Abstract
In 1863 the Russian Empire was an absolute monarchy; the whole executive, legislative and judicial power was united in the Tsar. The area was 7•6m sq. miles (including the grand-duchy of Finland, the kingdom of Poland and the colony of Alaska); the population was 74m. Until 1861, 22m. of these had been serfs owned by 109,340 proprietors and another 22m. crown serfs owned by the Tsar. By imperial decree of 3 March 1861 effective on 3 March 1863 serfdom was abolished, but the redemption payments, calculated for 49 years, left the peasants in abject poverty. The Orthodox Church with about 56m. adherents was the established religion; no member was permitted to leave it; there were also 6•5m. Roman Catholics (mainly in Poland), 4m. Protestants (mainly in the Baltic provinces), 2•5m. Moslems and 2m. Jews (who were excluded from Russia proper).
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© 1963 Palgrave Macmillan, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited
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Steinberg, S.H. (1963). Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. In: Steinberg, S.H. (eds) The Statesman’s Year-Book. The Statesman’s Yearbook. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230270923_107
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