Skip to main content

Complex Systems and International Political Economy: The Externalities/Governmental-Influence Theory of the Firm

  • Chapter
  • First Online:

Abstract

This Chapter presents a new theory of the corporate entity, economic growth (the Externalities/Governmental Theory) and bankruptcy/financial distress; and discusses the growing relationships among government and the private sector, and the sociological, public policy and legal issues that influence the creation and evolution of corporate entities and sometimes result in financial distress. These theories can be helpful in modeling the rates of business formation, corporate financial distress and corporate bankruptcy; and in modeling the evolution of corporate entities.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   99.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD   129.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    On different approaches to the theory-of-the-firm, See Metjahic (2018), Davidson et al. (2016), Reijers et al. (2016), Barr and Saraceno (2002), Samuel and Jacobsen (1997), Paredes-Frigolett et al. (2017), Wright (June 2017), Earnest and Wilkinson (2018), Varian (June 2018), Glocer (2017), Liu (December 12, 2017), Allen and Overy (2016), Ciepley (2013), Langlois (1995), Gifford (1991), Kaisla (2001), Witt and Schubert (2008), Anderson (1999), Ghoshal et al. (1995), Lewin (1998), Langlois (2006), Langlois and Robertson (1993/2002), Brown and Eisenhardt (1997), Schneider and Somers (2006), Teece (2015, 2016), Estola (2001), Kwasnicki (2001), Lomi and Larsen (1998), Akgün et al. (2014), Thompson and Valentinov (2017), Hölzl (2005), Paredes-Frigolett et al. (2017), Song and Bae (2016), Dominici (2017), Hsiao et al. (2010), Tsay et al. (2018), Alghalith (2008), Mondani et al. (2014), Yamasaki et al. (2006), Buldyrev et al. (2016), Fu et al. (2005), Lee et al. (1998), and Riccaboni et al. (2008).

References

  • Adler, B. (1993). Financial and Political Theories of American Corporate Bankruptcy. Stanford Law Review, 45(2), 311–346.

    Google Scholar 

  • Agarwal, R., Barney, J., Foss, N., & Klein, P. G. (2009). Heterogeneous Resources and the Financial Crisis: Implications of Strategic Management Theory. Strategic Organization, 7, 467–484.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Akgün, A., Keskin, H., & Byrne, J. (2014). Complex Adaptive Systems Theory and Firm Product Innovativeness. Journal of Engineering and Technology Management, 31, 21–42.

    Google Scholar 

  • Aleksiejuk, A., & Holyst, J. (2001). A Simple Model of Bank Bankruptcies. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and Its Applications, 299(1–2), 198–204.

    Google Scholar 

  • Alessandrini, F. (1999). Credit Risk, Interest Rate Risk and the Business Cycle. Journal of Fixed Income, 9(2), 42–53.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Alghalith, M. (2008). Recent Applications of Theory of the Firm Under Uncertainty. European Journal of Operational Research, 186(2), 443–450.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, P. (1999). Perspective: Complexity Theory and Organization Science. Organization Science, 10(3), 216–232.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Argote, L., & Greve, H. (2007). A Behavioral Theory of the Firm—40 Years and Counting: Introduction and Impact. Organization Science, 18(3), 337–349.

    Google Scholar 

  • Arrow, K. (1985). Informational Structure of the Firm. In The Theory of Economic Organizations. American Economic Association Papers & Proceedings, Vol. 75.

    Google Scholar 

  • Auerswald, P. (2008). Entrepreneurship in the Theory of the Firm. Small Business Economics, 30(2), 111–126.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baird, D., & Picker, R. (1991). A Simple Non-cooperative Bargaining Model of Corporate Reorganization. Journal of Legal Studies, 20, 311–349.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baker, G., & Hubbard, T. (2001). Empirical Strategies in Contract Economics: Information and the Boundary of the Firm. American Economic Association Papers & Proceedings, American Economic Review, 91(2), 193–197.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barr, J., & Saraceno, F. (2002). A Computational Theory of the Firm. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 49(3), 345–361.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bellu, R., Davidsson, P., & Goldfarb, C. (1990). Toward a Theory of Entrepreneurial Behavior—Empirical Evidence from Israel, Italy and Sweden. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 2, 195–209.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bhargave, R., Chakravarti, A., & Guha, A. (2015). Two-Stage Decisions Increase Preference for Hedonic Options. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 130, 123–135.

    Google Scholar 

  • Biais, B., & Perotti, E. (2008). Entrepreneurs and New Ideas. RAND Journal of Economics, 39(4), 1105–1125.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boone, C., & Van Witteloostuijn, A. (2004). A Unified Theory of Market Partitioning: An Integration of Resource-Partitioning and Sunk Cost Theories. Industrial & Corporate Change, 13, 701–725.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boone, C., Van Olffen, W., & Van Witteloostvijn. (1998). Psychological Team Make up as a Determinant of Economic Firm Performance: An Experimental Study. Journal of Economic Psychology, 19, 43–73.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bowers, J. (1994). Rehabilitation, Redistribution or Dissipation: The Evidence for Choosing among Bankruptcy Hypothesis. Washington University Law Quarterly, 72, 955–960.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, S., & Eisenhardt, K. (1997). The Art of Continuous Change: Linking Complexity Theory and Time-Paced Evolution in Relentlessly Shifting Organizations. Administrative Science Quarterly, 42(1), 1–34.

    Google Scholar 

  • Buldyrev, S., Salinger, M., & Stanley, E. (2016). A Statistical Physics Implementation of Coase’s Theory of the Firm. Research in Economics, 70(4), 536–557.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carbonara, N. (2002). New Models of Inter-firm Networks Within Industrial Districts. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 14(3), 229–246.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carsrud, A., & Johns, R. (1989). Entrepreneurship: A Social Psychological Perspective. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 1, 21–31.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chassagnon, V., & Hollandts, X. (2013). Who Are the Owners of the Firm: Shareholders, Employees or No One? Journal of Institutional Economics, 10(1), 47–69.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Choi, H. (2008, August). The Profitable Theory of the Firm (Working Paper). http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1149926.

  • Choi, Y., & Douady, R. (2013). Financial Crises and Contagion: Dynamical Systems Approach. In Handbook on Systemic Risk (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ciepley, D. A. (2013). Beyond Public and Private: Toward a Political Theory of the Corporation. American Political Science Review, 107(1), 139–158.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cordes, C., Recheòson, P., McElreath, R., & Ótrimling, P. (2008). A Naturalistic Approach to the Theory of the Firm: The Role of Cooperation and Cultural Evolution. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 68(1), 125–139.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Davidson, S., DeFilippi, P., & Potts, J. (2016). Blockchain and the Economic Institutions of Capitalism. Journal of Institutional Economics, 14(4), 639–658.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Davidsson, P., & Wiklund, J. (1997). Values, Beliefs and Regional Variations in New Firm Formation Rates. Journal of Economic Psychology, 18(2–3), 179–200.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • De Munnik, D., & Xu, K. (2007). Micro Foundations of Price-Setting Behavior: Evidence from Canadian Firms (Bank of Canada Working Paper #2007-31). http://www.bankofcanada.ca/wp-content/uploads/2010/02/wp07-31.pdf.

  • Di Guilmi, C., Gaffeo, E., & Gallegati, M. (2004). Bankruptcy as an Exit Mechanism for Systems with a Variable Number of Components. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and Its Applications, 344(1–2), 8–13.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dietrich, M. (2000). Accounting for the Economics of the Firm. Management Accounting Research, 12(2), 3–20.

    Google Scholar 

  • Doern, R., Williams, N., & Vorley, T. (2019). Special Issue on Entrepreneurship and Crises: Business as Usual? An Introduction and Review of the Literature. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 31(1–2), 400–412.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dominici, G. (2017). Governing Business Systems: Theories and Challenges for Systems Thinking in Practice. Systems Research & Behavioral Science, 34, 310–312.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dopfer, K., & Potts, J. (2009). On the Theory of Economic Evolution. Evolutionary and Institutional Economics Review, 6(1), 23–44.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dosi, G., Faillo, M., & Marengo, L. (2008). Organizational Capabilities, Patterns of Knowledge Accumulation and Governance Structures in Business Firms: An Introduction. Organization Studies, 29(8–9), 1165–1185.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Earnest, D., & Wilkinson, I. (2018). An Agent Based Model of the Evolution of Supplier Networks. Computational and Mathematical Organization Theory, 24(1), 112–144.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ebeling, W., Karmeshu, & Scharnhoff, A. (2001). Dynamics of Economic and Technological Search Processes in Complex Adaptive Landscapes. Advances in Complex Systems, 4, 71–88.

    Google Scholar 

  • Estola, M. (2001). A Dynamic Theory of a Firm: An Application of Economic Forces. Advances In Complex Systems, 4(1), 163–176.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Feldman, M. (2001). The Entrepreneurial Event Re-Visited: Firm Formation in a Regional Context. Industrial and Corporate Change, 10(4), 861–871.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Foss, K., & Klein, P. (2004). Entrepreneurship and the Economic Theory of the Firm: Any Gains from Trade? In R. Agarwal, S. A. Alvarez, & O. Sorenson (Eds.), Handbook of Entrepreneurship: Disciplinary Perspectives. Alphen aan den Rijn: Kluwer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Foss, K., Foss, N. J., & Klein, P. (2006). Original and Derived Judgment: An Entrepreneurial Theory of Economic Organization. Organization Studies, 28(12), 1893–1912.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Foster, G. (1980). Externalities and Financial Reporting. Journal of Finance, 35(2), 521–533.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fransman, M. (1994). Information, Knowledge, Vision and Theories of the Firm. Industrial and Corporate Change, 3(3), 713–757.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Freisner, D., & Rosenman, R. (2002). A Dynamic Property Rights Theory of the Firm. International Journal of the Economics of the Firm, 9(3), 311–333.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fu, D., et al. (2005). The Growth of Business Firms: Theoretical Framework and Empirical Evidence. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 102(52), 18801–18806.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fuelhart, K., & Glasmeier, A. (2003). Acquisition, Assessment and Use of Business Information By Small And Medium Sized Businesses: A Demand Perspective. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 15(3), 229–252.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fujiwara, Y. (2008). Chain of Firms’ Bankruptcy: A Macroscopic Study of Link Effect in a Production Network. Advances in Complex Systems, 11(5), 703–717.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Garrouste, P., & Saussier, S. (2005). Looking for a Theory of the Firm: Future Challenges. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 58, 178–199.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gatewood, E., Shaver, K., & Gartner, W. (1995). A Longitudnal Study of Cognitive Factors Influencing Startup Behaviors and Success of Venture Creation. Journal of Business Venturing, 10, 371–391.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gertner, R., & Scharfstein, D. (1991). A Theory of Workouts And The Effects of Reorganization Law. Journal of Finance, 1189.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ghoshal, S., Moran, P., & Almeida-Costa, L. (1995). The Essence of the Mega-corporation: Shared Context, Not Structural Hierarchy. Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics, 151, 748–759.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gibbons, R. (2005). Four Formlizable Theories of the Firm? Journal of Economic Behavior and Organizations, 58(2), 200–245.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gifford, A. (1991). A Constitutional Interpretation of the Firm. Public Choice, 68(1–3), 91–106.

    Google Scholar 

  • Glocer, T. (2017). Blockchain, Coase and the Theory of the Firm. http://www.tomglocer.com/2017/10/23/blockchain-coase-and-the-theory-of-the-firm/.

  • Grandori, A. (2010). Asset Commitment, Constitutional Governance and the Nature of the firm. Journal of Institutional Economics, 6(3), 351–375.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Greve, H. (2003). Investment and the Behavioral Theory of the Firm: Evidence from Shipbuilding. Industrial and Corporate Change, 12, 1051–1076.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Habermeier, K., Mancini-Griffoli, T., Dell’Ariccia, G., et al. (2015, September). Monetary Policy and Financial Stability. IMF Staff Report. International Monetary Fund, Washington, DC, USA. http://www.imf.org/external/np/pp/eng/2015/082815a.pdf.

  • Hallberg, N. (2015). Uncertainty, Judgment, and the Theory of the Firm. Journal of Institutional Economics, 11(3), 623–650.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hansemark, O. (2003). Need for Achievement, Locus of Control and the Prediction of Business Startups: A Longitudnal Approach. Journal of Economic Psychology, 24, 301–319.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harrison, R. (2004). Models of Growth in Organizational Ecology: A Simulation Assessment. Industrial and Corporate Change, 13, 243–261.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hart, O. (1995). Firms, Contracts and Financial Structure. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Hart, P. (2000). Theories of Firms’ Growth and the Generation of Jobs. Review of Industrial Organization, 17, 229–248.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hart, O., & Moore, J. (1990). Property Rights and the Nature of the Firm. Journal of Political Economy, 98, 1119–1158.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hawawini, G., Subramanian, V., & Verdin, P. (2003). Is Performance Driven By Industry—Or Firm-Specific Factors? A New Look at the Evidence. Strategic Management Journal, 24, 1–16.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hellman, T. (2005, July). Entrepreneurship in the Theory of the Firm: The Process of Obtaining Resources (Working Paper, University of British Columbia). http://strategy.sauder.ubc.ca/hellmann/pdfs/Entrepreneurship_Hellmann_July_2005.pdf.

  • Henrich, J., Boyd, R., Bowles, S., et al. (2001). In Search of Homo Economicus: Behavioral Experiments in Fifteen Small-Scale Societies. American Economic Association Papers & Proceedings, American Economic Review, 91(2), 73–78.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hofer, C., Jäger, G., & Füllsack, M. (2018). Critical Transitions and Early Warning Signals in Repeated Cooperation Games. Journal of Dynamics & Games, 5(3), 223–230.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Holmstrom, B. (1999). The Firm as a Sub-economy. Journal of Law Economics and Organization, 15, 74–102.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Holmstrom, B., & Hart, O. (2010). A Theory of Firm Scope. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 125(2), 483–513.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hölzl, W. (2005). The Evolutionary Theory of the Firm. Routines, Complexity And Change (Working Papers Series “Growth and Employment in Europe: Sustainability and Competitiveness”, 46. Inst. für Volkswirtschaftstheorie und -politik, WU Vienna). Vienna: University of Economics and Business.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hsiao, C., Chang, P., & Ho, S. (2010). Applying Evolutionary Perspective to Analyse the TFT-LCD Industry Development in Taiwan. Systems Research & Behavioral Science, 28(3), 283–300.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hua, Z., Sun, Y., & Xu, X. (2011). Operational Causes of Bankruptcy Propagation in Supply Chain. Decision Support Systems, 51(3), 671–681.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Inarra, E., Laruelle, A., & Zuazo-Garin, P. (2015). Games with Perception. Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 64–65, 58–65.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Islankina, E., & Thurner, T. (2018). Internationalization of Cluster Initiatives in Russia: Empirical Evidence. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 30(7–8), 776–799.

    Google Scholar 

  • James, H. (2003). Employment Contracts, US Common Law and the Theory of the Firm. International Journal of the Economics of the Firm, 10(1), 49–65.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaisla, J. (2001). Extending the Constitutional Theory of the Firm By Introducing Conventions (Working Paper).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaufman, B. (2003). The Organization of Economic Activity: Insights from the Institutional Theory of John R. Commons. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 52(1), 71–96.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Keen, S., Legge, J., Fishburn, G., & Standish, R. (2004). Aggregation Fallacies in the Theory of the Firm (Working Paper). http://www.debunkingeconomics.com/Papers/Micro/Keenetal2004SS_AER_Names.pdf.

  • Kemelgor, B. (2002). A Comparative Analysis of Corporate Entrepreneurial Orientation Between Selected Firms In The Netherlands and The US. Entrepreneurship And Regional Development, 14(1), 67–87.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Knight, F. (1921). Risk, Uncertainty and Profit. Boston and New York: Houghton Mifflin Co., The Riverside Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kulik, B., & Baker, T. (2008). Putting the Organization Back into Computational Organization Theory: A Complex Perrowian Model of Organizational Action. Computational and Mathematical Organization Theory, 14(2), 84–119.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kupetz, D. (1999). The Bankruptcy Code Is Part of Every Contract. The Business Lawyer, 54, 55.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kwasnicki, W. (2001). Firm Decision Making Processes in an Evolutionary Model of Industrial Dynamics. Advances in Complex Systems, 4(1), 101–125.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Laitinen, E. (2001). Management Accounting Change in Small Technology Companies: Towards a Mathematical Model of the Technology Firm. Management Accounting Research, 12(4), 507–541.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Langlois, R. (1995). Do Firms Plan? Constitutional Political Economy, 6, 247–261.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Langlois, R. (2006). Competition Through Institutional Form: The Case of Cluster Tool Standards. In S. Greenstein & V. Stango (Eds.), Standards and Public Policy (pp. 60–86). New York: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Langlois, R. (2007a). The Austrian Theory of the Firm: Retrospect and Prospect. Paper for the conference “Austrian Market Based Approaches to the Theory and Operation of the Business Firm”, George Mason Law School, May, Arlington, VA, USA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Langlois R (2007b). The Entrepreneurial Theory of the Firm and the Theory of the Entrepreneurial Firm. Journal of Management Studies, 44(7), 1107–1124.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Langlois, R., & Robertson, R. (1993/2002). Business Organization as a Coordination Problem: Toward a Dynamic Theory of the Boundaries of the Firm. Business and Economic History, 22(1), 31–41 (Fall). Reprinted in R. N. Langlois, T. F. L. Yu, & P. L. Robertson (Eds.), Alternative Theories of the Firm (Volume III). Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.

    Google Scholar 

  • Laskovaia, A., Marino, L., et al. (2019). Expect the Unexpected: Examining the Shaping Role of Entrepreneurial Orientation on Causal and Effectual Decision-making Logic during Economic Crisis. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 31(1–2), 456–475.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Laukkanen, M., & Nittykangas, H. (2003). Local Developers as Virtual Entrepreneurs—Do Difficult Surroundings Need Initiating Interventions? Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 15(4), 309–331.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lee, Y., et al. (1998). Universal Features in the Growth Dynamics of Complex Organizations. Physics Review Letters, 80(15), 3275–3278.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lewin, P. (1998). The Firm, Money and Economic Calculation: Considering the Institutional Nexus of Market Production. American Journal of Economics and Sociology, 57(4), 499–512.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lewin, P., & Phelan, S. (2000). An Austrian Theory of the Firm. The Review of Austrian Economics, 13(1), 59–79.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li, J., Qu, J., & Huang, Q. (2018). Why are Some Graduate Entrepreneurs More Innovative Than Others? The Effect of Human Capital, Psychological Factor and Entrepreneurial Rewards on Entrepreneurial Innovativeness. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 30(5–6), 479–501.

    Google Scholar 

  • Libeskind, J. (1996). Knowledge, Strategy and the Theory of the Firm. Strategic Management Journal, 17, 93–107.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Linarelli, J. (2010). Organizations Matter: They Are Institutions, After All. Journal of Institutional Economics, 6(1), 83–90.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liu, J. (2017, December 12). Blockchain, Decentralisation, and the ‘Theory of the Firm’. https://medium.com/the-pointy-end/blockchain-decentralisation-and-the-theory-of-the-firm-92649c62350d.

  • Lomi, A., & Larsen, E. (1998). Density Delay and Organizational Survival: Computational Models and Empirical Comparisons. Computational & Mathematical Organization Theory, 3(4), 219–247.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • LoPucki, L. (1993). Corporate Governance in the Bankruptcy Reorganization of Large Publicly-Held Companies. University Of Pennsylvannia Law Review, 141(1), 669–800.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Matouschek, N. (2004). Ex-post Inefficiencies in a Property Rights Theory of the Firm. Journal of Law Economics and Organization, 20, 125–147.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meantysaari, P. (2012). “Economic Theories of the Firm”. In Chapter 2 of Organizing the Firm: Theories of Commercial Law, Corporate Law and Corporate Governance. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.

    Google Scholar 

  • Metjahic, L. (2018). Deconstructing The Dao: The Need For Legal Recognition And The Application of Securities Laws To Decentralized Organizations. Cardozo Law Review, 39, 1533–1550.

    Google Scholar 

  • Migdał, P., Rączaszek-Leonardi, J., Denkiewicz, M., & Plewczynski, D. (2012). Information-Sharing and Aggregation Models for Interacting Minds. Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 56(6), 417–426.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mondani, H., Holme, P., & Liljeros, F. (2014). Fat-Tailed Fluctuations in the Size of Organizations: The Role of Social Influence. PLoS ONE, 9(7), e100527. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0100527.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moro, A., Fink, M., et al. (2018). Loan Managers’ Decisions and Trust in Entrepreneurs in Different Institutional Contexts. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 30(1–2), 146–172.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Morroni, M. (2011). Overcoming Cournot’s Dilemma on Increasing Returns and Competition Through an Integrated Perspective on the Firm. Evolutionary and Institutional Economics Review, 81(1), 159–175.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Müller, S., & Korsgaard, S. (2018). Resources and Bridging: The Role of Spatial Context in Rural Entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 30(1–2), 224–255.

    Google Scholar 

  • Muro, S. (2008). Bankruptcy Control and the Theory of the Firm (Latin American and Caribbean Law and Economics Association (ALACDE) Annual Papers).

    Google Scholar 

  • Nonaka, I., & Toyama, R. (2002). A Firm as a Dialectical Being: Towards a Dynamic Theory of a Firm. Industrial and Corporate Change, 11(5), 995–1009.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Noteboom, B. (2006). Elements of a Cognitive Theory of the Firm. Advances in Austrian Economics, 9, 145–175.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nowak, N., Vallacher, R., & Borkowski, W. (2000). Modeling the Temporal Coordination of Behavior and Internal States. Advances in Complex Systems, 3, 67–86.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nuesch, S. (2015). Dual-Class Shares, External Financing Needs, and Firm Performance. Journal of Management & Governance, 20(3), 525–551.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nurbayev, D. (2018). The Rule of Law, Central Bank Independence and Price Stability. Journal of Institutional Economics, 14(4), 659–687.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nwogugu, M. (2017). Anomalies in Net Present Value, Returns and Polynomials, and Regret Theory in Decision Making. Palgrave Macmillan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Palacios-Huerta, I., & Santos, T. (2004). A Theory of Markets, Institutions, and Endogenous Preferences. Journal of Public Economics, 88(3–4), 601–627.

    Google Scholar 

  • Paredes-Frigolett, H., Nachar-Calderón, P., & Marcuello, C. (2017). Modeling the Governance of Cooperative Firms. Computational & Mathematical Organization Theory, 23(1), 122–166.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Plunket, A., & Saussier, S. (2003). Human Asset Specificity in Alternative Theories of the Firms: How to Rule Out Competing Views. Economie et Institutions, 3, 103–130.

    Google Scholar 

  • Poppo, L., & Zenger, T. (1998). Testing Alternative Theories of the Firm: Transaction Cost, Knowledge Based, and Measurement Explanations for Make-or-Buy Decisions in Information Services. Strategic Management Journal, 10, 853–877.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Prietula, M., & Watson, H. S. (2008). When Behavior Matters: Games and Computation in a Behavioral Theory of the Firm. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 66(1), 74–94.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Propris, L. (2003). Types of Innovation and Interfirm Cooperation. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 15(1), 337–353.

    Google Scholar 

  • Quax, R., Chliamovitch, G., Dupuis, A., et al. (2018). Information Processing Features Can Detect Behavioral Regimes of Dynamical Systems. Complexity, vol. 2018, Article ID 6047846.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rai, T., & Diermeier, D. (2015). Corporations Are Cyborgs: Organizations Elicit Anger but Not Sympathy When They Can Think but Cannot Feel. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 126, 18–26.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rajan, R., & Zingales, L. (2001). The Influence of the Financial Revolution on the Nature of Firms. American Economic Association Papers & Proceedings, American Economic Review, 91(2), 206–210.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reijers, W., O’Brolchain, F., & Haynes, P. (2016). Governance in Blockchain Technologies and Social Contract Theories. Ledger, 1(1), 134–151.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Riccaboni, M., et al. (2008). The Size Variance Relationship of Business Firm Growth Rates. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 105(50), 19595–19600.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ruester, S., & Neumann, A. (2009). Linking alternative Theories of the Firm—A First Empirical Application to the Liquefied Natural Gas Industry. Journal of Institutional Economics, 5(1), 47–64.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Samuel, Y., & Jacobsen, C. (1997). A System Dynamics Model of Planned Organizational Change. Computational & Mathematical Organization Theory, 3(3), 151–171.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • San Martin, A., Swaab, R., Sinaceur, M., & Vasiljevic, D. (2015). The Double-Edged Impact of Future Expectations in Groups: Minority Influence Depends on Minorities’ and Majorities’ Expectations to Interact Again. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 128, 49–60.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sánchez-Pérez, J. (2018). On the Linearity Property for Allocation Problems and Bankruptcy Problems. Journal of Dynamics & Games, 5(1), 9–20.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sánchez-Sánchez, F., & Vargas-Valencia, M. (2018). Games with Nested Constraints Given by a Level Structure. Journal of Dynamics & Games, 5(2), 95–107.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sarasvathy, S. (2003). Entrepreneurship as a Science of the Artificial. Journal of Economic Psychology, 24, 203–220.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sartorius, K., & Kirsten, J. (2005). The Boundaries of the Firm: Why Do Sugar Producers Outsource Sugarcane Production? Management Accounting Research, 16(1), 81–99.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schmitz, P. W. (2006). Information Gathering, Transaction Costs, and the Property Rights Approach. American Economic Review, 96(1), 422–434.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schneider, M., & Somers, M. (2006). Organizations as Complex Adaptive Systems: Implications of Complexity Theory for Leadership Research. The Leadership Quarterly, 17(4), 351–365.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sieczka, P., Sornette, D., & Holyst, J. A. (2011). The Lehman Brothers Effect and Bankruptcy Cascades. European Physics Journal-B, 82, 257–259.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Skeel, D. (1998). An Evolutionary Theory of Corporate Law and Corporate Bankruptcy (Working Paper). USA: University of Pennsylvania. https://scholarship.law.upenn.edu/faculty_scholarship/1300.

  • Song, I., & Bae, J. (2016). Politics, Strong Institution and Competitive Advantage: An Examination of Organizational Aspiration for Competition. Computational & Mathematical Organization Theory, 22(4), 412–443.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Spulber, D. (2008). Entrepreneurs in the Theory of the Firm (Working Paper, Northwestern University, USA). http://www.aeaweb.org/annual_mtg_papers/2008/2008_95.pdf.

  • Stiglitz, J. (1972). Some Aspects of the Pure Theory of Corporate Finance: Bankruptcies and Takeovers. Bell Journal of Economics & Management Science, 3(2).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tabata, M., Eshima, N., & Takagi, I. (2002). An Infinite Continuous Model Which Derives from a Finite Discrete Model Describing the Time Evolution of the Density of Firms. Applied Mathematics and Computation, 125(1), 105–132.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Teece, D. (2015). Intangible Assets and a Theory of Heterogeneous Firms. In A. Bounfour & T. Miyagawa (Eds.), Intangibles, Market Failure and Innovation Performance (pp. 217–239). New York: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Teece, D. (2016). Dynamic Capabilities and Entrepreneurial Management in Large Organizations: Toward a Theory of the (Entrepreneurial) Firm. European Economic Review, 86, 202–216.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thompson, S., & Valentinov, V. (2017). The Neglect of Society in the Theory of the Firm: A Systems-Theory Perspective. Cambridge Journal of Economics, 41(4), 1061–1085.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Todtiling, F., & Wanzenbock, H. (2003). Regional Differences in Structural Characteristics of Startups. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 15(4), 351–370.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tsay, A., Gray, J., Noh, I., & Mahoney, J. (2018). A Review of Production and Operations Management Research on Outsourcing in Supply Chains: Implications for the Theory of the Firm. Production & Operations Management, 27(7), 1177–1220.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tyszka, T. (1994). How do People Perceive Economic Activities? Journal of Economic Psychology, 15, 651–668.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tyszka, T., & Sokolowska, J. (1992). Perceptions and Judgments of the Economic System. Journal of Economic Psychology, 13, 421–448.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Dijk, P., & Sverisson, A. (2003). Enterprise Clusters in Developing Countries: Mechanisms of Transition and Stagnation. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 15(3), 183–206.

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Witteoostuijin, A., & Boone, C. (2003). Toward a Game Theory of Organizational Ecology: Production Adjustment Costs and Managerial Growth Preferences. Strategic Organization, 1(3), 259–270.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Varian, H. (2018, June). Artificial Intelligence, Economics, and Industrial Organization (Working Paper).

    Google Scholar 

  • Walsh, A. (2009). A Mengerian Theory of the Origins of the Business Firm. Studies in Emergent Order, 2, 54–75. http://studiesinemergentorder.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=103:a-mengerian-theory-of-the-origins-of-the-business-firm&catid=53:academic-articles&Itemid=1.

  • Westhead, P., Wright, M., & Ucbasaran, D. (2004). Internationalization of Private Firm: Environmental Turbulence and Organizational Strategies and Resources. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 16(6), 501–508.

    Google Scholar 

  • Whinston, M. (2001). Assessing the Property Rights and Transaction-Cost Theories of Firm Scope. American Economic Association Papers & Proceedings. American Economic Review, 91(2), 184–188.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wiltshire, J., Bourdage, J., & Lee, K. (2014). Honesty-Humility and Perceptions of Organizational Politics in Predicting Workplace Outcomes. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 29(2), 235–251.

    Google Scholar 

  • Witt, U. (2007). Firms as Realizations of Entrepreneurial Visions. Journal of Management Studies, 44(7), 1125–1140.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Witt, U., & Schubert, C. (2008). Constitutional Interests in the Face of Innovations: How Much Do We Need to Know About Risk Preferences? Constitutional Political Economy, 19, 203–225.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wright, C. (2017, June). Proof-of-Work as It Relates to the Theory of the Firm. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2993312 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2993312.

  • Xiao, L., & North, D. (2018). The Role of Technological Business Incubators in Supporting Business Innovation in China: A Case of Regional Adaptability? Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 30(1–2), 29–57.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yamasaki, N., et al. (2006). Preferential Attachment and Growth Dynamics in Complex Systems. Physics Review-E, 74(035103R), 1–4.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yu, T. (1999). Toward A Praxeological Theory of The Firm. Review of Austrian Economics, 12, 25–41.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Copyright information

© 2019 The Author(s)

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Nwogugu, M.I.C. (2019). Complex Systems and International Political Economy: The Externalities/Governmental-Influence Theory of the Firm. In: Complex Systems, Multi-Sided Incentives and Risk Perception in Companies. Palgrave Macmillan, London. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-44704-3_12

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-44704-3_12

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, London

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-137-44703-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-137-44704-3

  • eBook Packages: Economics and FinanceEconomics and Finance (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics