Abstract
This chapter is the first of two historical sociology chapters that use genealogy to historicize the meanings of freedom, Black British identity and Black womanhood presented in the previous chapters. As an ontology of the present, the aim of Chaps. 5 and 6 is to identify the conjunctures informing the changing temporalities of what we have identified as liberal-colonial governmentality, as it has targeted and sought to shape African-Caribbean women as both subjects of freedom and subjects of British liberal-colonial rule—that is, racial governmentality. These two chapters also reveal the double articulation of the colonial relation in which British ideas of freedom, race, gender and citizenship have been elaborated and reformed within a colonial circulation of power, interests and influence, in which the interests of the metropole and the colonies have been mutually dependent.
Notes
- 1.
The discussions of this that follow will not address the intersectional politics of reproductive rights, support for the family through the taxation and welfare benefits system, and social policy discourses of ‘population’, which have informed public debates about immigration in Britain.
- 2.
The problems posed for Asian communities were often perceived to be caused by the excess of cultural difference and its impact on Asian migrants’ cultural adaptation and integration into British social and cultural norms.
- 3.
David Cameron’s speech at the Munich Security Conference, Saturday 5 February 2011. https://www.gov.uk/government/speeches/pms-speech-at-munich-security-conference.
- 4.
We should note that Hindu and Muslim marriages were not given legal status in Trinidad law until 1945.
- 5.
Although the report was completed in 1939, it was not published until 1945, although many of its recommendations had already been implemented by then.
References
Abbas, T. 2004. After 9/11: British South Asian Muslims, Islamophobia, Multiculturalism, and the State. American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 21 (3): 26–38.
Bannerji, Himani. 2001. Inventing Subjects: Studies in Hegemony, Patriarchy and Colonialism. New Delhi: Tulika.
Benson, S. 1996. Asians Have Culture, West Indians Have Problems: Discourses of Race and Ethnicity in and out of Anthropology. In Culture, Identity and Politics, ed. Terence Ranger, Yunas Samad and Ossie Stuart. Aldershot: Avebury Press.
Beveridge, Sir William. 1942. The Report of the Inter-Departmental Committee on Social Insurance and Allied Services. The Beveridge Report. London: H.M.S.O.
Bolland, Nigel O. 2001a. On the March: Labour Rebellions in the British Caribbean, 1934–1939. Kingston, Jamaica: Ian Randle Publishers.
———. 2001b. The Politics of Labour in the British Caribbean: The Social Origins of Authoritarianism and Democracy in the Labour Movement. Kingston, Jamaica: Ian Randle.
Bolles, A.Lynn. 2005. Making Women Matter: Anglophone Caribbean Trades Union Leaders. In Revisiting Caribbean Labor: Essays in Honor of O. Nigel Bolland, ed. Constance R. Sutton. Kingston, Jamaica: Ian Randle.
Brah, Avtar. 1996. Cartographies of Diaspora: Contesting Identities. London, New York: Routledge.
Byron, Margaret. 1998. Migration, Work and Gender: The Case of Post War Labour Migration from the Caribbean to Britain. In Caribbean Migration: Globalised Identities, ed. Mary Chamberlain. London, New York: Routledge.
Cameron, David. 2011a. David Cameron’s Commons Statement on the Riots 11 August 2011. Accessed 15 May 2016. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-14492789.
Cameron, David. 2011b. Prime Minister’s Speech at Munich Security Conference February 5, 2011. Accessed 15 May 2016. https://www.gov.uk/government/speeches/pms-speech-at-munich-security-conference.
Christian, Mark. 2008. The Fletcher Report 1930: A Historical Case Study of Contested Black Mixed Heritage Britishness. Journal of Historical Sociology 21 (2–3): 213–241.
De Barros, Juanita. 2014. Reproducing the British Caribbean: Sex, Gender, and Population Politics after Slavery. Chapel Hill: UNC Press Books.
Fawcett Society. 2011. Single Mothers: Singled Out—The Impact of 2010–15 Tax and Benefit Changes on Women and Men. Accessed 16 June 2016. http://www.rosswa.co.uk/single-mothers-singled-out-the-impact-of-2010-15-tax-and-benefit-changes-on-women-and-men/.
French, Joan. 1988. Colonial Policy Towards Women After the 1938 Uprising: The Case of Jamaica. Caribbean Quarterly, 34 (3–4): 38–61.
Furedi, Frank. 1998. The Silent War: Imperialism and the Changing Perception of Race. London: Pluto.
Grosfoguel, RamĂ³n. 1998. Modes of Incorporation: Colonial Caribbean Migrants in Western Europe and the United States. In Caribbean Migration: Colonial Identities, ed. Mary Chamberlain. London, New York: Routledge.
Harrison, John. 2011. The Colonial Legacy and Social Policy in the Caribbean. In Colonialism and Welfare: Social Policy and the British Imperial Legacy, ed. James Midgley and David Piachaud. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar.
Hesse, Barnor. 2000a. Black Britain’s Postcolonial Formations. In Un/Settled Multiculturalisms: Diasporas, Entanglements, ‘Transruptions’, ed. Barnor Hesse. London, New York: Zed Books.
———. 2000b. Introduction. In Un/Settled Multiculturalisms: Diaporas, Entanglements, ‘Transruptions’, ed. Barnor Hesse. London, New York: Zed Books.
Hewitt, Hermi. 2002. Trailblazers in Nursing Education: A Caribbean Perspective, 1946–1986. Kingston, Jamaica: Canoe Press.
Holdsworth, Clare, and Angela Dale. 1997. Ethnic Differences in Women’s Employment. Work, Employment & Society 11 (3): 435–457.
Holloway, Gerry. 2005. Women and Work in Britain since 1840. London: Routledge.
Jenson, Jane, and Mariette Sineau. 2001. Who Cares? Women’s Work, Childcare and Welfare State Redesign. Toronto, London: University of Toronto Press.
Jones, Rose Harriet. 2001. The State and Social Policy. In Women in 20th Century Britain: Social, Cultural and Political Change, ed. Ina Zweiniger-Bargielowska. Harlow, Essex: Pearson Education.
Kent, Susan Kingsley. 1999. Gender and Power in Britain, 1640–1990. London, New York: Routledge.
Lawrence, Errol. 1982. In the Abundance of Water the Fool Is Thirsty: Sociology and Black ‘Pathology’. In The Empire Strikes Back: Race and Racism in 70s Britain, ed. Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies. London, Melbourne: Hutchinson.
Lentin, Alana, and Gavan Titley. 2012. The Crisis of ‘Multiculturalism’ in Europe: Mediated Minarets, Intolerable Subjects. European Journal of Cultural Studies 15 (2): 123–138.
McDowell, Linda. 2013. Working Lives: Gender, Migration and Employment in Britain, 1945–2007. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.
Moyne, Lord. 1945. The Report of The West India Royal Commission. The Moyne Report. London: H.M.S.O.
Paton, Diana. 2009. Obeah Acts: Producing and Policing the Boundaries of Religion in the Caribbean. Small Axe 28: 10–18.
Peach, Ceri. 1991. The Caribbean in Europe: Contrasting Patterns of Migration and Settlement in Britain, France and the Netherlands. Research Paper in Ethnic Relations No. 15. Centre for Research in Ethnic Relations, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.
Reddock, Rhoda. 1994. Women, Labour and Politics in Trinidad and Tobago: A History. London, Atlantic Highlands, NJ: Zed Books.
Rush, Anne Spry. 2011. Bonds of Empire: West Indians and Britishness from Victoria to Decolonization. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Seekings, Jeremy. 2005. Visions, Hopes and Views about the Future: The Radical Moment of South African Welfare Reform. In South Africa’s 1940s: Worlds of Possibilities, ed. Saul Dubow and Alan Jeeves. Cape Town: Double Storey.
Sheller, Mimi. 1998. Quasheba, Mother, Queen: Black Women’s Public Leadership and Political Protest in Post-Emancipation Jamaica, 1834–65. Slavery and Abolition 19 (3): 90–117.
Sinha, Mrinalini. 1995. Colonial Masculinity: The ‘Manly Englishman’ and the ‘Effeminate Bengali’ in the Late Nineteenth Century. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
Spencer, Ian R.G. 1997. British Immigration Policy since 1939: The Making of Multi-Racial Britain. London, New York: Routledge.
Stoler, Ann L. 1989. Making Empire Respectable: The Politics of Race and Sexual Morality in 20th-Century Colonial Cultures. American Ethnologist 16 (4): 634–660.
———. 2002. Carnal Knowledge and Imperial Power: Race and the Intimate in Colonial Rule. Berkeley, London: University of California.
Webster, Wendy. 1998. Imagining Home: Gender Race and National Identity 1945–64. London: UCL Press.
———. 2005. Englishness and Empire 1939–1965. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Copyright information
© 2016 The Author(s)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Noble, D. (2016). Two Reports, One Empire: Race and Gender in British Post-War Social Welfare Discourse. In: Decolonizing and Feminizing Freedom. Thinking Gender in Transnational Times. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-44951-1_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-44951-1_5
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-137-44950-4
Online ISBN: 978-1-137-44951-1
eBook Packages: Social SciencesSocial Sciences (R0)