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Nano-Imaging of Polymers by Optical Microscopy

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Polymer Analysis Polymer Theory

Part of the book series: Advances in Polymer Science ((POLYMER,volume 182))

Abstract

The developments of laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) and scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM) have expanded the application range of optical microscopy from micron to nanometer dimensions, in which the molecular and macromolecular materials exhibit intrinsic fundamental characteristics closely related to their functionality. Although atomic force and electron microscopes have often been utilized for observing materials in nanometer dimensions, the world of the critical length (10–100 nm) of nano-technology and science is now illuminated by “light”, and is revealed as real optical images from different points of view associated with not only morphology but also spectroscopic, analytical, time-resolved and opto-electrical responses in a local space. This article reviews the recent findings made by LSCM and SNOM mainly in terms of morphology of polymeric materials; particular concerns are in the phase-separated structures of polymer blends, conformation and morphology of a single polymer chain, and also two-dimensional ultra-thin polymer films. These optical techniques will become an indispensable tool for understanding molecular and biological systems.

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Abbreviations

AFM:

atomic force microscopy

BAM:

Brewster angle microscopy

BS:

beam splitter

DNA:

deoxyribonucleic acid

DUV:

deep ultraviolet

Eo:

eosin

FWHM:

full width at half maximum

IPN:

interpenetrating polymer network

LB:

Langmuir-Blodgett

LSCM:

laser scanning confocal microscopy

LSCFM:

laser scanning confocal fluorescence microscopy

NA:

numerical aperture

OM:

optical microscopy

PB:

polybutadiene

PDF:

poly(9,9-dialkylfluorene)

Pe:

perylene

PiBMA:

poly(isobutyl methacrylate)

PMMA:

poly(methyl methacrylate)

PODMA:

poly(octadecyl methacrylate)

PPV:

poly(p-phenylenevinylene)

PS:

polystyrene

Py:

pyrene

R6G:

rhodamine-6G

SBR:

poly(styrene-ran-butadiene)

SD:

spinodal decomposition

SEM:

scanning electron microscopy

SNOM:

scanning near-field optical microscopy

STED:

stimulated emission depletion

SWNT:

single wall carbon nanotube

TEM:

transmission electron microscopy

TIR:

total internal reflection

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, 615-8510, Kyoto, Japan

    Shinzaburo Ito & Hiroyuki Aoki

Authors
  1. Shinzaburo Ito
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  2. Hiroyuki Aoki
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Correspondence to Shinzaburo Ito .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Yokohama, Japan

    Akihiro Abe

  2. Prague, Czech Republic

    Karel Dušek

  3. Sakyo-ku, Japan

    Shiro Kobayashi

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Ito, S., Aoki, H. (2005). Nano-Imaging of Polymers by Optical Microscopy. In: Abe, A., Dušek, K., Kobayashi, S. (eds) Polymer Analysis Polymer Theory. Advances in Polymer Science, vol 182. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/b135562

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