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Marine Enzymes

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Marine Biotechnology I

Part of the book series: Advances in Biochemical Engineering/Biotechnology ((ABE,volume 96))

Abstract

Marine enzyme biotechnology can offer novel biocatalysts with properties like high salt tolerance, hyperthermostability, barophilicity, cold adaptivity, and ease in large-scale cultivation. This review deals with the research and development work done on the occurrence, molecular biology, and bioprocessing of marine enzymes during the last decade. Exotic locations have been accessed for the search of novel enzymes. Scientists have isolated proteases and carbohydrases from deep sea hydrothermal vents. Cold active metabolic enzymes from psychrophilic marine microorganisms have received considerable research attention. Marine symbiont microorganisms growing in association with animals and plants were shown to produce enzymes of commercial interest. Microorganisms isolated from sediment and seawater have been the most widely studied, proteases, carbohydrases, and peroxidases being noteworthy. Enzymes from marine animals and plants were primarily studied for their metabolic roles, though proteases and peroxidases have found industrial applications. Novel techniques in molecular biology applied to assess the diversity of chitinases, nitrate, nitrite, ammonia-metabolizing, and pollutant-degrading enzymes are discussed. Genes encoding chitinases, proteases, and carbohydrases from microbial and animal sources have been cloned and characterized. Research on the bioprocessing of marine-derived enzymes, however, has been scanty, focusing mainly on the application of solid-state fermentation to the production of enzymes from microbial sources.

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Abbreviations

ArChi:

Arthrobacter chitinase

ATP:

Adenine triphosphate

BLAST:

Basic Local Alignment Search Tool

bp:

base pair

c-AMP:

3′,5′-cyclic adenosine monophosphate

3′,5′-CNP:

cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase

cbp:

cellobiose phosphorylase

cDNA:

complementary deoxyribonucleic acid

chi:

chitinase genes

cht:

N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase

DGGE:

denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis

DMS:

dimethyl sulfide

DMSP:

dimethylsulfoniopropionate

DNA:

deoxyribonucleic acid

GALT:

galactose-− 1phosphate uridylyltransferase

GDH:

glucose dehydrogenase

h:

hour

IPNV:

infectious pancreatic necrosis virus

ISP:

iron-sulfur protein

kb:

kilo base

kbp:

kilo base pair

min:

minute

m:

RNA messenger ribonucleic acid

MABV:

marine birnavirus

MPa:

mega pascal

MUF-diNAG:

4-methylumbelliferyl β-D-N,N′-diacetylchitobioside

NAD(P):

nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate)

NADH:

hydrogenated nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

nifH:

nitrogenase gene

nir:

nitrite reductase gene

nit:

Nitrosospira-like sequences

nos:

nitrous oxide reductase gene

nrtP:

nitrate/nitrite permease

PAGE:

polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis

PAH:

polyaromatic hydrocarbon

PCR:

polymerase chain reaction

rRNA:

ribosomal ribonucleic acid

RuBisCO:

ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase

RdRp:

RNA-dependent RNA polymerase

SBEs:

starch-branching enzymes

SSF:

solid-state fermentation

β-HP:

β-hydroxypropionate

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Environmental Science Programme and Department of Life Science & Biotechnology, Jadavpur University, 700 032, Kolkata, India

    Ghosh Debashish, Saha Malay, Sana Barindra & Mukherjee Joydeep

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  1. Ghosh Debashish
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  2. Saha Malay
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  3. Sana Barindra
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  4. Mukherjee Joydeep
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Correspondence to Mukherjee Joydeep .

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Roland Ulber Yves Le Gal

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Debashish, G., Malay, S., Barindra, S., Joydeep, M. Marine Enzymes. In: Ulber, R., Le Gal, Y. (eds) Marine Biotechnology I. Advances in Biochemical Engineering/Biotechnology, vol 96. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/b135785

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