Skip to main content

Analysis of Polysaccharides by Ultracentrifugation. Size, Conformation and Interactions in Solution

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Polysaccharides I

Part of the book series: Advances in Polymer Science ((POLYMER,volume 186))

Abstract

The launch of the XL-I analytical ultracentrifuge by Beckman Instruments (Palo Alto, USA) in 1996 and subsequent development of penetrating software for the analysis of the optical records digitally recorded in this new generation instrument has made some exciting possibilities for the analysis of polysaccharides in a solution environment. We review these developments and investigate the application of the technique to the study of polysaccharide polydispersity, molecular weight analysis, conformation and flexibility analysis, the study of associative interactions, including large complex formation phenomena, and to the measurement of charge and charge-shielding phenomena.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Tombs MP, Harding SE (1997) An Introduction to Polysaccharide Biotechnology. Taylor and Francis, London

    Google Scholar 

  2. Harding SE, Rowe AJ, Horton JC (eds) (1992) Analytical Ultracentrifugation in Biochemistry and Polymer Science. Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, UK

    Google Scholar 

  3. Burchard W (1992) In: Harding SE, Sattelle DB, Bloomfield VA (eds) Laser Light Scattering in Biochemistry. Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, UK, 3

    Google Scholar 

  4. Wyatt PJ (1992) In: Harding SE, Sattelle DB, Bloomfield VA (eds) Laser Light Scattering in Biochemistry. Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, UK, 35

    Google Scholar 

  5. Pavlov G, Finet S, Tatarenko K, Korneeva E, Ebel C (2003) Eur Biophys J 32:437

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Harding SE (1997) Prog Biophys Mol Biol 68:207

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Van der Merwe A (2001) In: Harding SE, Chowdhry BZ (eds) Protein-Ligand Interactions: Hydrodynamics and Calorimetry. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, 137

    Google Scholar 

  8. Lapasin R, Pricl S (1995) Rheology of Industrial Polysaccharides. Theory and Applications. Blackie, London

    Google Scholar 

  9. Harding SE (1992) In: Harding SE, Rowe AJ, Horton JC (eds) Analytical Ultracentrifugation in Biochemistry and Polymer Science. Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, UK, 495

    Google Scholar 

  10. Lavrenko PN, Linow KJ, Görnitz E (1992) In: Harding SE, Rowe AJ, Horton JC (eds) Analytical Ultracentrifugation in Biochemistry and Polymer Science. Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, UK, 517

    Google Scholar 

  11. Harding SE (1993) Gums and Stabilisers for the Food Industry 8:55

    Google Scholar 

  12. Harding SE (1995) Carbohyd Polym 28:227

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Jumel K, Fiebrig I, Harding SE (1996) Int J Biol Macromol 18:133

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Winzor DJ, Carrington LE, Deszczynski M, Harding SE (2004) Biomacromolecules 5:2456

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Cölfen H (1999) Biotech Genet Eng Rev 16:87

    Google Scholar 

  16. Harding SE, Tombs MP (2002) Biotech Genet Eng Rev 19:55

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Wandrey C, Grigorescu G, Hunkeler D (2002) Prog Colloid Polym Sci 119:91

    Google Scholar 

  18. Jullander I (1987) In: Ranby B (ed) Physical Chemistry of Colloids and Macromolecules. The Svedberg Symposium. Blackwell Scientific, Oxford, UK, 29

    Google Scholar 

  19. Schachman (1992) In: Harding SE, Rowe AJ, Horton JC (eds) Analytical Ultracentrifugation in Biochemistry and Polymer Science. Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, UK, 3

    Google Scholar 

  20. Görnitz E, Linow KJ (1992) In: Harding SE, Rowe AJ, Horton JC (eds) Analytical Ultracentrifugation in Biochemistry and Polymer Science. Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, UK, 26

    Google Scholar 

  21. Giebeler R (1992) In: Harding SE, Rowe AJ, Horton JC (eds) Analytical Ultracentrifugation in Biochemistry and Polymer Science. Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, UK, 16

    Google Scholar 

  22. Errington N, Harding SE, Rowe AJ (1992) Carbohyd Polym 17:151

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Errington N, Harding SE, Illum L, Schacht E (1992) Carbohyd Polym 18:289

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Cölfen H, Harding SE, Vårum KM (1996) Carbohyd Polym 30:5

    Google Scholar 

  25. Furst AJ (1997) Europ Biophys J 25:307

    Google Scholar 

  26. Theisen C, Johann C, Deacon MP, Harding SE (2000) Refractive Increment Data Book for Polymer and Biomolecular Scientists. Nottingham University Press, Nottingham, UK

    Google Scholar 

  27. Anthonsen MW, Vårum KM, Smidsrød O (1993) Carbohyd Polym 22:193

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Preston BN, Wik KO (1992) In: Harding SE, Rowe AJ, Horton JC (eds) Analytical Ultracentrifugation in Biochemistry and Polymer Science. Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, UK, 549

    Google Scholar 

  29. Majzoobi M (2004) PhD Thesis, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK

    Google Scholar 

  30. Schachman H (1959) Ultracentrifugation in Biochemistry. Academic Press, New York

    Google Scholar 

  31. Gibbons RA (1972) In: Gottschalk A (ed) Glycoproteins: Their Composition, Structure and Function. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 5A, 31

    Google Scholar 

  32. Kratky O, Leopold H, Stabinger H (1973) Meth Enzymol 27D:98

    Google Scholar 

  33. Laue TM, Shah BD, Ridgeway TM, Pelletier SL (1992) In: Harding SE, Rowe AJ, Horton JC (eds) Analytical Ultracentrifugation in Biochemistry and Polymer Science. Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, UK, 90

    Google Scholar 

  34. http://www.jphilo.mailway.com/download.htm and http://www.rasmb.bbri.org/rasmb/windows/sednterp-philo/

  35. Gralén N (1944) Sedmentation and Diffusion Measurements on Cellulose and Cellulose Derivatives. PhD Thesis, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden

    Google Scholar 

  36. Rowe AJ (1977) Biopolymers 16:295

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Rowe AJ (1992) In: Harding SE, Rowe AJ, Horton JC (eds) Analytical Ultracentrifugation in Biochemistry and Polymer Science. Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, UK, 394

    Google Scholar 

  38. Fujita H (1962) Mathematical Theory of Sedimentation Analysis. Academic Press, New York

    Google Scholar 

  39. Fujita H (1975) Foundations of Ultracentrifugal Analysis. Wiley, New York

    Google Scholar 

  40. Stafford W (1992) In: Harding SE, Rowe AJ, Horton JC (eds) Analytical Ultracentrifugation in Biochemistry and Polymer Science. Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, UK, 359

    Google Scholar 

  41. Philo JS (2000) Anal Biochem 279:151

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Schuck P (1998) Biophys J 75:1503

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Dam J, Schuck P (2004) Meth Enzymol (in press)

    Google Scholar 

  44. http://www.jphilo.mailway.com/download.htm

  45. Lamm O (1923) Ark Mat Astr Fys 21B(2):1

    Google Scholar 

  46. Claverie JM, Dreux H, Cohen R (1975) Biopolymers 14:1685

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  47. http://www.analyticalultracentrifugation.com/download.htm

  48. Harding SE (1995) Biophys Chem 55:69

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Patel T, Picout DR, Parlov G, Garcia de la Torre J, Ross-Murphy SB, Harding SE (2005) mss. submitted

    Google Scholar 

  50. Svedberg T, Pedersen KO (1940) The Ultracentrifuge. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK

    Google Scholar 

  51. Korneeva EV, Vichoreva GA, Harding SE, Pavlov GM (1996) Abstr Am Chem Soc 212(1):75-cell

    Google Scholar 

  52. Pavlov GM, Korneeva EV, Harding SE, Vichoreva GA (1998) Polymer 39:6951

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Pavlov GM, Korneeva EV, Vikhoreva GA, Harding SE (1998) Polym Sci Ser A 40; and (1998) Vysokomolekulyarnye Soed Ser A 40:2048

    Google Scholar 

  54. Pavlov GM, Korneeva EV, Nepogod'ev SA, Jumel K, Harding SE (1998) Polym Sci Ser A 40:1282; and (1998) Vysokomolekulyarnye Soed Ser A 40:2056

    Google Scholar 

  55. Pavlov GM, Korneeva EV, Jumel K, Harding SE, Meyer EW, Peerlings HWI, Stoddart JF, Nepogodiev SA (1999) Carbohyd Polym 38:195

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Sharman WR, Richards EL, Malcolm GN (1978) Biopolymers 17:2817

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Igarishi O, Sakurai Y (1965) Agr Biol Chem 29:678

    Google Scholar 

  58. Djurtoft R, Rasmussen KL (1955) Eur Brew Conv Congress, p 17

    Google Scholar 

  59. Wedlock DJ, Fasihuddin BA, Phillips GO (1987) Food Hydrocolloids 1:207

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Pusey PN (1974) In: Cummings HZ, Pike ER (eds) Photon Correlation and Light Beating Spectroscopy. Plenum Press, New York, 387

    Google Scholar 

  61. Smidsrød O, Andresen IL (1979) Biopolymerkjemi. Tapir, Trondheim, Norway

    Google Scholar 

  62. Tsvetkov VN, Eskin V, Frenkel S (1970) Structure of Macromolecules in Solution. Butterworths, London

    Google Scholar 

  63. Harding SE (1989) Adv Carbohyd Chem 47:345

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Pain RH (1980) Symp Soc Exp Biol 34:359

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Svedberg T, Fåhraeus R (1926) J Am Chem Soc 48:430

    Google Scholar 

  66. Clewlow AC, Errington N, Rowe AJ (1997) Eur Biophys J 25:305

    Article  Google Scholar 

  67. Mächtle W (1999) Prog Coll Polym Sci 113:1

    Google Scholar 

  68. http://www.nottingham.ac.uk/ncmh

  69. Harding SE, Horton JC, Morgan PJ (1992) In: Harding SE, Rowe AJ, Horton JC (eds) Analytical Ultracentrifugation in Biochemistry and Polymer Science. Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, UK, 275

    Google Scholar 

  70. Cölfen H, Harding SE (1997) Eur Biophys J 24:333

    Google Scholar 

  71. Van Holde KE, Baldwin RL (1958) J Phys Chem 62:734

    Google Scholar 

  72. Yphantis DA (1964) Biochemistry 3:297

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Creeth JM, Harding SE (1982) J Biochem Biophys Meth 7:25

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  74. Hall DR, Harding SE, Winzor DJ (1999) Prog Coll Polym Sci 113:62

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Teller DC, Horbett JA, Richards EG, Schachman HK (1969) Ann New York Acad Sci 164:66

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  76. Creeth JM, Pain RH (1967) Prog Biophys Mol Biol 17:217

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Minton AP (1994) In: Schuster TM, Laue TM (eds) Modern Analytical Ultracentrifugation. Birkhäuser, Boston, 81

    Google Scholar 

  78. http://www.nottingham.ac.uk/ncmh/unit/method.html#Software

  79. http://vm.uconn.edu/∼wwwbiotc/uaf.html

  80. Kawahara K, Ohta K, Miyamoto H, Nakamura S (1984) Carbohyd Polym 4:335

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  81. Sato T, Norisuye T, Fujita H (1984) Macromolecules 17:2696

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  82. Woodward JR, Phillips DR, Fincher GB (1983) Carbohyd Polym 3:143

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  83. Edmond E, Farquhar S, Dunstone JR, Ogston AG (1968) Biochem J 108:755

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  84. Muzzarelli RAA, Lough C, Emanuelli M (1987) Carbohyd Res 164:433

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  85. Berth G, Dautzenberg H, Lexow D, Rother G (1990) Carbohyd Polym 12:39

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  86. Lecacheux D, Mustiere Y, Panaras R, Brigand G (1986) Carbohyd Polym 6:477

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. Yanaki T, Kojima T, Norisuye T (1981) Polym J 13:1135

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  88. Wedlock DJ, Baruddin BA, Phillips GO (1986) Int J Biol Macromol 8:57

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  89. Dhami R, Harding SE, Jones T, Hughes T, Mitchell JR, To K-M (1995) Carbohyd Polym 27:93

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  90. Harding SE, Day K Dhami R, Lowe PM (1997) Carbohyd Polym 32:81

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. Horton JC, Harding SE, Mitchell JR, Morton-Holmes DF (1991) Food Hydrocolloids 5:125

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  92. Straatman A, Borchard W (2002) Prog Coll Polym Sci 119:64–69

    Google Scholar 

  93. Harding SE (1985) Biophys J 47:247

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  94. Ball A, Harding SE, Mitchell JR (1988) Int J Biol Macromol 10:259

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  95. Harding SE, Berth G, Ball A, Mitchell JR, Garcia de la Torre J (1991) Carbohyd Polym 16:1

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  96. Herdan G (1949) Nature 163:139

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  97. Tombs MP, Peacocke AR (1974) The Osmotic Pressure of Biological Macromolecules. Clarendon Press, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  98. Roark D, Yphantis DA (1969) Ann New York Acad Sci 164:245

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  99. Rinde H (1928) The Distribution of the Sizes of Particles in Gold Sols Prepared According to the Nuclear Method. PhD Thesis, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden

    Google Scholar 

  100. Harding SE (1988) Gums and Stabilisers for the Food Industry 4:15

    Google Scholar 

  101. http://www.wyatt.com/

  102. Horton JC, Harding SE, Mitchell JR (1991) Biochm Soc Trans 19:510

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  103. Rollings JE (1991) Biochem Soc Trans 19:493

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  104. Rollings JE (1992) In: Harding SE, Sattelle DB, Bloomfield VA (eds) Laser Light Scattering in Biochemistry. Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, UK, 275

    Google Scholar 

  105. Wolff D, Czapla S, Heyer AG, Radosta S, Mischnick P, Springer J (2000) Polymer 41:8009

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  106. Wales M, Van Holde KE (1954) J Polym Sci 14:81

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  107. Creeth JM, Knight CG (1965) Biochim Biophys Acta 102:549

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  108. Freed KF (1976) J Chem Phys 65:4103

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  109. Berth G, Cölfen H, Dautzenberg H (2002) Prog Coll Polym Sci 119:50

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  110. Pavlov GM (2002) Prog Coll Polym Sci 119:84

    Google Scholar 

  111. Harding SE, Vårum KM, Stokke BT, Smidsrød O (1991) Adv Carbohyd Analysis 1:63

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  112. Pavlov GM, Rowe AJ, Harding SE (1997) Trends Analyt Chem 16:401

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  113. Pavlov GM, Harding SE, Rowe AJ (1999) Prog Coll Int Sci 113:76

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  114. Stokke BT, Elgsaeter A (1991) Adv Carbohyd Analysis 1:195

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  115. Harding SE, Berth G, Hartmann J, Jumel K, Cölfen H, Christensen BE (1996) Biopolymers 39:729

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  116. Broesma S (1960) J Chem Phys 32:1626

    Google Scholar 

  117. Tirado MM, Garcia de la Torre J (1979) J Chem Phys 71:2581

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  118. Garcia de la Torre J (1992) In: Harding SE, Rowe AJ, Horton JC(eds) Analytical Ultracentrifugation in Biochemistry and Polymer Science. Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, UK, 333

    Google Scholar 

  119. Yamakawa H (1971) Modern Theory of Polymer Solutions. Harper and Row, New York

    Google Scholar 

  120. Bloomfield VA, Crothers DM, Tinoco L (1974) Physical Chemistry of Nucleic Acids. Harper and Row, New York

    Google Scholar 

  121. Cantor CR, Schimmel PR (1979) Biophysical Chemistry. Freeman, New York

    Google Scholar 

  122. Freire JJ, Garcia de la Torre J (1992) In: Harding SE, Rowe AJ, Horton JC (eds) Analytical Ultracentrifugation in Biochemistry and Polymer Science. Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, UK, 346

    Google Scholar 

  123. Hearst JE, Stockmayer WH (1962) J Chem Phys 37:1425

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  124. Yamakawa H, Fujii M (1973) Macromolecules 6:407

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  125. Muzzarelli RAA, Muzzarelli C (2005) Adv Polym Sci Heinze T (ed) (this volume)

    Google Scholar 

  126. Schachman HK (1989) Nature 941:259

    Google Scholar 

  127. Schachman HK (1992) In: Harding SE, Rowe AJ, Horton JC (eds) Analytical Ultracentrifugation in Biochemistry and Polymer Science. Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, UK, 3

    Google Scholar 

  128. Watson JD (1970) The Molecular Biology of the Gene (2nd Edn). Benjamin, New York

    Google Scholar 

  129. Silkowski H, Davis SJ, Barclay AN, Rowe AJ, Harding SE, Byron O (1997) Eur Biophys J 25:455

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  130. Harding SE, Jumel K, Kelly R, Gudo E, Horton JC, Mitchell JR (1993) In: Schwenke KD, Mothes R (eds) Food Proteins: Structure and Functionality. VCH, Weinheim, Germany, 216

    Google Scholar 

  131. Kelly R, Gudo ES, Mitchell JR, Harding SE (1994) Carbohyd Polym 23:115

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  132. Seifert A, Heinevetter L, Cölfen H, Harding SE (1995) Carbohyd Polym 28:239

    Article  Google Scholar 

  133. Cölfen H, Harding SE, Vårum KM, Winzor DJ (1996) Carbohyd Polym 30:45

    Google Scholar 

  134. Mannion RO, Melia CD, Launay B, Cuvelier G, Hill SE, Harding SE, Mitchell JR (1992) Carbohyd Polym 19:91

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  135. Bandyopadhyay A (2004) Structural Biology of the Plasminogen-related Growth Factors and their Receptors. PhD Thesis, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK

    Google Scholar 

  136. Schwenke KD (1985) Eiweißquellen der Zukunft. Urania-Verlag, Leipzig, German Democratic Republic

    Google Scholar 

  137. Prakash V (1992) In: Harding SE, Rowe AJ, Horton JC (eds) Analytical Ultracentrifugation in Biochemistry and Polymer Science. Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, UK, 445

    Google Scholar 

  138. Harding SE (2003) Biochem Soc Trans 31:1036

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  139. Deacon MP (1999) Polymer Bioadhesives for Drug Delivery. PhD Thesis, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK

    Google Scholar 

  140. Harding SE, Deacon MP, Fiebrig I, Harding SE (1999) Biotech Gen Eng Rev 16:41

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  141. Fiebrig I, Davis SS, Harding SE (1995) In: Harding SE, Hill SE, Mitchell JR (eds) Biopolymer Mixtures. Nottingham University Press, Nottingham, UK, 373

    Google Scholar 

  142. Fiebrig I (1995) Solution Studies on the Mucoadhesive Potential of Various Polymers for use in Gastrointestinal Drug Delivery Systems. PhD Thesis, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK

    Google Scholar 

  143. Anderson MT, Harding SE, Davis SS (1989) Biochem Soc Trans 17:1101

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  144. Fee M (2004) Evaluation of Chitosan Stability in Aqueous Systems. PhD Thesis, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK

    Google Scholar 

  145. Fiebrig I, Harding SE, Davis SS (1994) Prog Coll Polym Sci 94:66

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  146. Jumel K, Fogg FJJ, Hutton DA, Pearson JP, Allen A, Harding SE Eur Biophys J 25:477

    Google Scholar 

  147. Lehr CM, Bouwstra JA, Schacht EH, Junginger HE (1992) Int J Pharmaceut 78:43

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  148. Fiebrig I, Harding SE, Rowe AJ, Hyman SC, Davis SS (1995) Carbohyd Polym 28:239

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  149. Fiebrig I, Vårum KM, Harding SE, Davis SS, Stokke BT (1997) Carbohyd Polym 33:91

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  150. Deacon MP, McGurk S, Roberts CJ, Williams PM, Tendler SJB, Davies MC, Davis SS, Harding SE (2000) Biochem J 348:557

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  151. Deacon MP, Davis SS, White RJ, Nordman H, Carlstedt I, Errington N, Rowe AJ, Harding SE (1999) Carbohyd Polym 38:235

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  152. Zengshuan MA, Yeoh HH, Lim LY (2002) J Pharm Sci 91:1396

    Google Scholar 

  153. He P, Davis SS, Illum L (1998) Int J Pharm 166:75

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  154. Davison CJ, Smith KE, Hutchinson LEF, O'Mullane JE, Harding SE, Brookman L, Petrak K (1990) J Bioactive Compatible Polym 5:7

    Google Scholar 

  155. Morgan PJ, Harding SE, Petrak K (1990) Macromolecules 23:4461

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  156. Katchalsky A, Alexandrowicz Z, Kedem O (1996) In: Conway BE, Barradas RG (eds) Chemical Physics of Ionic Solutions. Wiley, New York, 295

    Google Scholar 

  157. Manning GS (1969) J Chem Phys 51:924

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  158. Manning GS (1978) Q Rev Biophys 11:179

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  159. Braswell E (1968) Biochim Biophys Acta 158:103

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  160. Preston BN, Snowden JM, Houghton KT (1972) Biopolymers 11:1645

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  161. Comper WD, Preston BN (1974) Biochem J 143:1

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  162. Creeth JM, Jordan DO (1949) J Chem Soc 1409

    Google Scholar 

  163. Mathieson AR, Matty SJ (1957) Polym Sci 23:747

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  164. Adair GS, Adair ME (1934) Biochem J 38:199

    Google Scholar 

  165. Svensson H (1946) Ark Kemi Mineral Geol 22A(10):1

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Stephen E. Harding .

Editor information

Thomas Heinze

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Harding, S.E. Analysis of Polysaccharides by Ultracentrifugation. Size, Conformation and Interactions in Solution. In: Heinze, T. (eds) Polysaccharides I. Advances in Polymer Science, vol 186. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/b136821

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics