Beginning in about 1990, a new trend became significant in the field of integrated optics; it is the merging of photonic devices and systems with those of RF (radio frequency) and microwaves. Our telecom/datacom systems mostly now have been converted to lightwave systems, employing optical fibers and integrated optic devices. These systems have vastly increased the capacity and effectiveness of worldwide communications networks, as discussed in Chapter 20. However, they leave still a missing link to the end user. We are a mobile society and it isn’t always convenient to be connected to the network by a glass fiber or a metal wire. This has led to the development of “wireless” radio communications networks based on the transmission of RF or microwave signals through the air. However, it is not practical for everyone to carry a high-power radio transceiver. By combining short-distance, lowpower wireless system with lightwave systems employing optical fibers and OICs for long distance transmission, we have made it possible, for example, for a person (or computer) traveling in a vehicle say in Los Angeles to communicate with one in a vehicle in major cities in Europe or Asia. The combination of fiber-optics for long-distance point-to-point communications and microwaves for short-range wireless communications provides high data rates, high levels of security and reliable mobile communications.
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Hunsperger, R.G. (2009). Photonic and Microwave Wireless Systems. In: Integrated Optics. Springer, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/b98730_21
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