Abstract
Following the exhaustive chapter by Bonnie Glaser detailing the world of think tanks, this chapter focuses on their impact on the policy-making process in China, exploring “limited interactions between the inner circle and the outer circle” to characterize this relationship. Special attention is paid to the channels between the policy makers and think tanks.
Quansheng Zhao is a professor of international relations and the director of the Center for Asian Studies at American University. Previously, Professor Zhao served as the director of the Division of Comparative and Regional Studies for three consecutive terms, from 1999 to 2008. He served as a research associate at Harvard University’s Fairbank Center for East Asian Research for many years. Professor Zhao is a specialist in international relations and comparative politics, focusing on East Asia. His major publications are Interpreting Chinese Foreign Policy (Oxford University Press, 1996) and Japanese Policymaking (Oxford University Press, 1993). He received his B.A. from Beijing University and M.A. and Ph.D. from the University of California, Berkeley. He completed one-year postdoctoral research at Harvard University.
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Notes
See Peter M. Haas, “Introduction: Epistemic Communities and International Policy Coordination,” International Organization 46, no. 1 (Winter 1992): 1–35.
See, for example, Zhu Xufeng, “The Influence of Think Tanks in the Chinese Policy Process: Different Ways and Mechanisms,” Asian Survey 49, no. 2 (March 2009): 333–357. For Zhu’s early work on this subject, see Zhu Xufeng, “China’s Think Tanks: Roles and Characteristics,” EAI Background Brief No. 306 (October 19, 2006).
He Li, “The Role of Think Tanks in Chinese Foreign Policy,” Problems of Post-Communism 49, no. 2 (March/April 2002): 33–43.
Murray Scot Tanner, “Changing Windows on a Changing China: The Evolving ‘Think Tank’ System and the Case of the Public Security Sector,” The China Quarterly 171 (September 2002): 559–574.
David Shambaugh, “China’s International Relations Think Tanks: Evolving Structure and Process,” The China Quarterly 171 (September 2002): 575–596.
Bonnie S. Glaser and Phillip C. Saunders, “Chinese Foreign Policy Research Institutes: Evolving Roles and Increasing Influence,” The China Quarterly 171 (September 2002): 597–616.
Bates Gill and James Mulvenon, “Chinese Military-Related Think Thanks and Research Institutions,” The China Quarterly 171 (September 2002): 617–624.
Barry Naughton, “China’s Economic Think Tanks: Their Changing Role in the 1990s,” The China Quarterly 171 (September 2002): 625–635.
See Alastair lain Johnston, “Chinese Middle Class Attitudes towards International Affairs: Nascent Liberalization?” The China Quarterly 179 (2004): 603–628.
See Xuanli Liao, Chinese Foreign Policy Think Tanks and China’s Policy toward Japan (Hong Kong: Chinese University Press, 2006).
Also see Michael Yahuda, “Chinese Foreign Policy Think Tanks and China’s Policy towards Japan,” Pacific Affairs 79, no. 3 (Fall 2006): 516.
See Quansheng Zhao, “Domestic Factors of Chinese Foreign Policy: From Vertical to Horizontal Authoritarianism,” The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 519 (January 1992): 159–176.
Gilbert Rozman, The Chinese Debate about Soviet Socialism: 1978–1985 (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1987).
Kalpana Misra, “Neo-Left and Neo-Right in Post-Tiananmen China,” Asian Survey 43, no. 5 (September/October 2003): 717–744.
Banning Garrett, “China Faces, Debates, the Contradictions of Globalization,” Asian Survey 41, no. 3 (May/June 2001): 409–427.
Bonnie S. Glaser and Phillip C. Saunders, “Chinese Foreign Policy Research Institutes: Evolving Roles and Increasing Influence,” The China Quarterly 171 (September 2002): 608–614.
Xufeng Zhu, “Government Advisors or Public Advocates? Roles of Think Tanks in China from the Perspective of Regional Variations,” The China Quarterly 207 (September 2011): 668–684.
Mahmood Ahmad and Raees Ahmad Mughal, “The Foreign Policy Think Tanks in China: Input, Access, and Opportunity,” Asian Affairs: An American Review 38, no. 3 (September 2011): 195–155.
Xufeng Zhu and Lan Xue, “Think Tanks in Transitional China,” Public Administration and Development 27, no. 5 (November 2007): 452–464.
Also see Bonnie Glaser and Evan Medeiros, “The Changing Ecology of Foreign Policy Making in China: The Ascension and Demise of the Theory of ‘Peaceful Rise’,” The China Quarterly 190 (June 2007): 291–311.
Song Qiang et al., Zhongguo keyi shuo bu (Beijing: Zhongua gongshang lianhe chubanshe, 1996).
Song Xiaojun et al., Zhongguo bu gaoxing (Nanjing: Jiangsu renmin chubanshe, 2009).
For Deng’s guidelines for Chinese foreign policy, see Quansheng Zhao, Interpreting Chinese Foreign Policy: the Micro-Macro Linkage Approach (New York and Hong Kong: Oxford University Press, 1996), 50–54.
Peter Hays Gries, China’s New Nationalism (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2004), 134.
Dingxin Zhao, “An Angle on Nationalism in China Today: Attitudes among Beijing Students after Belgrade 1999,” The China Quarterly 172 (December 2002): 885–905, 902.
Bates Gill and James Mulvenon, “Chinese Military-Related Think Thanks and Research Institutions,” The China Quarterly 171 (September 2002): 617–624.
Frank J. Schwartz and Susan J. Pharr (eds.), The State of Civil Society in Japan (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2003).
Frank Schwartz, “What Is Civil Society,” in Frank J. Schwartz and Susan J. Pharr (eds.), The State of Civil Society in Japan (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2003), 23–41.
Peter M. Haas, “Introduction: Epistemic Communities and International Policy Coordination,” International Organization 46, no. 1 (Winter 1992): 15.
Quoted from Bonnie S. Glaser and Phillip C. Saunders, “Chinese Foreign Policy Research Institutes: Evolving Roles and Increasing Influence,” The China Quarterly 171 (September 2002): 597.
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Zhao, Q. (2012). Moving Between the ‘Inner Circle’ and the ‘Outer Circle’: The Limited Impact of Think Tanks on Policy Making in China. In: Rozman, G. (eds) China’s Foreign Policy. Asan-Palgrave Macmillan Series. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137344076_6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137344076_6
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