Abstract
Results of investigations on novel formulations, structure-property relationships, curing, and compositions with fillers and reinforcing fibers (1997--2004) are reviewed with about 200 references to articles and several references to patents. The following topics are considered in particular: novel dibasic acids, glycols, crosslinking monomers, and curing systems, “vinyl ester” resins, fire retardant materials, IPNs and other systems comprising built-in thermoplastic polymers and oligomers with terminal functional groups. Information on unsaturated polyesters manufactured using PET scrap is given. Analytical (mainly spectrometric) methods for studying the chemical structure of crosslinked unsaturated polyester resins are presented. Approaches to the decrease in styrene emission on processing of unsaturated polyester resins are also discussed.
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Abbreviations
- ΔH r :
-
heat released
- ρv :
-
depolarization ratio
- AFM:
-
atomic force microscopy
- APP:
-
ammonium polyphosphate
- ATH:
-
aluminum trihydroxide Al(OH)3
- BHET:
-
bis(hydroxyethyl)terephthalate
- Bis-GMA:
-
2,2-bis[4-(3-methacryloyloxy-2-hydroxypropoxy)phenyl]
- BMC:
-
bulk molding compounds
- BMI:
-
bismaleimide
- CDRE:
-
convulsion difference resolution enhancement
- CMDB:
-
composite modified double-base
- CoHx :
-
cobalt hexanoate
- CoNp :
-
cobalt naphthenate
- CP/ MAS:
-
magic angle spinning
- CPD:
-
cyclopentadiene
- CTBN:
-
carboxyl terminated poly(butadiene-co-acrylonitrile)
- DAD:
-
diode array detection
- DCPD:
-
dicyclopentadiene
- DD:
-
dipolar decoupling
- DEF:
-
diethyl fumarate
- DEPT:
-
distortionless enhancement by polarization transfer
- DGEBA:
-
diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A
- DKGA:
-
diketogulonic acid
- DLS:
-
dynamic light scattering
- DMA:
-
dynamic mechanical analysis
- DMB:
-
2,5-dimethyl-2,5-bis(2-ethylhexanoylperoxy)hexane
- DMC:
-
dough molding compounds
- DSC:
-
differential scanning calorimetry
- DTA:
-
differential thermal analysis
- E′ :
-
storage modulus
- E′′ :
-
loss modulus
- E a :
-
activation energy
- EMTHPA:
-
endomethylene tetrahydrophthalic anhydride
- ESR:
-
electron spin resonance spectroscopy
- FID:
-
free induction decay
- FT-IR:
-
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
- FUPR:
-
fluorine-modified unsaturated polyester resin
- GC/ FT-IR:
-
gas chromatography-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
- GC/ MS:
-
gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
- G IC :
-
fracture energy
- GPC:
-
gel permeation chromatography
- GPC-MALLS:
-
multiangle laser light scattering detector
- HDT:
-
heat deflection temperature
- HPLC:
-
high-performance liquid chromatography
- HPN:
-
hybrid polymer network
- IPN:
-
interpenetrating polymer network
- iTBN:
-
maleimide terminated liquid butadiene-acrylonitrile rubber
- k 0 :
-
frequency factor
- LLCT:
-
lyotropic liquid-crystalline thermoset
- LOI:
-
limiting oxygen index
- LOM:
-
laminated object manufacturing
- LPA:
-
low profile additives
- LRP-NMR:
-
low-resolution pulse 1H -NMR
- LSA:
-
low shrink additives
- LSE:
-
low styrene emission
- \(\overline{M_{\rm n}}\) :
-
number-average molecular weight
- \(\overline{M_{\rm w}}\) :
-
weight-average molecular weight
- MDI:
-
methylene diphenyl diisocyanate
- MEKP:
-
methylethylketone peroxide
- MI:
-
maleimides
- MMT:
-
montmorillonite
- MPD:
-
2-methyl-1,3-propane diol
- MTDSC:
-
modulated temperature differential scanning calorimetry
- MTGA:
-
modulated thermogravimetric analysis
- NBR:
-
acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber
- NPI:
-
Novolac-type polyisocyanate
- PB:
-
pentabromoethylbenzene
- PCL:
-
poly(ε -caprolactone)
- PD:
-
1,2-propanediol
- PDO:
-
tert-butylperoxy-2 -ethyl hexanoate
- PET:
-
poly(ethylene terephthalate)
- PFPE:
-
perfluoropolyether
- phr:
-
weight parts of additive per 100 parts by weight of resin
- PPF:
-
poly(propylene fumarate)s
- PTSA:
-
p -toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate
- PU:
-
polyurethane
- PVAc:
-
poly(vinyl acetate)
- Py-GC:
-
pyrolysis-gas chromatography
- RDA:
-
rheometric dynamic analyzer
- RO:
-
rapeseed oil
- RTM:
-
resin transfer molding
- S:
-
antimony trioxide, Sb2O3
- SBR:
-
styrene-butadiene rubber
- SCRIMP:
-
Seemann composites resin infusion molding process
- SIN:
-
semi-interpenetrating polymer network
- SLS:
-
static light scattering
- SMC:
-
sheet molding compounds
- TTT:
-
time-temperature-transformation
- SPE:
-
solid-phase extraction
- T 1 H :
-
proton spin-lattice relaxation time
- T 1ρ H :
-
spin-lattice relaxation time in the rotating frame
- T 2 :
-
spin-spin relaxation time
- T g :
-
glass transition temperature
- tan δ :
-
loss tangent
- TCTFE:
-
1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane
- TDI:
-
toluene diisocyanate
- TEM:
-
transmission electron microscopy
- TFA:
-
trifluoroacetic acid
- TGA:
-
thermogravimetric analysis
- TMS:
-
tetramethylsilane
- TSR:
-
thermal scanning rheometry
- TX/ PCL:
-
fluorinated macromers/ poly(ε -caprolactone)
- TXCL:
-
poly(ε -caprolactone)-perfluoropolyether-poly(ε -caprolactone) block copolymer
- UP:
-
unsaturated polyesters
- UPR:
-
unsaturated polyester resin
- VARTM:
-
vacuum-assisted resin transfer molding
- VE:
-
vinyl ether
- VEUH:
-
vinyl-ester-urethane hybrid
- VER:
-
vinyl ester resin
- VTBN:
-
vinyl terminated poly(butadiene-co-acrylonitrile)
- x :
-
order of reaction
- ZSA:
-
zero shrink additive
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Penczek, P., Czub, P., Pielichowski, J. (2005 ). Unsaturated Polyester Resins: Chemistry and Technology. In: Crosslinking in Materials Science. Advances in Polymer Science, vol 184. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/b136243
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/b136243
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