Abstract
Abdul-Hamid II., born September 22, 1842 (15 Shaban 1245), the second son of Sultan Abdul Medjid; succeeded to the throne on the deposition of his elder brother, Sultan Murad V., August 31, 1876.
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Statistical and other Books of Reference
1. Official Publications
Saluanté 1311. Official Almanac for the Turkish Empire. Constantinople.
Report of the Health Office, published annually.
Report of the Council of Administration of the Ottoman Public Debt. Annual.
Gallwel. (Captain C. E,), Handbook of the Turkish Army. Prepared in the Intelligence Division of the War Office. London, 1892.
Constitution Ottomane promulguée le 7 Zilhidjé (11/23 décembre, 1876). Constantinople, 1891.
Deutsches Handels-Archiv, for March, 1895. [Contains an account of the trade of Constantinople.] Berlin, 1895.
Annual Report on the Ottoman Public Debt. London.
Treaty between Great Britain, Germany, Austria, France, Italy, Russia, and Turkey, for the settlement of affairs in the East. Signed at Berlin, July 13, 1878. Fol. London, 1878.
Diplomatic and Consular Reports from Turkey. Annual, London.
Hertsle. (Sir E.), Foreign Office List. Published annually. London, 1891.
Ottoman Land Code. Tr. by F. Ongley, revised by H. E. Miller. London, 1892.
Correspondence and Further Correspondence respecting the Introduction of Reforms in the Armenian Provinces of Asiatic Turkey. London, 1896–97.
Correspondence respecting the condition of the population of Asiatic Turkey, 1888–89 C-5,723 fol. London, 1889.—Correspondence respecting the Affairs of.South-Eastern Europe, 1903–07. London.
Reports on the Trade, &c, of Trebizond, Tripoli, Palestine, Aleppo, Smyrna, Damascus, Jeddah, Beyront, Baghdad, and Bussorah, in Foreign Office Reports, Annual Series. [Besides trade statistics these frequently contain information concerning population and political and social conditions.] London.
2. Non-Official Publications
Turkey in Europe.
Annual Report of the British Chamber of Commerce, Constantinople.
Abbot. (G. F.), Tale of a Tour in Macedonia London, 1903.
Albreeh. (W.), Grundriss des Osmanischen Staatsrechtes. Berlin, 1905.
Amici. (E. de), Constantinople. [Translated from the Italian.] New York, 1896.
Baedeker’. Konstantinopel und Kleinasien. Leipzig, 1905.
Bartlet. (Sir E. A.), The Battlefields of Thessaly. London, 1897.
Bérar. (V.), La Macedoine.—La Politique du Sultan.—La Turquie et l’Hellenisme. Paris, 1897.—Le Sultan, l’Islam, et les Puissances. Paris, 1907.
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Boot. (J.L.C.), Trouble in the Balkans. London, 1905.
Brailsfor. (H. N.), Macedonia: Its Races and their Future. London, 1906.
Brancof. (D, M.), La Macédoine et sa Population Chrétienne. Paris, 1905.
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Dor. (G.), Abdul Hamid Intime. Paris, 1901.
Durha. (Mrs.), The Burden of the Balkans. London, 1905.
Owigh. (H. O.), Constantinople and its Problems. London, 1901.
Ellio. (Frances), Diary of an Idle Woman in Constantinople. London, 1893.
Fai. (E.), Les Turcs d’Aujour d’hui. Paris, 1898.
Frase. (J. F ), Pictures from the Balkans. London, 1906.
Freema. (Edward A.), The Ottoman Power in Europe: its Nature, its Growth, and its Decline. 8. London, 1877.
Garnet. (Lucy), The Women of Turkey and their Folk-lore. London, 1890.
Georgiadè. (D.), La Turquie actuelle. Paris, 1892.
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Hafiz Hussey. (Effendi), Hadikat-ul-dschevami. Description of the Mosques, High Schools, and Convents. 2 vols. Constantinople, 1864–66.
Halil Hali., The Diary of a Turk. London, 1903.
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Hecquar. (C.), La Turquie sous Abdul Hamid II. Paris, 1901.
Herber. (F. W. von), By-Paths in the Balkans. London, 1906.
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Hollan. (Thomas Erskine), The European Concert in the Eastern Question, a Collection of Treaties, &c. Oxford, 1897.
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Journal de la Chambre de Commerce de Constantinople. Constantinople. Weekly.
Kinglak. (Alexander William), The Invasion of the Crimea. Edinburgh and London, 1863–75.
Laveley. (E. A.), The Balkan Peninsula. 2 vols. London, 1887.
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Meyer. Reisebücher: Türkei, Rumänien, Serbien, Bulgarien. 6te Auflage. Leipzig and Wien, 1902.
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Mille. (W.), Travels and Politics in the Near East. London, 1898.
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Nicolaídè. (C.), La Macédoine. Berlin, 1899.
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Turkey in Asia
Azour. (N.), Le Reveil de la Nation Arabe dans l’Asie Turque. Paris, 1905.
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Ball (E. A. Reynolds), Jerusalem. (A guide book.) London, 1901.
Bambu. (W.), Palästina, Land und Leute. Leipzig, 1898.
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Bisho. (J. L.), Journeys in Kurdistan. 2 vols. London, 1891.
Brünno. (R.E.), and Domaszewsk. (A. von), Die Provincia Arabia. 3 vols. 1904–05, in progress.
Bryc. (James), Trans-Caucasia and Ararat. 4th ed. London, 1896.
Burto. (Sir R. F.) and Drak. (C. F. T.), Unexplored Syria. 2 vols. London, 1872.
Chauvi. (V.), Bibliographie des Ouvrages arabes ou relatifs aux Arabes (1810–85). Liège, 1892.
Cook’. Tourist’s Handbook for Palestine and Syria. London, 1906.
Cook. (A. W.), Palestine in Geography and History. 2 vols. London, 1901.
Cowpe. (H. S ), Through Turkish Arabia. London, 1894.—The Hill of the Graces. [In Tripoli.] London, 1897.
Cuine. (Vital), La Turquie d’Asie. Géographie administrative, &c. 4 vols. Paris, 1891–8. The index to the work. Paris, 1900.—Syrie, Liban, et Palestine. Paris, 1901.
Curtis. (S. I.), Primitive Semitic Religion To-Day (Researches, &c, in Syria, Palestine and the Sinaitic Peninsula). London, 1902.
Davi. (E.), Life in Asiatic Turkey. London, 1879.
Fellow. (Sir C), Travels and Researches in Asia Minor and Syria. Londo., 1839.
Fiizner (R.), Ans Kleinasien und Syrien. Vol. I. Rostock, 1904.
Freshfiel. (D.), Travels in the Central Caucasus, &c. London, 1869.
Gear. (Grattan), Asiatic Turkey. 2 vols. London, 1878.
Goodrich-Free. (Miss A.), In a Syrian Saddle. London, 1905.
Grego. (N. Ter), History of Armenia. London, 1897.
Hadji Kha. and Sparro. (W.), With the Pilgrims to Mecca. London, 1905.
Harri. (J. R. and H. B.), Letters from the Scenes of the Recent Massacres in Armenia, London, 1897.
Harri. (W. B.), A Journey through Yemen. London, 1893.
Hepwort. (G. H.), Through Armenia on Horseback. London, 1898.
Hirsc. (L.), Reisen in Sud-Arabien, Mahra-Land, und Hadramüt. Leiden, 1897.
Hodgett. (E. A. B.), Round about Armenia. London, 1896.
Hogart. (D. G.), A Wandering Scholar in the Levant. 2nd ed. London, 1897.—The Penetration of Arabia. London, 1904.
Human. (C.), Reisen in Klein-Asien und Nordsyrien. Berlin, 1890.
Isaverdent. (H.), Histoire de l’Arménie. Fol. Venice, 1888.
Kauneriber. (K.), Kleinasiens Naturschätze. Berlin, 1897.
Leak. (W. M.), Journal of a Tour in Asia Minor. London, 1824.
Lee. (G.R.), Village Life in Palestine. London, 1905.
Lepsiu. (J.), Armenia and Europe: An Indictment. London, 1897.
Libbe. (WA and Hoskin. (F.E.), The Jordan Valley and Petra. New York, 1906
Lync. (H. F. B.), Armenia: Travels and Studies. 2 vols. London, 1901.
Macdonal. (A.), The Land of Ararat. London, 1893.
Macmillan’. Guides: Guide to Palestine and Syria. 4th ed.. London, 1908.—Greece, the Archipelago, Constantinople, the Coasts of Asia Minor, Crete, and Cyprus, &c. 4th ed. London, 1908.
Minutell. (F.), La Tripolitania. Turin 1902.
Murray’. Handbooks for Travellers: Asia Minor. London, 1905.
Musi. (A.), Arabia Petraea. I. Moab. Wien, 1907.
Oberhumme. (R.) und Zimmere. (H.), Durch Syrien nnd Kleinasien. Leipzig, 1898.
Oppenhei. (M. von), Vom Mittelmeer zum. persischen Golfe durch den Hauran, &c. 2 vols. Berlin, 1899–1900.
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Pertiu. (Comte de), Le Désert de Syrie. Paris, 1896.
Peter. (J. P.), Nippur: Explorations and Adventures on the Euphrates. Vol. I. London, 1897.
Ramsa. ( W. M.), The Cities and Bishopricks of Phrygia. 2 vols. Oxford, 1897.—Historical Geography of Asia Minor. London, 1890.—Impressions of Turkey during Twelve Years’ Wanderings. London, 1897.—Also, Every-day Life in Turkey, by Mrs. Ramsay. London, 1897.
Reclu. (Elisée), Nouvelle Géographie Universelle. Vols. IX and XI. 8. Paris,1884 and 1886.
Ronaldsha. (Earl of), On the Outskirts of Empire in Asia. Edinburgh, 1904.
Sacha. (E.) Am Euplirat und Tigris, 1897–98. Berlin, 1900.
Schwar. (Dr. B.), Quer durch Bithynien. Berlin, 1889.
Smit. (G. A.), Historical Geography of the Holy Land. New ed. London, 1897
Stanle. (A. P.), Sinai and Palestine. London, 1856.
Strang. (G. Le), Palestine under the Moslems. London, 1890.—Baghdad under the Abbasid Caliphate. London, 1900.—The Lands of the Eastern Caliphate. London, 1905.
Sweme. (S. M.), Arabia, the Cradle of Islam. Edinburgh, 1900.
Syke. (M.). Through Five Turkish Provinces. London, 1900.—Dar-ul-Islam: Journey through Ten Asiatic Provinces of Turkey. London, 1904.
Thoma. (Margaret), Two Years in Palestine and Syria. London, 1899.
Toze. (H. F.), Turkish Armenia and Eastern Asia Minor. London, 1881.—The Islands of the Ægean. London, 1890.
Warkwort. (Lord), Notes from a Diary in Asiatic Turkey. London, 1898.
Warne. (C. D.), In the Levant. 2 vols. London, 1892.
Wilso. (Sir C. W.), Handbook (Murray’s) for Travellers in Asia Minor, Transcaucasia, Persia, &c. London, 1905.
Tripoli
Foreign Office Reports. Annual Series. London.
Charme., La Tunisie et la Tripolitaine. Paris, 1883.
El-Hachaich. (Cheikh M. ben O.), Voyage an Pays des Senoussia à travers la Tripolitaine, &c. Paris, 1903.
Fourne., La Tripolitaine, les Routes du Soudan. Paris, 1887.
Mathuisieul. (H. M. de), A travers la Tripolitaine. Paris, 1903.
Medan. (Cav. A.), Il Vilayet di Tripoli di Barberia nell’ anno 1902. (Italian Foreign Office Report.) Rome, 1904.
Rohlf. (G.), Von Tripolis nach Alexandrien. 2 vols Bremen, 1871.—Reise vom Tripolis nach der Oase Küfra. Leipzig, 1881.
Ross. (G. B.), Nei Paesi d’Islam in Barberia, in Egitto, &c. Roma, 1897.
Schoenfiel. (E. D.), Aus den Staaten der Barbaresken. Berlin 1902.
Thomso. (G. E.), Life in Tripoli. Liverpool, 1894.
Books of Reference concerning Bulgaria
Foreign Office Reports. Annual Series. 8. London.
Handbook of the Armies of Bulgaria, Greece, Montenegro, Rumania, and Scrvia. By Capt. W. E. Fairholme and Capt. Count Gleichen. London, 1895.
Commerce de la Principauté de Bulgarie avec les Pays étrangers. Annual. Sofia.
Commercial Convention of December 9, 1905. London, 1906.
Mouvement de la Population de la Principauté de Bulgarie. Annual. Sofia.
Statistique des Ecoles dans la Principauté de Bulgarie. Annual. Sofia.
La Bulgarie Contemporaine. Edited by the Bulgarian Ministry of Commerce and Agriculture. Brussels, 1906. Eng. Trans., Bulgaria of To-day. London, 1907.
Handbook of the Armies of the Balkan States. By Captain M. C. P. Ward, Intelligence Division, War Office. London, 1900.
Bat. (Marquis of), Observations on Bulgarian Affairs. 8. London, 1886.
Beama. (A. H.), M. Stambuloff. [In series of ‘Public Men of to-day.] London, 1895.— Twenty Years in the Near Bast. London, 1898.
Chale. (Count A. P. de), Etude sur la Guerre bulgaro-serbe. Paris, 1891.
Dice. (E.), The Peasant State: An Account of Bulgaria in 1894. 8. London, 1894.
Dranda. (A. G.), Les Evénements politiques en Bulgarie depuis 1876 jusqu’ à nos jours Paris, 1896.
Golowin. (A. P.), Fürst Alexander von Bulgarien, 1879–1886. Wien, 1896.
Herber. (W. V.), By-Paths in the Balkans. London, 1906.
Hah. (Major A. von), The Struggle of the Balkans for National Independence under Prince Alexander. London, 1886.
Ivantchof. (T.), Article “Bulgarie” in Dictionnaire du Commerce, de l’Industrie, et de la Banque. Paris, 1898.
Jirece. (C.) Das Fürstenthum Bulgarien. Wien, 1891.
Kanit. (F.), Donau-Bulgarien und der Balkan, 1860–75. 3 vols. 4. Leipzig, 1875–79.
Lamouch. (L.), La Bulgarie dans le passé et le présent. Paris, 1892.
Le Queu. (W.), An Observer in the Near East. London, 1907.
Lége. (L.), La Save, le Danube, et le Balkan. Paris, 1884.
Mille. (W.), The Balkans. In “ Story of the Nations ” series. 8. London, 1896.—Travels and Politics in the Near East. London, 1898.
Minchi. (J. G. C), The Growth of Freedom in the Balkan Peninsula. 8. London, 1886.
Begenspursk. (C), Die Kämpfe bei Slivnitza, 1885. Wien, 1895.
Samueleo. (J.), Bulgaria Past and Present. 8. London, 1888.
St. Clai. (S. G. B.) and Broph. (C. A.), Twelve Years’ Study of the Eastern Question in Bulgaria. 8. London, 1877.
Books of Reference concerning Crete
Statisque du Commerce Extérieur de l’le de Crete. Quarterly and Annual. Canea.
Foreign Office Reports. Annual Series.
Report by J. Bowring on Egypt and Candia. London, 1840.—Report by Consul Long-worth on the Causes of the Insurrection in 1858.—Reports, Correspondence, and further Correspondence respecting Crete, 1866–68, 1877–79, 1888–91, 1895–1901.
Ministère des Affaires étrangérès, Documents diplomatiques, Affaires de Crete, 1897–9
Baedeker’. Greece. 3rd. ed. [Contains an account of Crete.] Leipzig, 1905.
Ballo. (J.), Histoire de l’insurrection Crétoise. Paris, 1868.
Bèrar. (V.), Les Affaires de Crète. Paris, 1900.
Bickford-Smit. (B. A. H.), Cretan Sketches. London, 1897.
Bothme. (H), Kreta in Vergangenheit und Gegenwart. Leipzig, 1899.
Castonnet de Foss., La Crète et l’Hellénisme. Paris, 1897.
Chalkiopoulo. (L.). Sitia, die Osthalbinsel Kretas. Berlin, 1903.
Combe. (P.), L’Ile de Crète. Paris, 1897.
Corneliu. (Flam.), Creta sacra. Venice, 1755.
Couturie. (Henri), La Crète, sa situation au point de vue du droit international. Paris. 1900.
Criari. (P. C), History of Crete to the end of the Insurrection, 1866–9 (in Greek). Canea, 1902.
Freese. (J. H.), A Short Popular History of Crete. London, 1897.
Hoec. (K.) Kreta. 3 vols. Gättingen, 1823–29
Jannari. (A. N.), Condition of Agriculture and Trade in Crete (in Greek). Canea, 1906.
Kalitsunaki. (J. E.), Kretisches Schulwesen (in Rein’s Encyclopädesches Handbuch der Paedagogik. Vol. v.). Langensaltz, 1906.
Laroch. (Ch.), La Crète ancienne et moderne. Paris, 1898.
Lioni. (T. P.), Memoirs of Parthénios Perides (in Greek). Athens, 1901.
Meursiu. (Job.), Creta, Rhodus et Cyprus. Amsterdam, 1675.
Mitchel. (O.), The Greek, the Cretan, and the Turk. London, 1897.
Noire., Documents inédits pour servir à l’histoire de la domination vénitienne en Crète de 1380 à 1485. Paris, 1892.
Papadopetraki. (Gr.), History of Sphakia (in Greek). Athens, 1888.
Papantonáki. (S. A.), Creticá: a Collection of Documents relating to the Insurrection 1897–8 (in Greek). Canea, 1901.
Pashle. (R.), Travels in Crete. 2 vols. Cambridge and London. 1837.
Perro. (Georges), L’île de Crète. Souvenirs de vo’ynge. Paris, 1867.
Postlethwat. (Ed.), A Tour in Crete. London, 1868.
Rauli. (V.), Description de l’île de Crète. 2 vols. Paris, 1869.
Savar. (M.), Lettres sur la Grèce. Paris, 1798.
Siebe. (F. W.), Reise nach der Insel Kreta. 2 vols. Leipsic, 1823.
Sprat. (T.A.B.), Travels and researches in Crete. 2vols. London, 1867
Stavraki. (Nik.), Statistics of Crete, with a general account of the Island (in Greek). Athens. 1890.
Stieglit. (Alex de), L’île de Crète, &c. Paris, 1899.
Stillman. (W. T.), The Cretan Insurrection, 1866–8. New York, 1874.
Strob. (H.), Kreta, eine geogr.-hist. Skizze. 2 Teile. München, 1875–6.
Statistical and other Books of Reference concerning Egypt and the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan 1. Official Publications
Administration. Correspondence respecting the Reorganisation of Egypt. London, 1883. Reports by Mr. Villiers Stuart respecting Reorganisation of Egypt. London, 1883 and 1895. Despatch from Lord Dufferin forwarding the Decree constituting the new Political Institutions of Egypt. London, 1883. Reports on the State of Egypt and the Progress of Administrative Reforms. London, 1885. Reports by Sir H. D. Wolff on the Administration of Egypt. London, 1837. Annual Reports by Lord Cromer on the Finances, Administration and Condition of Egypt, and the Progress of Reforms. London. Annual Report upon the Administration of the Public Works Department. Correspondence respecting the Turco-Egyptian frontier in the Sinai Peninsula. London, 1906.
Agriculture. Despatch from Sir Evelyn Baring inclosing Report on the Condition of the Agricultural Population in Egypt. London, 1888. Notes on Egyptian Crops. Cairo, 1896. Manures and Soil Exhaustion in Egypt. Cairo, 1896. Report of Committee with Reference to Sale of Lands in the Sudan. 1904.
Dictionnaire geographique de l’Egypte. Par Boinet Bey. Cairo, 1899.
Finance. Correspondence respecting the State Domains of Egypt. London, 1883. Memorandum on the Land Tax of Egypt. Cairo, 1884. Report on the Financial Position of Egypt. Cairo, 1884. Reports on the Finances of Egypt, 1884–87. Cairo. Statement of the Revenue and Expenditure of Egypt, together with a List of the Egyptian Bonds and the Charges for their Services. London, 1885. Report on the Finances of Egypt. London, 1888–95. L’administration financière 1884–87 et la modification du régime fiscal des tabacs en Egypte. 1887. Convention between the Governments of Great Britain, Germany, Austria-Hungary, France, Italy, Bussia, and Turkey, relative to the Finance of Egypt, signed at London, March 18, 1885. London, 1885. Correspondence respecting the Settlement of the Claims of the ex-Khedive Ismail and his Family. London, 1888.—La Propriété foncière en Egypte, by Yacoub Artin Pasha. Boulaq, 1884. [Translated into Arabic by Amoon, and into English by Van Dyck].—Compte General de l’Administration des Finances. Annual. Cairo. Report on the Finances, Administration, and Condition of the Sudan. 1906.
Handbook of the Sudan. By Captain Count Gleichen. Compiled in the Intelligence Division of the War Office. London, 1898. Supplement, 1899.
The Anglo-Egvptian Sudan. Edited by Lieut.-Colonel Count Gleichen C.V.O.,C.M.G, D.S.O. 2 vols. London, 1906.
Judicial. Correspondence respecting the Mixed Courts and Judicial Reforms. London, 1884.
Monetary. La Réforme Monétaire en Egypte. Cairo, 1886. Note on the Currency of Egypt. Cairo, 1885. Note on the Proposed Monetary Law. By Sir E. Vincent. Cairo, 1885.
Population. Rencensement Général de l’Egypte. Tomes I. and II. Cairo, 1885. Recensement général de l’Egypte. Tomes I., II, III. Cairo, 1898.
Public Works. Reports on the Administration of the Public Works Department. Annual. Geological reports on various districts.
Report on the Nile and Country between Dongola, Suakin, Kassala, and Omdurman. 2nd ed. London, 1898. Correspondence respecting the valley of the Upper Nile. London, 1898. Report on the Sudan, by Sir W. Garstin. Egypt, No. 5 (1899). London. Report upon The Basin of the Upper Nile. By Sir W. Garstin. P.O. Bluebook, Egypt, No. 2. 1904.
Statistical Department’s Publications:—Quarterly Return of Navigation in the Ports of Egypt and the Suez Canal.—Statistical Return of Navigation through the Suez Canal (Annual Summary).—Statistical Return of Navigation in the Ports of Egypt (Annual Summary).—Statistics of Professors and Students of Islam in Egypt in 1906.— Statistical Return of Pupils Attending Public and Private Schools in Egypt (Arabic and English editions).—Comparative Statistics of Postal Traffic in Egypt for the Years 1880 to 1906.
Sudan. Annual Report by British Consul General on Egypt and the Sudan.—Ordinances issued from 1899 to 1904 Relating to Administration, Justice, Taxation, Lands, Mining, Railways, Wild Animals, &c.—Sudan Gazette, monthly.—Sudan Almanac compiled in the Intelligence Department, Cairo.—Report on Egyptian Provinces of Sudan, Red Sea, and Equator, 1884.—Report on the Sudan (Lieut.-Col. Stewart), 1883 (Blue Book, Egypt, No. 11, 1883).—Intelligence Reports, Egypt, 1891–98.—History of the Sudan Campaign (Colville), 1889. 2 vols.—Eritrea (Major Barker), 1894 —Eritrea and Abyssinia (Col. Slade), 1896.—Ordinance for dealing with the Cattle Plague, 1901.—Report on Forests of Sudan by Mr. Muriel.—Traffic Regulations, Sudan Railways, 1900.—Hints to Travellers and Sportsmen in the Sudan. Annual.—Notes on Outfit. 1902.
Suez Canal. Report by the British Directors on the provisional Agreement with M. de Lesseps. London, 1883. Correspondence respecting the proposed International Convention for securing the free Navigation of the Suez Canal. London, 1888. Le Canal de Sue., published every ten days. Paris. Returns of Shipping and Tonnage. Annual. London.
Trade. Le Commerce Extérieur de l’Egypt. Annual. Alexandria.—Bulletin Mensuel du Commerce Exterieur de l’Egypte. Alesandria.
War Office Library Catalogue. Wingate Bey. London, 1894.
2. Non-Official Publications
Alfor. (H. S.) and Suwd (W. D.), The Egyptian Sudan: Its Loss and Recovery. London, 1898.
Atteridg. (A. H.), Towards Khartoum, the Soudan War of 1896. London, 1897.
Aubi. (E.), Les Anglais aux Indes et eu Egypte. Paris, 1899.
Baedeker’. Egypt. Gth ed. Leipzig, 1907.
Bal. (E. A. R.), Cairo of To-Day. [Guide-Book]. 3rd edit. London, 1902.
Baroi. (J.), Les Irrigations en Egypte. Paris, 1904.
Bennet. (E. N.), Downfall of the Dervishes. London, 1898.
Blun. (W. S.), The Secret History of the English Occupation of Egypt.
Bodd. (A. A.), From the Egyptian Ramleh. London, 1900.
Boulge. (D. C), Life of Gordon. London, 1897.
Bourgue. (A.), La France et l’Angleterre en Egypte. Paris, 1897.
Breaste. (J. H.), A History of Egypt [to the Persian Conquest]. London, 1906.
Bréhie. (L.), L’Egypte de 1789 à 1900. Paris, 1901.
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For the Sudan, the works of many travellers mav be consulted, among them being those of Baker (1867–73), Colborne (1883), Colston (1878). De Cosson (1873), Elisor (1875–76), Felkin (1879–80), Jephson (1887–88), Junker (1875–76), Grant (1864), Lejean (1860–61), Petlierick (1852), Marno (1873–75), Schweinfurth (1868–71) Speke(1863), Russegger (1838).
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Keltie, J.S. (1908). Turkey and Tributary States. In: Keltie, J.S. (eds) The Statesman’s Year-Book. The Statesman’s Yearbook. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230270374_57
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