Y., & Jung, J. (2010). Becoming citizens: Youths’ civic uses of new media in five digital cities in East Asia. Journal of Adolescent Research, 25(6), 839–857.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Maki, K. (2011). Neoliberal deviants and surveillance: Welfare recipients under the watchful eye of Ontario works. Surveillance and Society, 9(1–2), 47–63.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mazawi, A. (2013). Contested regimes, civic dissent, and the political socialization of children and adolescents: The case of the Palestinian uprising. In O. Ichilov (Ed.), Citizenship and citizenship education in a changing world (3rd ed., pp. 83–97). New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • McChesney, R. (2001). Global media, neoliberalism, and imperialism. Monthly Review: An Independent Socialist Megazine, 52(1), 1–19.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McLeod, J., & Shah, D. (2009). Communication and political socialization: Challenges and opportunities for research. Political communication, 26, 1–10.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mellor, S. (2014). Australian reflections on learning to be citizens in and with the social web. In B. Loader, A. Vromen, & N. Xenos (Eds.), The networked young citizen (pp. 107–130). New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mullainathan, S., & Schleifer, A. (2005). The market for news. American Economic Review, 95, 1031–1053.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nisbet, E., & Myers, T. (2010). Challenging the state: Transnational TV and political identity in the Middle East. Political Communication, 27, 347–366.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Norman, J. (2009). Creative activism: Youth media in Palestine. Middle East Journal of Culture and Communication, 2, 251–274.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pasek, J., Kenski, K., & Romer, D. (2006). America’s youth and community engagement: How use of mass media in related of civic activity and political awareness in 140- to 22-year-olds. Communication Research, 33(3), 115–135.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pickard, V. (2007). Neoliberal visions and revisions in global communications policy from NWICO to WSIS. Journal of Communication Inquiry, 31(2), 118–139.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Quintelier, E., & Vissers, S. (2008). The effect of internet use on political participation: An analysis of survey results for 16-year-olds in Belgium. Social Science Computer Review, 26(4), 411–427.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rheingold, H. (2008). “Using participatory media and public voice to encourage civic engagement.” Civic life online: Learning how digital media can engage youth. In W. Lance Bennett (Ed.), The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation series on digital media and learning (pp. 97–118). Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Saeed, A. (2007). Media racism and Islamophobia: The representation of Islam and Muslims in the Middle East. Sociology Compass, 1(2), 443–462.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sapiro, V. (2004). Not your parents’ political socialization: Introduction for a new generation. Annual Review of Political Sciences, 7, 1–23.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Seongyi, Y., & Woo-Young, C. (2011). Political participation of teenagers in the informational era. Social Science Computer Review, 29(2), 242–249.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shah, D., McLeod, J., & Lee, N. (2009). Communication competence as a foundation for civic competence: Processes of socialization into citizenship. Political communication, 26, 102–117.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sloam, J. (2014). New voices, less equal the civic and political engagement of young people in the United States and Europe. Comparative Political Studies, 47(5), 663–688.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Strömbäck, J., & Shehata, A. (2010). Media malasie or virtuous circle? Exploring the casual relationships between news media exposure, political news attention and political interest. European Journal of Political Research, 49, 575–597.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Valenzuela, S., Arriagada, A., & Scherman, A. (2012). The social media basis of youth protest behavior: The case of Chile. Journal of Communication, 62, 299–314.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vitak, J., Zube, P., Smock, A., Carr, C., Ellision, N., & Lampe, C. (2010). It’s complicated: Facebook users’ political participation in the 2008 election. Behavior and Social Networking, 14(3), 107–114.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, D. (2004). Toward a contingent urban neoliberalism. Urban Geography, 25(8), 771–783.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wulf, V., Aal, K., Abu Ktesh, I., Atam, M., Schubert, K., Yerousis, G., et al. (2013). Fighting against the wall: Social media use by political activists in a Palestinian village. In ACM Annual Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI 2013), Paris, France. New York: ACM.

    Google Scholar 

  • Xenos, M., Vromen, A., & Loader, B. (2014). The great equalizer? Patterns of social media use and youth political engagement in three advanced democracies. Information, Communication and Society, 17(2), 151–167.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Youniss, J., Bales, S., Christmas-Best, V., Diversi, M., McLauglin, M., & Silbereisen, R. (2002). Youth civic engagement in the twenty-first century. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 12(1), 121–148.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, W., Johnson, T. J., Seltzer, T., & Bichard, S. (2010). The revolution will be networked: The influence of social networking sites on political attitudes and behavior. Social Science Computer Review, 26, 75–92.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Copyright information

© 2017 The Author(s)

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Habashi, J. (2017). Media and the Neoliberal Agenda Within Political Socialization. In: Political Socialization of Youth. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-47523-7_7

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-47523-7_7

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, New York

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-137-47522-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-137-47523-7

  • eBook Packages: Social SciencesSocial Sciences (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics