Abstract
This chapter first explores the ideology of English intellectualism that influenced the identities of Keynes and Massey: a notion of the ‘clerisy’ first articulated in the nineteenth century in England by the poet Coleridge. The chapter argues that the clerisy tradition, with its insistence on social responsibility for the man who had the benefit of an education at Oxford or Cambridge, influenced intellectuals and wealthy aesthetes to involve themselves in arts policy in Great Britain and Canada. The ideology of philanthropy, as articulated by Andrew Carnegie in the early twentieth century, shaped the identities and motivations of Massey and Elmhirst to use their wealth to fund cultural projects and get involved in arts policy recommendations. The chapter concludes that intellectuals and philanthropists shared common beliefs about their social roles, and they collaborated to establish cultural institutions, including arts councils.
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Upchurch, A.R. (2016). The Ideologies of English Intellectualism and of American Philanthropy. In: The Origins of the Arts Council Movement. New Directions in Cultural Policy Research. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-46163-6_3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-46163-6_3
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