Abstract
The Japanese claim that their empire was founded by the first Emperor Jimmu Tennō, 660 B.C., and that the dynasty founded by him still reigns. From 1186 until 1867 the emperors remained in a spiritual seclusion while Buccessive families of Shoguns exercised the temporal power on their behalf. In 1867 the Emperor Meiji recovered nominally the imperial power after the abdication on 14 October, 1867, of the fifteenth and last Tokugawa Shogun Keiki, known historically as Yoshinobu. In 1871 the feudal system (Hōken Seiji) was abolished; this was the beginning of the rapid westernization undertaken by the new government, then mainly controlled by the western clans of Satsuma and Chōshu. The Emperor bears title of Dai Nippon Teikoku Tennō (‘Imperial Son of Heaven of Great Japan’). Only foreigners make use of the poetical title ‘Mikado.’
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Steinberg, S.H. (1951). Japan. In: Steinberg, S.H. (eds) The Statesman’s Year-Book. The Statesman’s Yearbook. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230270800_42
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