Abstract
The Glorious Revolution of 1688 produced a direct challenge to patriarchalism, and to the security of the state, which was threatened by a rival monarch supported by French military power and by internal discord and riot. Opponents of the Revolution appealed explicitly to the patriarchal principle to denounce the new regime; its Whig defenders responded by challenging patriarchalism while nevertheless trying to maintain their governing authority through the idea of the rule of law. They sought to assure the officers of local government of the legitimacy of their authority and encouraged them to see themselves as protecting the nation from monarchical tyranny and popular licentiousness. They configured liberty as a restrained condition between anarchy and tyranny and promoted a programme of moral reform as a way for supporters of the idea of a reformed Protestant kingdom to perform their commitment to the principles of reformation and revolution.
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Notes
- 1.
Gonson’s various charges were first published individually, in several editions, and then collected together and republished. Cross-referencing the English Short Title Catalogue with the editions available via the invaluable Eighteenth Century Collection Online suggests there were 14 versions of his charges available between 1728 and 1740. His first ‘Charge to the Grand Jury of the City and Liberty of Westminster’ went through three editions in 1728. His second charge was published twice, once along with his charge to the Royalty of the Tower of London, itself originally published separately. There was a collected edition of these three charges, and a second edition of the collection, before the publication of a fourth charge to the grand jury (confusingly, the third to City and Liberty of Westminster) in 1728 and then a fifth in 1729, upon which all five charges were published together, running to three editions in 1730; the fourth appeared in 1740 as Sir John Gonson’s Five Charges to Several Grand Juries (Gonson 1740).
- 2.
Daniel Dolins’ charges were advertised in the Evening Post, issue 2542, 6 Nov. 1725 and issue 2625, 19 May 1726; Daily Post, issue 1910, 8 Nov. 1725 and issue 1912, 10 Nov. 1725 (here Daniel Dolins is mistakenly named Samuel); London Journal, issue 383, 3 Dec. 1726. Gonson’s charges were mentioned in the London Evening Post, issue 131, 8 Oct. 1728; Read’s Weekly Journal Or British Gazetteer, issue 433, 7 July 1733 and issue 788, 13 Oct. 1739.
- 3.
It is demonstrated in Ashcraft and Goldsmith (1983) that the Political Aphorisms and The Judgement reproduce large sections of Locke’s Two Treatises, along with Robert Ferguson’s A Brief Justification of the Prince of Orange’s Descent into England; Gilbert Burnet’s An Enquiry into the Measures of Submission to the Supreme Authority and The Revolution Vindicated; Vindicae Contra Tyrannos; Clarendon’s History of the Great Rebellion; Whitlock’s Memorials; and Rushworth’s Historical Collections. These were all important sources for charge authors. The Political Aphorisms, The Revolution Vindicated, and A Brief Justification were also in A Collection of State Tracts. A major component of The Judgement which is not noted by Ashcraft and Goldsmith is Sidney’s Discourses, which is quoted from verbatim in several places, and the language and argument of the whole piece seems to owe as much to this as Locke. Indeed, it is worth pointing out that the very title of the second edition Vox Populi, Vox Dei appears in Sidney (1996: 69), although it appears that in The Judgement, 54–55, 147, this was taken from the declaration in favour of the Prince of Orange at Nottingham: see ‘The Declaration of the Nobility, Gentry and Commonalty at the Rendezvous at Nottingham, Nov. 22, 1688’, in State Tracts (1692: 436). One of the people present at this event was the Earl of Warrington, Lord Delamere, whose charges are mentioned here (Kenyon 1977: 6).
- 4.
This seems to be from Machiavelli’s Discourses (1996: 30), where the first three of these are listed in this order and this context, with Numa figuring centrally in the next chapter.
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Dodsworth, F. (2019). Patricians and the Rule of Law, c. 1670–1740. In: The Security Society. Crime Prevention and Security Management. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-43383-1_3
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