Skip to main content

Protection Beyond Patriarchy, c. 1900–2000

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
The Security Society

Part of the book series: Crime Prevention and Security Management ((CPSM))

  • 318 Accesses

Abstract

The twentieth century saw a renewed attack on patriarchal protection from a number of angles. Most important of these was feminism, which challenged the idea that men protected women, pointing out that much male control constituted violence and terrorisation. The women’s movement led to the creation of women police, which challenged police masculinity, and women’s self-defence, which liberated women from male protection. Other challenges came from the partial withdrawal of the police from the streets due to new telephone and motor technologies, from wider countercultural attitudes to authority and loss of confidence amongst the authorities themselves, from rapidly rising crime rates, the emergence of Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design and situational crime prevention, and commercial security technologies and organisations. A political programme of responsibilisation created space for new entrepreneurs and forms of expertise to emerge, and the chapter analyses examples from the fields of self-defence and self-protection.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 89.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    The author purchased this edition, which is the third, 1985 printing, in a bookshop in Cambridge at some point in the late 1980s or early 1990s.

  2. 2.

    See https://www.nononsenseselfdefense.com/ last accessed 1 January 2019.

References

  • Adams, F., & Webster, G. (1986). Hands Off! Hap-ki-do Self-defence for Women. Norwich: Jarrold.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anonymous. (1909, December 18). The World of Women. Penny Illustrated Paper.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anonymous. (1916, March 15). Women Police. A Demand for Official Recognition. The Times.

    Google Scholar 

  • Atlas, R. I. (2008). 21st Century Security and CPTED: Designing for Critical Infrastructure Protection and Crime Prevention. Boca Raton, FL: Auerbach.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Barker-Benfield, G. J. (1992). The Culture of Sensibility: Sex and Society in Eighteenth-Century England. London: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barry, A., Osborne, T., & Rose, N. (Eds.). (1996). Foucault and Political Reason: Liberalism, Neo-Liberalism and Rationalities of Government. London: UCL Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bauman, Z. (2006). Liquid Fear. Cambridge: Polity.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beattie, J. M. (2012). The First English Detectives: The Bow Street Runners and the Policing of London, 1750–1840. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Black Belt. (1973, October). And the Boom Goes On. Black Belt Yearbook, pp. 67–71.

    Google Scholar 

  • Biffen, C., & Search, G. (1983). Hit Back! Self-Defence for Women. Glasgow: Fontana.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blackman, H., with Robinson, J., & Robinson, D. (1965). Honor Blackman’s Book of Self-defence. London: André Deutsch.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bland, L. (2002). Banishing the Beast: Feminism, Sex and Morality. London: Tauris Parke.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bowman, P. (2010). Theorising Bruce Lee: Film, Fantasy, Fighting, Philosophy. Amsterdam: Rodopi.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bowman, P. (2011). The Fantasy Corpus of Martial Arts, or, The ‘Communication’ of Bruce Lee. In D. S. Farrer & J. Whalen-Bridge (Eds.), Martial Arts as Embodied Knowledge: Asian Traditions in a Transnational World (pp. 61–96). Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bowman, P. (2013). Beyond Bruce Lee: Chasing the Dragon Through Film, Philosophy and Popular Culture. Chichester: Wallflower / Columbia University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Bowman, P. (2015). Martial Arts Studies: Disrupting Disciplinary Boundaries. London: Rowman and Littlefield.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, B. (1997). Global Bodies/Postnationalities: Charles Johnson’s Consumer Culture. Representations, 58, 24–48.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • The Budokwai. (n.d.). 100 Years of the Budokwai. Retrieved December 10, 2018, from http://www.budokwai.co.uk/history.

  • Burchell, G., Gordon, C., & Miller, P. (Eds.). (1991). The Foucault Effect: Studies in Governmentality. With Two Lectures by and an Interview with Michel Foucault. London: Harvester.

    Google Scholar 

  • Caignon, D., & Groves, G. (1989). Her Wits About Her: Self-Defence Success Stories. London: Women’s Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carlson, J. D. (2012). ‘I Don’t Dial 911’: American Gun Politics and the Problem of Policing. British Journal of Criminology, 52(6), 1113–1132.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carlson, J. D. (2014). States, Subjects and Sovereign Power: Lessons from Global Gun Cultures. Theoretical Criminology, 18(3), 335–353.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carter, P. (2001). Men and the Emergence of Polite Society: Britain, 1660–1800. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chow, D., & Spangler, R. (1982). Kung Fu: History, Philosophy, Technique. Orange, CA: Unique Publications. Originally Doubleday, 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clark, A. (1995). The Struggle for the Breeches: Gender and the Making of the British Working Class. London: University of California Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clarke, R. V. G. (1980). ‘Situational’ Crime Prevention: Theory and Practice. British Journal of Criminology, 20(2), 136–147.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Clarke, R. V. G. (2005). Seven Misconceptions of Situational Crime Prevention. In N. Tilley (Ed.), Handbook of Crime Prevention and Community Safety (pp. 39–70). Cullompton: Willan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Consterdine, P. (1997). Streetwise: The Complete Manual of Personal Security and Self Defence: Be Your Own Bodyguard. Leeds: Protection Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Consterdine, P. (2006). The Modern Bodyguard: The Complete Manual of Close Protection Training (4th ed.). Leeds: Protection Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Crowe, T. D. (2013). Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (3rd ed., Revised by L. J. Fennelly). Kidlington: Elsevier.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davies, C. (1975). Permissive Britain: Social Change in the Sixties and Seventies. London: Pitman.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dodsworth, F. (2007). Police and the Prevention of Crime: Commerce, Temptation and the Corruption of the Body Politic, from Fielding to Colquhoun. British Journal of Criminology, 47(3), 439–454.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dodsworth, F. (2008). The Idea of Police in Eighteenth-Century England: Discipline, Reformation, Superintendence, c. 1780–1800. Journal of the History of Ideas, 69(4), 583–604.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dodsworth, F. (2012). Men on a Mission: Masculinity, Violence and the Self-Presentation of Policemen in England, c. 1870–1914. In D. G. Barrie & S. Broomall (Eds.), A History of Police and Masculinities, 1700–2010 (pp. 123–140). London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dodsworth, F. (2014). Introduction to Volume 1: The Idea of Police. In F. Dodsworth (Ed.), The Making of the Modern Police: Volume 1: The ‘Idea’ of Policing (pp. xi–xxvi). P. Lawrence (General Ed.). London: Pickering and Chatto.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dodsworth, F. (2015). Epochalism and the Society of Security: Continuity and Change in Self-Defence Culture. In M. Lytje, T. K. Nielsen, & M. Ottovay Jorgensen (Eds.), Challenging Ideas? Theory and Empirical Research in the Social Sciences (pp. 88–107). Cambridge: Scholar Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dodsworth, F. (forthcoming). Fighting for the Right to the Streets: The Politics and Poetics of Protection in Women’s Self-Defence. In A. Philippopoulos-Mihalopoulos & S. Watson (Eds.), Spatial Justice in the City. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Draper, H. (1978). Private Police. London: Harvester.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dunning, E., & Hughes, J. (2013). Norbert Elias and Modern Sociology: Knowledge, Interdependence, Power, Process. London: Bloomsbury.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eisner, M. (2003). Long-Term Historical Trends in Violent Crime. Crime and Justice, 30, 83–142.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ericson, R. V., & Haggerty, K. D. (1997). Policing the Risk Society. Oxford: Clarendon.

    Google Scholar 

  • Farrer, D. S., & Whalen-Bridge, J. (Eds.). (2011a). Martial Arts as Embodied Knowledge: Asian Traditions in a Transnational World. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Farrer, D. S., & Whalen-Bridge, J. (2011b). Introduction: Martial Arts, Transnationalism, and Embodied Knowledge. In D. S. Farrer & J. Whalen-Bridge (Eds.), Martial Arts as Embodied Knowledge: Asian Traditions in a Transnational World (pp. 1–25). Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fletcher, J. (1997). Violence and Civilization: An Introduction to the Work of Norbert Elias. Cambridge: Polity.

    Google Scholar 

  • Foucault, M. (1980). The Confessions of the Flesh. In C. Gordon (Ed.), Power / Knowledge: Selected Interviews and Other Writings 1972–1977 (pp. 194–228). New York: Pantheon.

    Google Scholar 

  • Garland, D. (1996). The Limits of the Sovereign State: Strategies of Crime Control in Contemporary Society. British Journal of Criminology, 36(4), 445–471.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Garland, D. (2000). Ideas, Institutions and Situational Crime Prevention. In A. von Hirsch, D. Garland, & A. Wakefield (Eds.), Ethical and Social Perspectives on Situational Crime Prevention (pp. 1–16). Oxford: Hart.

    Google Scholar 

  • Garland, D. (2001). The Culture of Control: Crime and Social Order in Contemporary Society. London: University of Chicago Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Gilling, D. (1997). Crime Prevention: Theory, Policy and Practice. London: UCL Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Glaessner, V. (1974). Kung Fu: Cinema of Vengeance. London: Lorimer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Godfrey, E. (2010). Masculinity, Crime and Self-Defence in Victorian Literature: Duelling with Danger. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Godfrey, E. (2012). Femininity, Crime and Self-Defence in Victorian Literature and Society: From Dagger Fans to Suffragettes. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Goodger, B. C. (1981). The Development of Judo in Britain: A Sociological Study. PhD Thesis, University of London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goold, B., Loader, I., & Thumala, A. (2010). Consuming Security?: Tools for a Sociology of Security Consumption. Theoretical Criminology, 14(1), 3–30.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Greenblatt, S. (1980). Renaissance Self-Fashioning: From Moore to Shakespeare. London: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hargreaves, J., Husband, H., & Linehan, C. (2018). Police Workforce, England and Wales, 31 March 2018. Statistical Bulletin 11/18. London: Home Office.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harvin, A. (1972, September). Red Sun. Black Belt, pp. 36–39.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hayes, S. K. (2013). The Complete Ninja Collection. Black Belt Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heidensohn, F. (2008). Gender and Policing. In T. Newburn (Ed.), Handbook of Policing (2nd ed., pp. 642–665). Cullompton: Willan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hobbs, D., Hadfield, P., Lister, S., & Winlow, S. (2003). Bouncers: Violence and Governance in the Night-time Economy. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hollander, J. A. (2004). ‘I Can Take Care of Myself’: The Impact of Self-Defense Training on Women’s Lives. Violence Against Women, 10(3), 205–235.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hollander, J. A. (2014). Does Self-Defense Training Prevent Sexual Violence Against Women? Violence Against Women, 20(3), 252–269.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hollander, J. A. (2016). The Importance of Self-Defense Training for Sexual Violence Prevention. Feminism and Psychology, 26(2), 207–226.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hough, M., & Mayhew, P. (1983). The British Crime Survey: First Report. London: HMSO.

    Google Scholar 

  • Houseman, R. (1993). Unleash the Lioness: A Woman’s Guide to Fighting off Violent Attack. London: Hodder and Stoughton.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hunt, A. (1999). Governing Morals: A Social History of Moral Regulation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hunt, L. (2003). Kung Fu Cult Masters: From Bruce Lee to Crouching Tiger. London: Wallflower.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jackson, L. (2006). Women Police: Gender, Welfare and Surveillance in the Twentieth Century. Manchester: Manchester University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnston, L. (1992). The Rebirth of Private Policing. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Joyce, P. (1991). Visions of the People: Industrial England and the Question of Class, 1848–1914. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Joyce, P. (1994). Democratic Subjects: The Self and the Social in Nineteenth-Century England. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Kent, S. K. (1999). Gender and Power in Britain, 1640–1990. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Klein, J. (2010). Invisible Men: The Secret Lives of Police Constables in Liverpool, Manchester, and Birmingham. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kray, K. (2005). Ultimate Hard Bastards: The Truth about the Toughest Men in the World. London: John Blake.

    Google Scholar 

  • van Krieken, R. (1998). Norbert Elias. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Langford, P. (1989). A Polite and Commercial People: England, 1727–1783. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Latour, B. (2005). Reassembling the Social: An Introduction to Actor-Network-Theory. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Law, H., & Hassard, J. (1999). Actor Network Theory and After. Oxford: Blackwell.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee, B. (2008). The Tao of Jeet Kune Do. Valencia, CA: Black Belt Communications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leong, C. C., & Draeger, D. (1977). Phoenix-Eye Fist: A Shaolin Fighting Art of Southern China. New York: Weatherhill.

    Google Scholar 

  • Loader, I. (1999). Consumer Culture and the Commodification of Security and Policing. Sociology, 33(2), 373–392.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lu, J. (2011). Body, Masculinity, and Representation in Chinese Martial Arts Films. In D. S. Farrer & J. Whalen-Bridge (Eds.), Martial Arts as Embodied Knowledge: Asian Traditions in a Transnational World (pp. 97–119). Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • MacClaughlin, B. (1972, October). The Coming Rage in Entertainment. Black Belt Yearbook, pp. 14–22.

    Google Scholar 

  • Macek, S. (2006). Urban Nightmares: The Media, the Right, and the Moral Panic over the City. London: University of Minnesota Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Markus, H., & Nurius, P. (1986). Possible Selves. American Psychologist, 41(9), 954–969.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McCaughey, M. (1997). Real Knockouts: The Physical Feminism of Women’s Self-Defense. New York: New York University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Metropolitan Police. (1833). Police Information. Queen’s Square, 6 July. No date, paper watermarked 1833. The National Archives: MEPO 3: Metropolitan Police: Office of the Commissioner: Correspondence and Papers, Special Services, record 3/1.

    Google Scholar 

  • Metropolitan Police. (1852, July 14). The National Archives: MEPO 7: Metropolitan Police: Office of the Commissioner: Police Orders, record 7/131.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller, R. (2008). Meditations on Violence: A Comparison of Martial Arts Training and Real World Violence. Wolfeboro, NH: YMAA Publication Centre.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller, R. (2011). Facing Violence: Preparing for the Unexpected, Ethically, Emotionally, Physically (… and Without Going to Prison). Wolfeboro, NH: YMAA Publication Centre.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mort, F. (2010). Capital Affairs: London and the Making of the Permissive Society. London: Yale University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Muchembled, R. (2012). A History of Violence: From the End of the Middle Ages to the Present (J. Birrell, Trans.). Cambridge: Polity.

    Google Scholar 

  • Neocleous, M. (2000). The Fabrication of Social Order: A Critical Theory of Police Power. London: Pluto.

    Google Scholar 

  • Newburn, T., & Stanko, E. (Eds.). (1994). Just Boys Doing Business? Men, Masculinities and Crime. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Owings, C. (1925). Women Police: A Study of the Development of the Women Police Movement. London: Hitchcock.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pateman, C. (1989). The Disorder of Women: Democracy, Feminism and Political Theory. Cambridge: Polity.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pearson, G. (1983). Hooligan: A History of Respectable Fears. London: Macmillan.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Peterson, K. C. (1986). Mind of the Ninja: Exploring the Inner Power. Chicago, IL: Contemporary Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Petrow, S. (1994). Policing Morals: The Metropolitan Police and the Home Office, 1870–1914. Oxford: The Clarendon Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Quinn, K. (1993). Khaleghl Quinn’s Art of Self-Defence. London: Thorsons.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ray, L. (2013). Mark of Cain: Shame, Desire and Violence. European Journal of Social Theory, 16(3), 292–309.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reiner, R. (2000). The Politics of the Police (3rd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reynolds, E. (1998). Before the Bobbies: The Night Watch and Police Reform in Metropolitan London, 1720–1830. London: Macmillan.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Robinson, E., Schofield, C., Sutcliffe-Braithwaite, F., & Tomlinson, N. (2017). Telling Stories about Post-war Britain: Popular Individualism and the ‘Crisis’ of the 1970s. Twentieth-Century British History, 28(2), 268–304.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rose, N. (1999). Powers of Freedom: Reframing Political Thought. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Rose, N. (2000). Government and Control. British Journal of Criminology, 40, 321–339.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rouse, W. (2015). Jiu-Jitsuing Uncle Sam: The Unmanly Art of Jiu-Jitsu and the Yellow Peril Threat. Pacific Historical Review, 84(4), 448–477.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rouse, W. (2017). Her Own Hero: The Origins of the Women’s Self-Defense Movement. New York: New York University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Rycroft, S. (2011). Swinging City: A Cultural Geography of London, 1950–1974. Farnham: Ashgate.

    Google Scholar 

  • Searles, P., & Berger, R. J. (1987). The Feminist Self-Defense Movement: A Case Study. Gender and Society, 1(1), 61–84.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Secured by Design. (n.d.). About Secured by Design. Retrieved December 12, 2018, from http://www.securedbydesign.com/about-secured-by-design/.

  • Shoemaker, R. B. (2001). Male Honour and the Decline of Public Violence in Eighteenth-Century London. Social History, 23(2), 190–208.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shoemaker, R. B. (2002). The Taming of the Duel: Masculinity, Honour and Ritual Violence in London, 1660–1800. Historical Journal, 45(3), 525–545.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shoemaker, R. B. (2004). The London Mob: Violence and Disorder in Eighteenth-Century England. London: Hambledon.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shore, H. (1999). Artful Dodgers: Youth and Crime in Early 19th-Century London. London: Boydell.

    Google Scholar 

  • Silvestri, M. (2003). Women in Charge: Policing, Gender and Leadership. Cullompton: Willan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Simkin, S. (2006). Early Modern Tragedy and the Cinema of Violence. Basingstoke: Palgrave.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • South, N. (1988). Policing for Profit: The Private Security Sector. London: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Springhall, J. (1998). Youth, Popular Culture and Moral Panics: Penny Gaffs to Gangsta Rap, 1830–1996. London: Macmillan.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Storch, R. (1975). The Plague of the Blue Locusts: Police Reform and Popular Resistance in Northern England, 1840–57. International Review of Social History, 20(1), 61–90.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Storch, R. (1976). The Policeman as Domestic Missionary: Urban Discipline and Popular Culture in Northern England, 1850–1880. Journal of Social History, 9(4), 481–509.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stryker, S. (2007). Identity Theory and Personality Theory: Mutual Relevance. Journal of Personality, 75(6), 1083–1102.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stryker, S., & Burke, P. J. (2000). The Past, Present and Future of an Identity Theory. Social Psychology Quarterly, 63(4), 284–297.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stylianou, S. (2013). On the Doors: If You’re Not on the List, You’re Not Coming In (Kindle ed.). London: John Blake Publishing Ltd.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thompson, F. M. L. (1988). The Rise of Respectable Society: A Social History of Victorian Britain, 1830–1900. London: Fontana.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thompson, G. (2004a). Dead or Alive: The Choice Is Yours: The Definitive Self-Protection Handbook. Chichester: Summersdale.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thompson, G. (2004b). Three Second Fighter: The Sniper Option (Kindle ed.). Chichester: Summersdale.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thompson, G. (2009). Watch My Back (Kindle ed.). Chichester: Summersdale.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vandehey, T. (1989, May). The Ninja Phenomenon: Has It Truly Vanished or Is It Simply Rebuilding? Black Belt, pp. 36–40.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wacquant, L. (2011). Decivilizing and Demonizing: The Remaking of the Black American Ghetto. In C. Buschendorf, A. Franke, & J. Voelz (Eds.), Civilizing and Decivilizing Processes: Figurational Approaches to American Culture (pp. 149–173). Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Walby, S. (1990). Theorizing Patriarchy. Oxford: Blackwell.

    Google Scholar 

  • Walby, S., & Myhill, A. (2001). New Survey Methodologies in Measuring Violence Against Women. British Journal of Criminology, 41(3), 502–522.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Walby, S., Towers, J., & Francis, B. (2014). Mainstreaming Domestic and Gender-Based Violence into Sociology and the Criminology of Violence. The Sociological Review, 62(2), 187–214.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Walkowitz, J. (1980). Prostitution and Victorian Society: Women, Class and the State. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Walkowitz, J. (1992). City of Dreadful Delight: Narratives of Sexual Danger in Late Victorian London. London: Virago.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • West, D. (2006). Chasing Dragons: An Introduction to the Martial Arts Film. London: I.B. Taurus.

    Google Scholar 

  • Westmarland, L. (2001). Gender and Policing: Sex, Power and Police Culture. Cullompton: Willan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Whalen-Bridge, J. (2011). Some Versions of the Samurai: The Budō Core of DeLillo’s Running Dog. In D. S. Farrer & J. Whalen-Bridge (Eds.), Martial Arts as Embodied Knowledge: Asian Traditions in a Transnational World (pp. 29–60). Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • White, H. (1999). Figural Realism: Studies in the Mimesis Effect. London: The Johns Hopkins University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilkinson, I. (2001). Anxiety in a Risk Society. London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Williams, C. A. (2008). Constables for Hire: The History of Private ‘Public’ Policing in the UK. Policing and Society, 18(2), 190–205.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Williams, C. A. (2014). Police Control Systems in Britain, 1775–1975: From Parish Constable to National Computer. Manchester: Manchester University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Wolf, T. (Ed.). (2005). The Bartitsu Compendium: Volume 1: History and Canonical Syllabus. Raleigh, NC: Lulu Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wood, J., & Shearing, C. (2007). Imagining Security. Cullompton: Willan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wouters, C. (1999). Changing Patterns of Social Controls and Self-Controls: On the Rise of Crime since the 1950s and the Sociogenesis of a ‘Third Nature’. British Journal of Criminology, 39(3), 416–432.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wouters, C. (2004). Changing Regimes of Manners and Emotions: From Disciplining to Informalizing. In S. Loyal & S. Quigley (Eds.), The Sociology of Norbert Elias (pp. 193–211). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wyles, L. (1952). A Woman at Scotland Yard: Reflections on the Struggle and Achievement of Thirty Years in the Metropolitan Police. London: Faber & Faber.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zimmerman, R. (1979, January). Survey ’78. Black Belt ’78, 11th Annual Yearbook, pp. 50–56.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Francis Dodsworth .

Copyright information

© 2019 The Author(s)

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Dodsworth, F. (2019). Protection Beyond Patriarchy, c. 1900–2000. In: The Security Society. Crime Prevention and Security Management. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-43383-1_6

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-43383-1_6

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, London

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-137-43382-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-137-43383-1

  • eBook Packages: Law and CriminologyLaw and Criminology (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics