Abstract
Blood is the classic context for an elaboration of the structural tensions between the market and the welfare state, the individual and the collective, the immunitary and the communitary. The giving of blood has become established as a measure of cohesive civility. And yet, blood has also become an index of societal fragility in the face of changing political and economic dynamics. This chapter explores more recent activity in the worlds of umbilical cord blood banking. Since the early 1990s there have been numerous international initiatives to source and bank cord blood (CB) stem cells. Most ‘public’ banks operate within a traditionally established moral discourse structured around donation. On the other hand, commercial stem cell banks offer a means of personally storing and preserving cord blood (or less commonly, menstrual blood) for private and personal use.
Notes
- 1.
This research was supported through a number of research projects funded by the UK Economic and Social Research Council: 2004–07: ‘Haematopoietic Stem Cells: The Dynamics of Expectations in Innovation’ (Martin, Brown and Kraft—RES-340-25-0007); 2009–10: ‘The political and moral economy of cord blood stem cell banking’ (Brown—RES-062-23-1386); 2012–15: Post-graduate research funding for ‘Blood in the archive: rethinking the public umbilical cord blood bank’ (Williams—ES/J500215/1).
Bibliography
Anderson, B. (1983). Imagined communities: Reflections on the origin and spread of nationalism. London: Verso.
Anderson, W. (2014). Making global health history: The postcolonial worldliness of biomedicine. Social History of Medicine, 27(2), 372–384.
Bliss, C. (2011). Racial taxonomy in genomics. Social Science & Medicine, 73(7), 1019–1027.
Boaz, R. E. (2009). The search for “Aryan blood:” Seroanthropology in Weimar and National Socialist Germany (Doctoral dissertation). Kent State University.
Bollinger, L. (2007). Placental economy: Octavia Butler, Luce Irigaray, and speculative subjectivity. Literature Interpretation Theory, 18(4), 325–352.
Brown, N. (2013). Contradictions of value: Between use and exchange in cord blood bioeconomy. Sociology of Health Illness, 35(1), 97–112.
Brown, N., & Kraft, A. (2006). Blood ties: Banking the stem cell promise. Technology Analysis and Strategic Management, 18(3–4), 313–327.
Brown, N., & Williams, R. (2015). Cord blood banking–bio-objects on the borderlands between community and immunity. Life Sciences, Society and Policy, 11(1), 1–18.
Brown, N., Faulkner, A., Kent, J., & Michael, M. (2006). Regulating hybrids: ‘Making a mess’ and ‘cleaning up’ in tissue engineering and transpecies transplantation. Social Theory & Health, 4(1), 1–24.
Brown, N., Machin, L., & McLeod, D. (2011). Immunitary bioeconomy: The economisation of life in the international cord blood market. Social Science and Medicine, 72(7), 1115–1122.
Busby, H., Kent, J., & Farrell, A.-M. (2013). Revaluing donor and recipient bodies in the globalised blood economy: Transitions in public policy on blood safety in the United Kingdom. Health, 18(1), 79–94.
Callon, M., Méadel, C., & Rabeharisoa, V. (2002). The economy of qualities. Economy and Society, 31(2), 194–217.
Celluzzi, C. M., Keever-Taylor, C., Alurf, M., Koh, M. B., Rabe, F., Rebulla, P., & Loper, K. (2014). Training practices of hematopoietic progenitor cell apheresis and cord blood collection staff: Analysis of a survey by the Alliance for Harmonisation of Cellular Therapy Accreditation. Transfusion, 54(12), 3138–3144.
Cooper, M. (2008). Life as surplus: Biotechnology and capitalism in the neoliberal era. Seattle: University of Washington Press.
Copeman, J. (2009). Introduction: Blood donation, bioeconomy, culture. Body and Society, 15(2), 1–28.
Cutler, C., & Ballen, K. K. (2012). Improving outcomes in umbilical cord blood transplantation: State of the art. Blood Reviews, 26(6), 241–246.
Dickenson, D. (2007). Property in the body: Feminist perspectives. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Dickenson, D. (2008). Body shopping. The economy fuelled by flesh and blood. Oxford: Oneworld Publications.
Douglas, M. (1966). Purity and danger: An analysis of concepts of pollution and taboo. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
Edwards, J. (2014). Undoing kinship. In T. Freeman, S. Graham, & F. Ebtehaj (Eds.), Relatedness in assisted reproduction (pp. 44–60). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Esposito, R. (2006). Interview. Diacritics, 36(2), 49–56.
Esposito, R. (2008a). The philosophy of Bios. Bios: Biopolitics and philosophy (T. Campbell, Trans.). Minneapolis/London: University of Minnesota Press.
Esposito, R. (2008b). Immunization and Violence (T. Campbell, Trans., from public lecture).
European Group on Ethics in Science and New Technologies. (2004). Ethical aspects of umbilical cord blood banking. Opinion of the European Group on Ethics in Science and New Technologies to the European Commission.
Fannin, M. (2011). Personal stem cell banking and the problem with property. Social & Cultural Geography, 12(04), 339–356.
Fannin, M. (2013). The hoarding economy of endometrial stem cell storage. Body & Society, 19(4), 32–60.
Fannin, M. (2014). Placental relations. Feminist Theory, 15(3), 289–306.
Farr, A. D. (1979). Blood group serology – the first four decades (1900–1939). Medical History, 23(2), 215.
Foucault, M. (1990). The history of sexuality: Volume 1; An Introduction (R. Hurley, Trans.). New York: Vintage Books.
France, C. R., Rader, A., & Carlson, B. (2005). Donors who react may not come back: Analysis of repeat donation as a function of phlebotomist ratings of vasovagal reactions. Transfusion and Apheresis Science, 33(2), 99–106.
Gillespie, T. W., & Hillyer, C. D. (2002). Blood donors and factors impacting the blood donation decision. Transfusion Medicine Reviews, 16(2), 115–130.
Gratwohl, A., Baldomero, H., Aljurf, M., Pasquini, M. C., Bouzas, L. F., Yoshimi, A., & Frauendorfer, K. (2010). Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: A global perspective. Journal of the American Medical Association, 303(16), 1617–1624.
Gunning, J. (2005). Umbilical cord cell banking – implications for the future. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 207(2), 538–543.
Gyurkocza, B., Rezvani, A., & Storb, R. F. (2010). Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation: The state of the art. Expert Review of Hematology, 3(3), 285–299.
Healey, K. (2000). Embedded altruism: Blood collection regimes and the European Union’s donor population. American Journal of Sociology, 105(6), 1633–1657.
Hirschfeld, L., & Hirschfeld, H. (1919). Serological differences between the blood of different races: The result of researches on the Macedonian front. The Lancet, 194(5016), 675–679.
Hoeyer, K. (2009). Tradable body parts? How bone and recycled prosthetic devices acquire a price without forming a ‘market’. BioSocieties, 4(2), 239–256.
Irigaray, L. (1993). Je, tu, nous. New York: Routledge.
Johansen, K. A., Schneider, J. F., McCaffree, M. A., & Woods, G. L. (2008). Efforts of the United States’ national marrow donor program and registry to improve utilization and representation of minority donors. Transfusion Medicine, 18(4), 250–259.
Kordela, A. K. (2013). Biopolitics: From supplement to immanence: In Dialogue with Roberto Esposito’s trilogy: Communitas, immunitas, bíos. Cultural Critique, 85(1), 163–188.
Landsteiner, K. (1936). The specificity of serological reactions. Springfield: C. C. Thomas.
Laws, S. (1990). Issues of blood: The politics of menstruation. London: Macmillan.
Lupton, D. (2014). Self-tracking cultures: Towards a sociology of personal informatics. In Proceedings of the 26th Australian Computer-human interaction conference on designing futures: The future of design (pp. 77–86).
Lupton, D. (2015). Fabricated data bodies: Reflections on 3D printed digital body objects in medical and health domains. Social Theory and Health, 13(2), 99–115.
Martin, P., Brown, N., & Turner, A. (2008). Capitalizing hope: The commercial development of umbilical cord blood stem cell banking. New Genetics and Society, 27(2), 127–143.
Masser, B. M., White, K. M., Hyde, M. K., & Terry, D. J. (2008). The psychology of blood donation: Current research and future directions. Transfusion Medicine Reviews, 22(3), 215–233.
Meijer, I, Knight, M., Mattson, P., Mostert, B., Simmonds, P., & Vullings, W. (2009). Cord blood banking in the UK. An International Comparison of Policy and Practice. London: Technopolis Ltd for UK Department of Health.
Nash, C. (2004). Genetic kinship. Cultural Studies, 18(1), 1–33.
Ong, A., & Collier, S. J. (2005). Global assemblages: Technology, politics, and ethics as anthropological problems. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.
Opondo, S. O. (2015). Biocolonial and racial entanglements: Immunity, community, and superfluity in the name of humanity. Alternatives, 40(2), 115–132.
Parents Guide Cord Blood. (2018). Cord blood banking. https://parentsguidecordblood.org/en. Accessed Aug 2018.
Robertson, J. (2012). Hemato-nationalism: The past, present, and future of ‘Japanese blood’. Medical Anthropology, 31(2), 93–112.
Rose, N., & Lentzos, F. (2017). Making us resilient: Responsible citizens for uncertain times. In S. Trnka & C. Trundle (Eds.), Competing responsibilities: The ethics and politics of contemporary life (pp. 27–48). Durham: Duke University Press.
Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. (2006). Umbilical Cord Blood Banking (Scientific Impact Paper No. 2). Scientific Impact Papers: Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists.
Samuel, G. N., Kerridge, I. H., Vowels, M., Trickett, A., Chapman, J., & Dobbins, T. (2007). Ethnicity, equity and public benefit: A critical evaluation of public umbilical cord blood banking in Australia. Bone Marrow Transplantation, 40(8), 729–734.
Santoro, P. (2009). From (public?) waste to (private?) value. The regulation of private cord blood banking in Spain. Science & Technology Studies, 22(1), 3–23.
Santoro, P. (2011). Liminal biopolitics: Towards a political anthropology of the umbilical cord and the placenta. Body & Society, 17(1), 73–93.
Simpson, B. (2009). ‘Please give a drop of blood’: Blood donation, conflict and the haemato-global assemblage in contemporary Sri Lanka. Body & Society, 15(2), 101–122.
Sloterdijk, P. (2011). Bubbles: microspherology. Los Angeles: Semiotext(e).
Sloterdijk, P. (2013). In the world interior of capital: Towards a philosophical theory of globalization. Chicago: Polity.
Sojka, B. N., & Sojka, P. (2008). The blood donation experience: Self-reported motives and obstacles for donating blood. Vox Sanguinis, 94(1), 56–63.
Strathern, M. (1992). After nature: English kinship in the late twentieth century. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Strong, T. (2009). Vital publics of pure blood. Body & Society, 15(2), 169–191.
Takanashi, M., Tanaka, H., Kohsaki, M., Nakajima, K., Tadokoro, K., & Nakabayashi, M. (2011). A suggested total size for the cord blood banks of Japan. Bone Marrow Transplantation, 46(7), 1014–1016.
Tamminen, S., & Brown, N. (2011). Nativitas: Capitalizing genetic nationhood. New Genetics and Society, 30(1), 73–99.
Tierney, T. F. (2016). Roberto Esposito’s ‘Affirmative biopolitics’ and the gift. Theory, Culture & Society, 33(2), 53–76.
Titmuss, R. M. (1970). The gift relationship: From human blood to social policy. London: Allen & Unwin.
UK Stem Cell Strategic Forum. (2010). The future of unrelated donor stem cell transplantation in the UK: Part 1. In Findings and recommendations: NHS blood and transplantation.
Valentine, K. (2005). Citizenship, identity, blood donation. Body & Society, 11(2), 113–128.
Vermeulen, N., Tamminen, S., & Webster, A. (Eds.). (2012). Bio-objects: Life in the 21st Century. Surrey: Ashgate.
Waldby, C. (2006). Umbilical cord blood: From social gift to venture capital. BioSocieties, 1(1), 55–70.
Waldby, C., & Mitchell, R. (2006). Tissue economies: Blood, organs, and cell lines in late capitalism. London: Duke University Press.
Weiss, G. (2013). Body images: Embodiment as intercorporeality. London: Routledge.
Welte, K., Foeken, L., Gluckman, E., & Navarrete, C. (2010). International exchange of cord blood units: The registry aspects. Bone Marrow Transplantation, 45(5), 825–831.
Williams, R. (2015). Cords of collaboration: Interests and ethnicity in the UK’s public stem cell inventory. New Genetics and Society, 34(3), 319–337.
World Cord Blood Inventory. (2013). Available at https://parentsguidecordblood.org/en/news/world-cord-blood-inventory-2012. Accessed July 2018.
World Health Organisation. (2014). Guideline: Delayed umbilical cord clamping for improved maternal and infant health and nutrition outcomes. Guidelines: World Health Organisation.
World Marrow Donor Association. (2013). Financial/activities report. WMDA.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Copyright information
© 2019 The Author(s)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Brown, N. (2019). Blood Ties and the Immunitary Bioeconomy. In: Immunitary Life. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-55247-1_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-55247-1_2
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-137-55246-4
Online ISBN: 978-1-137-55247-1
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)