Abstract
Poverty reduction has made a comeback in the agenda of international development agencies in the early 1990s, after almost three decades of being on the back burner.1 The unquestioned belief in the trickle-down model of development underlies the focus on market-oriented growth and global economic integration since the 1970s. As the benefits of economic liberalization have failed to assist the world’s poorest populations, various forms of social movements challenge the Asian states to become more accountable and responsive to basic human needs. Many grassroots organizations and NGOs look everywhere but the state to bring change based on alternative development paradigms. Simultaneously, development practitioners within the interstices of international agencies, national governments and civil society have begun to move in various directions to bring about alternative forms of sustainable development.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Abramovitz, M. (1986), ‘Catching Up, Forging Ahead, and Falling Behind’, Journal of Economic History 46: 385–06.
Angeles, J.V. (1997), ‘The Role of the Naga City Urban Poor Federation in the Passage of Pro-Poor Ordinances and Policies’, in Wui and Lopez, eds., StateCivil Society Relations in Policy-Making. Philippine Democracy Agenda, Vol. 2, Quezon City: Third World Studies Center: 113–24.
Angeles, L. (2003), ‘Gender Planning and Urban Governance in Social Service Delivery in Baguio City, Philippines’, in L. Drummond and K.C. Ho, eds. Critical Perspectives on Southeast Asian Cities, forthcoming, Singapore: Brill Press.
— (2002), ‘The Development and Security Implications of Global Restructuring in Export Manufacturing in Southeast Asia: The Case of Garments and Electronics Industries in the Philippines’, in Development and Security in Southeast Asia, eds., David Dewitt and Carolina Hernandez, Aldershot: Ashgate Press: 203–32.
Angeles, L. (2000a), ‘Globalization and the Asian Economic Crisis: Impact and Responses of Foreign Direct Investments in Export Manufacturing in Southeast Asia’, in G. Hainsworth, ed., Globalization and the Asian Economic Crisis: Institutional Responses, Coping Strategies, and Governance Reforms in Southeast Asia, Vancouver: UBC Institute of Asian Research: 357–83.
— (2000b), ‘Women, Bureaucracy and the Governance of Poverty: A Preliminary Study on the Integration of Gender and Participatory Governance in Social Service Delivery in Two Philippine Cities’, Philippine Political Science Journal, 21, 44: 53–98.
— (1999), ‘The Political Dimension of the Agrarian Question: Strategies of Resilience and Political Entrepreneurship of Agrarian Elite Families in a Philippine Province’, Rural Sociology 64 (4): 667–692.
— (1995), The Survival of Privilege: The Strategies of Political Resilience of Landed Oligarchic Families in the Philippines: 1945–1992, Ph.D. Dissertation, Queen’s University, Kingston, Canada.
— (1992), ‘Why the Philippines Did Not Become a Newly Industrializing Country’, Kasarinlan (A Philippine Quarterly of Third World Studies) 7 (2–3): 90–120.
Angeles, L. and F. Magno (2001), ‘The State of Decentralization and Local Governance in the Philippines’, in Decentralization, Democratic Governance and Civil Society, Project of the Woodrow Wilson Center for International Scholars, Washington, D.C.
Angeles, L. and P. Gurstein (2000), ‘Planning for Participatory Capacity Development: The Challenges of Participation and North-South Partnerships in Capacity-Building Projects’, Canadian Journal of Development Studies 21(4): 99–115.
Atal, Y. (1997), ‘Involving the Poor: The Many Question Marks’, in Y. Atal and E. Oyen, eds., Poverty and Participation in Civil Society, Proceedings of a UNESCO/CROP Roundtable on World Summit for Social Development, Paris: UNESCO: 11–24.
Balisacan, A. (1999), ‘What Do We Really Know or Don’t Know — About Economic Inequality and Poverty in the Philippines?’, in B. Arsenio, et al., eds., Causes of Poverty Myths, Facts and Realities, Quezon City: University of the Philippines Press: 1–50.
Balisacan, A. and R. Edillon (1999), ‘The Human Face of the Asian Crisis: What Do Nationwide Panel Data on Philippine Households Show?’ Paper presented at the National Conference of the Philippine Political Science Association, University of the Philippines, Quezon City, July 23–24.
Barker, J. (1999), Street-Level Democracy: Political Settings at the Margins of Global Power, Bloomfield, CT: Kumarian Press.
Bello, W. (1997), ‘Fast-track Capitalism, Geo-Economic Competition and the Sustainable Development Challenge in East Asia’, in C. Thomas, ed., Globalization and the South, London: Macmillan: 148–65.
Bhatnagar, B. and A. Williams, eds. (1992), Participatory Development and the World Bank: Potential Directions for Change, Washington. DC: World Bank.
Brillantes, A. (1997), ‘State-Civil Society Relations in Policy-Making: Civil Society and the Executive’, in Wui and Lopez, eds., State-Civil Society Relations in Policy-Making. Philippine Democracy Agenda, Vol. 2, Quezon City: Third World Studies Center: 21–31.
Burkey, Stan (1990), People First: A Guide to Self-Reliant Participatory Rural Development, London: Zed Press.
Cajivat, J. and A. Regalado (1997), ‘Dynamics of Civil Society and Government in the GATT-UR Debate in the Philippines, Lessons for Policy Advocacy’, in Wui and Lopez, eds., State-Civil Society Relations in Policy-Making. Philippine Democracy Agenda, Vol. 2, Quezon City: Third World Studies Center: 179–195.
Chambers, R. (1997), Whose Reality Counts, London: Intermediate Technology Publications.
Cortes, J.R. and N.R. Balmores (1992), State of Philippine Education: Tension Between Equity and Quality, Quezon City: Centre for Integrative and Development Studies and University of the Philippines Press.
Deval, B. and G. Sessions (1985), Deep Ecology: Living as If Nature Mattered, Layton: Gibbs M. Smith.
Diokno, M.S., ed. (1997), Democracy and Citizenship in Filipino Political Culture. Philippine Democracy AgendaVol. 3, Quezon City: Third World Studies Center.
Doronila, M.C. (1997), ‘An Overview of Filipino Perspectives on Democracy and Citizenship’, in M.S. Diokno, ed., Democracy and Citizenship in Filipino Political Culture, Philippine Democracy Agenda, Vol. 3, Quezon City: Third World Studies Center: 4–6.
Editor’s Introduction (1996), ‘Future Cities and Habitat II’, Environment and Urbanization 8(1): 3–12.
Eisenstein, Z. (1998), Global Obscenities: Patriarchy, Capitalism and the Lure of Cyberfantasy, New York: New York University Press.
Elago, C.II. (1997), ‘The Role of Local Governments in the Eviction and Demolition Cases of Urban Poor Residents’, Wui and Lopez, eds., State-CivilSociety Relations in Policy-Making. Philippine Democracy Agenda, Vol. 2, Quezon City: Third World Studies Center: 107–110.
Emery, M. and R. Pulser (1996), A Powerful Method for Planning Organizational Change and Community Action, San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers.
Fals-Borda, O. and A. Rahman (1991), Action and Knowledge: Breaking the Monopoly with Participatory Action Research. New York: Apex.
Ferreira, A., et al. (1993), ‘Investments and TNCs in the Philippines: Towards a Balanced Local and Regional Development’, Regional Development Dialogue 14(4): 79–90.
Fine, B. (1999), ‘The Developmental State is Dead — Long Live Social Capital?’ Development and Change 30: 2–35.
Forrester, J. (1999), The Deliberate Practitioner: Encouraging Participatory Planning Processes. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Gerson, P. (1998), ‘Poverty and Economic Policy in the Philippines’, Finance and Development (September): 45–50.
Goodman, D. and R. Robison, eds. (1993), The New Rich in Asia. New York: Routledge Press.
Gutierrez, E. (1997) ‘The Impact of the Business Sector on the Comprehensive Tax Reform Package’, Wui and Lopez, eds., State-Civil Society Relations in Policy-Making. Philippine Democracy Agenda, Vol. 2, Quezon City: Third World Studies Center: 291–292.
— (1994), The Ties That Bind: A Guide to Family Business and Other Interests in the Ninth Congress of the House of Representatives. Quezon City: Philippine Center for Investigative Journalism and Institute for Philippine Democracy.
Harris, J. and P. De Renzio (1997), ‘Missing Link or Analytically Missing?: The Concept of Social Capital, An Introductory Bibliographic Essay’, Journal of International Development 9(7): 919–937.
Jackson, E., et al. (1999), ‘Learning for Results: Issues, Trends and Lessons Learned in Basic Human Needs — Literature Review’, June 1996, CIDA Website: <http://www.acdi-cida.gc.ca/branches/asi>, downloaded 23 August.
Karaos, A.M. (1997), ‘Perceptions and Practices of Democracy and Citizenship Among Urban Middle Class Families’, in M.S. Diokno, ed., Democracy and Citizenship in Filipino Political Culture, Philippine Democracy Agenda, Vol. 3, Quezon City: Third World Studies Center: 39–129.
Knowles, J.C.E.P and M. Racelis (1999), ‘Assessing the Social Impact of the Financial Crisis in Asia: Integrative Report’, paper presented at the Finalization Conference on ‘Assessing the Impact of the Financial Crisis in Selected Asian Developing Economies’, Asian Development Bank, Manila, Philippines, 17–18 June 1999.
Kramer, R. (1969), Participation of the Poor, Comparative Community Studies in the War on Poverty, New Jersey: Prentice Hall Inc.
Lim, J. (1998), The Social Impact of and Responses to the Current East Asian Economic and Financial Crisis, Manila: UNDP.
Lim, J. and D.W. Adams (1998), ‘Interest Rates, Subsidies, and Directed Credit Programs in the Philippines’, Policy Notes No. 98–03, Manila: National Credit Council, Department of Finance.
Lippmann, W. (1925), The Phantom Public, New York: Harcourt Brace.
Llanto, G. and M.T.C. Sanchez (1998), Strengthening Creditlnstitutions for Rural Poverty Alleviation, Makati: Philippine Institute for Development Studies.
Llanto, G., et al. (1997), Directed Credit Programs in the Philippines: The Experience and Policy Reform Issues, Manila: National Credit Council, Department of Finance.
McGee, T. and S. Scott, eds. (2000), Social Safety Nets in Southeast Asia, Report submitted to the Canadian International Development Agency and Conference Board of Canada.
Miranda, F. (1999), ‘The July 1999 Pulse Asia Survey’, paper presented at the ‘The Politics of Poverty and the Poverty of Politics’, National Conference of the Philippine Political Science Association, Balay Kalinaw, University of the Philippines, Quezon City, 15–17 July 1999.
— (1997), ‘Political Economy in a Democratizing Philippines: A People’s Perspectives’, in F. Miranda, ed., Democratization: Philippine Perspectives. Quezon City: University of the Philippines Press.
Monsod, S.0 and T. Monsod (1999), ‘International and Intra-National Comparisons of Philippine Poverty’, in A. Balisacan and S. Fugisaka, eds., Causes of Poverty Myths, Facts and Realities, Quezon City: University of the Philippines Press.
Mukherjee, N., et al. (1997), Learning To Share: Experiences and Reflections on PRA and Community Participation, New Delhi: Concept Publishing.
Naess, A. (1984), ‘Deep Ecology and Lifestyle’ in N. Evernden, ed., The Paradox ofEnvironmentalism, Toronto: York University.
Narayan, D., et al. (2000), Voices of the Poor: Can Anyone Hear Us? New York: Oxford University Press.
Narayan, D. and L. Srinivasan (1994), Participatory Development Tool Kit: Training Materials for Agencies and Communities, Washington, D.C.: World Bank.
Nelson, N. and S. Wright, eds. (1995), Power and Participatory Development: Theory and Practice, London: Intermediate Technology Publications.
Norton, A. and T. Stephens (1995), Participation in Poverty Assessments, Social Development Papers 9, Washington, D.C.: World Bank.
Orbeta, A. Jr., et al. (1998), ‘Loan Guarantee Programs in the Philippines’, Policy Notes 98–08, Manila: National Credit Council, Department of Finance.
Paderanga, C., ed. (1996), The Philippines in the Emerging World Environment: Globalization at a Glance, Quezon City: University of the Philippines Press.
Pasion, N.G. (1997), ‘Civil Society and the State in the Area of Women’s Reproductive Rights: A Case Study’, in Wui and Lopez, eds., State-Civil Society Relations in Policy-Making. Philippine Democracy Agenda, Vol. 2, Quezon City: Third World Studies Center: 217–227.
Putnam, R. (1995), ‘Bowling Alone: America’s Declining Social Capital’, Journal of Democracy 6(1): 65–78.
—, Making Democracy Work: Civic Traditions in Modern Italy, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Reyes, C.M., et al. (1999), ‘Social Impact of the Regional Financial Crisis in the Philippines’, paper presented at the Finalization Conference on ‘Assessing the Impact of the Financial Crisis in Selected Asian Developing Economies’, Asian Development Bank, Manila, Philippines, 17–18 June.
Reyes, S.L. (1997), ‘Legislative Advocacy for a New Anti-Rape Law, A Case Study’, in Wui and Lopez, eds., State-Civil Society Relations in Policy-Making. Philippine Democracy Agenda, Vol. 2, Quezon City: Third World Studies Center: 229–246.
Schneider, H. (1999), ‘Participatory Governance: The Missing Link for Poverty Reduction’, OECD Policy Brief17, Paris: OECD.
Singh, N. and V. Titi, eds. (1995), Empowerment Towards Sustainable Development, Halifax: Fernwood and Zed Press.
Srinivasan, T.N. (1993), ‘Poverty in the Philippines: A Comparative Perspective’, in A. Balisacan, et al., eds., Perspectives on Poverty in the Philippines, ed. Manila: University of the Philippines Press.
Tigno, J.V. (1997), ‘I,abor Recruitment Agencies and the Decision-Making Process in the Philippine Overseas Employment (POEA): Open for Business’, Wui and Lopez, eds., State-Civil Society Relations in Policy- Making. Philippine Democracy Agenda, Vol. 2, Quezon City: Third World Studies Center: 249–287.
Toye, J. (1999), ‘Nationalising the Anti-Poverty Agenda’, IDS Bulletin 30(2): 6–36.
Villalba, M.C. (1997), ‘Protecting Migrant Workers Rights: Government-NGO Conflict and Cooperation’, in Wui and Lopez, eds., State-Civil Society Relations in Policy-Making. Philippine Democracy Agenda, Vol. 2, Quezon City: Third World Studies Center: 249–287.
Villanueva, P. (1997), ‘The Influence of the Congress for a People’s Agrarian Reform (CPAR) on the Legislative Process’, in Wui and Lopez, eds., State-Civil Society Relations in Policy-Making. Philippine Democracy Agenda, Vol. 2, Quezon City: Third World Studies Center: 81–94.
Woolcock, M. (1998), ‘Social Capital and Economic Development: Toward a Theoretical Synthesis and Policy Framework’, Theory and Society 27(2): 151–208.
World Bank (1996), World Bank Participation Sourcebook, Washington, D.C.: World Bank.
— (1994), Development in Practice: Governance, The World Bank’s Experience. Washington, D.C.: World Bank. World Commission on Environment and Development (1987), Our Common Future, New York: Oxford University Press.
Wui, M.A. and M.G.S. Lopez, eds. (1997), State-Civil Society Relations in PolicyMaking. Philippine Democracy Agenda, Vol. 2. Quezon City: Third World Studies Center.
Zialcita, F. (1997), ‘Barriers and Bridges to a Democratic Culture’, in M.S. Diokno, ed., Democracy and Citizenship in Filipino Political Culture, Philippine Democracy Agenda, Vol. 3, Quezon City: Third World Studies Center: 39–129.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Copyright information
© 2004 Palgrave Macmillan, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Angeles, L.C. (2004). Grassroots Democracy and Community Empowerment: The Quest for Sustainable Poverty Reduction in Asia. In: Quadir, F., Lele, J. (eds) Democracy and Civil Society in Asia: Volume 1. International Political Economy Series. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230523753_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230523753_8
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-349-51423-6
Online ISBN: 978-0-230-52375-3
eBook Packages: Palgrave Political & Intern. Studies CollectionPolitical Science and International Studies (R0)