Some of the methods of coupling optical energy into or out of a waveguide were mentioned briefly in Chapter 6. In this chapter, we shall consider in more detail the various coupling techniques that can be used. The methods that are employed for coupling an optical beam between two waveguides are different from those used for coupling an optical beam in free space to a waveguide. Also, some couplers selectively couple energy to a given waveguide mode, while others are multimode. Each type of coupler has its attendant set of advantages and disadvantages; none is clearly best for all applications. Hence, a knowledge of coupler characteristics is necessary for the OIC user, as well as for the designer.
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Hunsperger, R.G. (2009). Waveguide Input and Output Couplers. In: Integrated Optics. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/b98730_7
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