Abstract
Our study has explored how data on the social connections between people, insofar as they are linked to occupations, can shed light upon patterns of consequential social inequalities. There are many different ways of measuring and understanding long-term social inequalities, but we argued that the best understanding of all comes from a characterisation of social positions through empirical data on the social interaction patterns exhibited between detailed occupational categories. Specifically, in Chaps. 4, 5, and 6 we described in depth the ‘CAMSIS’ approach to constructing ‘Social Interaction Distance’ scales for occupations. We demonstrated how CAMSIS scales—that should be interpreted as measures of the average position in the stratification structure held by the incumbents of an occupation—provide useful, arguably optimal, measures of social stratification. The construction of CAMSIS scales raise complex issues, and results can be contingent upon low-level decisions made during the scale construction process, but these challenges are surmountable and they should not put us off from exploring and exploiting a very promising tool for understanding the social structure. The CAMSIS approach has been around for many decades, but the use of SID scales for occupations has recently enjoyed an upsurge in popularity, and this text incorporates some extended reference materials for people interested in the approach, and advice on the interpretation and exploitation of CAMSIS scales.
Bibliography
Atkinson, W. (2017). Class in the New Millennium: The Structure, Homologies and Experience of the British Social Space. London: Routledge.
Berkowitz, S. D. (1988). Markets and Market-Areas: Some Preliminary Formulations. In B. Wellman & S. D. Berkowitz (Eds.), Social Structures: A Network Approach (pp. 261–303). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Bingley, P., Corak, M., & Westergard-Nielsen, N. (2012). Equality of Opportunity and Intergenerational Transmission of Employers. In J. Ermisch, M. Jantti, & T. Smeeding (Eds.), From Parents to Children: The Intergenerational Transmission of Advantage (pp. 441–460). New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
Boorman, S. A., & White, H. C. (1976). Social Structure from Multiple Networks: Part II. Role Interlock. American Journal of Sociology, 81(6), 1384–1446.
Bourdieu, P. (1984). Distinction. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
Brynin, M., & Guveli, A. (2012). Understanding the Ethnic Pay Gap in Britain. Work, Employment and Society, 26(4), 574–587.
Charles, M., & Grusky, D. B. (2004). Occupational Ghettos: The Worldwide Segregation of Women and Men. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
Coxon, A. P. M., & Jones, C. L. (1978). The Images of Occupational Prestige: A Study in Social Cognition. London: Macmillan Press.
Devine, F. (2004). Class Practices: How Parents Help Their Children Get Good Jobs. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Dorling, D. (2010). Injustice: Why Social Inequality Persists. Bristol: The Policy Press.
Ermisch, J., Francesconi, M., & Siedler, T. (2006). Intergenerational Mobility and Marital Sorting. The Economic Journal, 116, 659–679.
Ermisch, J., Jantti, M., & Smeeding, T. (Eds.). (2012). From Parents to Children: The Intergenerational Transmission of Advantage. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
Friedman, S. (2014). The Price of the Ticket: Rethinking the Experience of Social Mobility. Sociology, 48(2), 352–368.
Fuhse, J. (2009). The Meaning Structure of Social Networks. Sociological Theory, 27(1), 51–73.
Goblot, E. (1961). Class and Occupation. In T. Parsons (Ed.), Theories of Society. New York: Free Press.
Goldthorpe, J. H. (2010). Analysing Social Inequality: A Critique of Two Recent Contributions from Economics and Epidemiology. European Sociological Review, 26(6), 731–744.
Granovetter, M. (1973). The Strength of Weak Ties. American Journal of Sociology, 78(6), 1360–1380.
Griffiths, D., & Lambert, P. S. (2012). Dimensions and Boundaries: Comparative Analysis of Occupational Structures Using Social Network and Social Interaction Distance Analysis. Sociological Research Online, 17(2), 5.
Hakim, C. (2000). Work-Lifestyle Choices in the 21st Century—Preference Theory. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Heath, A. F. (1981). Book Review: Social Stratification and Occupations. Sociology, 15(4), 620–623.
Jones, O. (2011). Chavs—The Demonisation of the Working Class. London: Verso.
Knoke, D. (2012). Economic Networks. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Laurison, D., & Friedman, S. (2016). The Class Pay Gap in Higher Professional and Managerial Occupations. American Sociological Reivew, 81(4), 668–695.
Lin, N. (1999). Social Networks and Status Attainment. Annual Review of Sociology, 25, 467–488.
McKenzie, L. (2015). Getting By: Estates, Class and Culture in Austerity Britain. Bristol: Policy Press.
Mercklé, P. (2012). Who Is Responsible for the Disappearance of Social Classes? Bulletin de Methodologie Socilogique, 116(1), 67–75.
Packard, V. (1959). The Status Seekers. London: Penguin.
Payne, G. (2017). The New Social Mobility: How the Politicians Got it Wrong. Bristol: Policy Press.
Saunders, P. (2010). Social Mobility Myths. London: CIVITAS: Institute for the Study of Civil Society.
Savage, M., Cunningham, N., Devine, F., Friedman, S., Laurison, D., McKenzie, L., Miles, A., Snee, H., & Wakeling, P. (2015). Social Class in the 21st Century. London: Pelican Books.
Savage, M., Devine, F., Cunningham, N., Taylor, M., Li, Y., Hjellbrekke, J., Le Roux, B., Friedman, S., & Miles, A. (2013). A New Model of Social Class: Findings from the BBC’s Great British Class Survey Experiment. Sociology, 47(2), 219–250.
Swift, A. (2004). Would Perfect Mobility be Perfect? European Sociological Review, 20(1), 1–11.
Waldinger, R., & Lichter, M. I. (2003). How the Other Half Works: Immigration and the Social Organization of Labor. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Young, M. (1958). The Rise of the Meritocracy 1870–2033. Harmondsworth: Penguin.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Copyright information
© 2018 The Author(s)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Lambert, P., Griffiths, D. (2018). Conclusions. In: Social Inequalities and Occupational Stratification. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-02253-0_12
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-02253-0_12
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-137-02252-3
Online ISBN: 978-1-137-02253-0
eBook Packages: Social SciencesSocial Sciences (R0)