Skip to main content

On the electronic structure of semiconductor surfaces, interfaces and defects at surfaces or interfaces

  • Chapter
  • First Online:

Part of the book series: Advances in Solid State Physics ((ASSP,volume 20))

Abstract

In this paper electronic structure theory for semiconductor surfaces and interfaces is reviewed with particular emphasis on recent applications of the scattering theoretical method (STM) to a variety of realistic systems. Easy intelligible and physically appealing pictures of general surface and interface electronic properties are developed in the discussion of the results by directly correlating the changes in bonds at surfaces or interfaces with the resulting changes in bands and densities of states. Bound states, resonances and antiresonances are introduced and discussed on a very intuitive level and the scattering theoretic method is shown to be a natural and thus very powerful technique to calculate a wealth of experimentally interesting information in a very efficient way. The systems discussed in this article range from ideal, relaxed and reconstructed semiconductor surfaces over interfaces in heterojunctions, overlayer systems and superlattices to defects at surfaces or interfaces. Comparison with experimental data is made wherever possible.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. G. Heiland and W. Mönch, Surf. Sci. 37, 30 (1973).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  2. W. Mönch, in Festkörperprobleme, Advances in Solid State Phys. XIII, p. 241 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  3. Physics Today, 28, No. 4, 1975. The April issue is devoted to Surface Physics.

    Google Scholar 

    Google Scholar 

  4. B. Feuerbacher and R. F. Willis, J. Phys. C9, 169 (1976).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  5. P. Mark, editor, Proceedings of PCSI5 (Los Angeles, 1978); J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 15, 1217–1535 (1978).

    Google Scholar 

  6. B. Feuerbacher, B. Fitton and R. F. Willis, editors, Photoemission and the Electronic Properties of Surfaces (Wiley, New York, 1978).

    Google Scholar 

  7. P. Mark, editor, Proceedings of PCSI6 (Asilomar, California, 1979);, J. Vas. Sci. Technol. 16, 1101–1533 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  8. Proceedings of the Conference on the Physics of Semiconductor Surfaces and Interfaces, PSSI (Paris 1979) Surf. Sci. July 1980, to be published.

    Google Scholar 

  9. W. Göpel, in Festkörperprobleme, Adv. in Solid State Physics, XX, this issue (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  10. J. R. Schrieffer and P. Soven, p. 24, in Ref. [3].

    Google Scholar 

  11. R. O. Jones, in Surface Physics of Semiconductors and Phosphors, ed. C. G. Smith and C. E. Reed (Academic, London, 1975).

    Google Scholar 

  12. J. A. Appelbaum, Surface Physics of Materials, ed. J. M. Blakely, Academic 1975.

    Google Scholar 

  13. J. A. Appelbaum and D. R. Hamann, Rev. Mod. Phys. 48, 479 (1976).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  14. F. Forstmann in Ref. [6], p. 193.

    Google Scholar 

  15. M. Schlüter, in Festkörperprobleme, Adv. in Solid State Phys., XVIII, p. 155 (1978).

    Google Scholar 

  16. C. B. Duke and R. L. Park, Phys. Today 25, 23 (1972).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. A. Y. Cho, Jap. J. Appl. Phys. 16–1, 435 (1976) and J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 16, 275 (1979).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  18. Frank Herman, in Ref [7], editor, Proceedings of PCSI6 (Asilomar, California, 1979); J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 16, p. 1101 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  19. Robert S. Bauer, in Ref [7], editor, Proceedings of PCSI6 (Asilomar, California, 1979); J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 16, p. 1108, (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  20. S. G. Davison and J. D. Levine, Solid State Physics 25 1 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  21. E. J. Mele and J. D. Joannopoulos, Phys. Rev. B 19, 2928 (1979).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  22. D. Lohez, M. Lannoo, in Ref [7], editor, Proceedings of PCSI6 (Asilomar, California, 1979); J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 16, p. 1236 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  23. D. Lohez, P. Masri, M. Lannoo, L. Soonckindt, L. Lassabatere in Fef. [8], Proceedings of the Conference on the Physics of Semiconductor Surfaces and Interfaces, PSSI (Paris 1979) Surf. Sci., July 1980, to be published.

    Google Scholar 

  24. M. S. Daw and D. L. Smith, Phys. Rev. B 20, 5150 (1979).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  25. J. Pollmann, Sol. State Commun., in press, and to be published.

    Google Scholar 

  26. W. E. Spicer, P. W. Chye, P. R. Skeath, C. Y. Su and I. Lindau, in Ref [7], editor, Proceedings of PCSI6 (Asilomar, California, 1979); J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 16, p. 1422 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  27. W. Göpel, in Ref. [5] editor, Proceedings of PCSI5 (Los Angeles, 1978); J. Vas Sci. Technol. 15, p. 1298 (1978), and Phys. Rev. B, to be published.

    Google Scholar 

  28. J. Pollmann and S. T. Pantelides, Phys. Rev. B 18, 5524 (1978).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  29. I. Ivanov, A. Mazur and J. Pollmann, Surf. Science 92, 365 (1980).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  30. J. Pollmann and S. T. Pantelides, Phys. Rev. B20, 1740 (1979).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  31. I. Ivanov and J. Pollmann, Verh. der DPG, 3, 147 (1980) and to be published.

    Google Scholar 

  32. M. Schmeits, J. Pollmann and A. Mazur, to be published.

    Google Scholar 

  33. M. Schmeits, A. Mazur and J. Pollmann, to be published.

    Google Scholar 

  34. J. Pollmann and S. T. Pantelides, in Ref. [5] Proceedings of PCSI5 (Los Angles, 1978); J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 15, 1217–1535 (1978).

    Google Scholar 

  35. J. Pollmann and S. T. Pantelides, Inst. Phys. Conf. Ser. No. 43. p. 199 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  36. J. Pollmann and S. T. Pantelides, Sol. State Commun., 30, 621 (1979).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  37. J. Pollmann and S. T. Pantelides, Phys. Rev. B21, 709 (1980).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  38. A. Mazur and J. Pollmann, Verh. der DPG, 3, 148 (1980) and to be published.

    Google Scholar 

  39. J. Pollmann, A. Mazur and M. Schmeits, in Ref. [8]. Proceedings of the Conference on the Physics of Semiconductor Surfaces and Interfaces, PSSI (Paris 1979) Surf. Sci., July 1980, to be published.

    Google Scholar 

  40. J. Pollmann and S. T. Pantelides, in Ref [7], editor, Proceedings of PCSI6 (Asilomar, California, 1979); J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 16, p. 1498 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  41. A. Mazur, J. Pollmann and M. Schneits, Proc. IGSS4, Cannes 1980, to be published.

    Google Scholar 

  42. I. Ivanov and J. Pollmann Sol. State Commun. 32, 869 (1979), and to be published.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  43. S. T. Pantelides, J. Bernholc, J. Pollmann and N. O. Lipari, Int. J. of Quantum Chem., Quantum Chemistry Symposium 12, 507 (1978).

    Google Scholar 

  44. S. T. Pantelides and J. Pollmann, in Ref [7], editor, Proceedings of PCSI6 (Asilomar, California, 1979); J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 16, p. 1349 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  45. William A. Goddard III and T. C. McGill, in Ref [7], editor, Proceedings of PCSI6 (Asilomar, California, 1979); J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 16, p. 1308 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  46. Frank E. Harris, Hendrik J. Monkhorst and William A. Schwalm, in Ref [7], editor, Proceedings of PCSI6 (Asilomar, California, 1979); J. Vas. Sci. Technol. 16, p. 1318 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  47. Richard P. Messmer, in Ref [7], editor, Proceedings of PCSI6 (Asilomar, California, 1979); J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 16, p. 1329 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  48. R. B. Laughlin, J. D. Joannopoulos and D. J. Chadi, in Ref [7], editor, Proceedings of PCSI6 (Asilomar, California, 1979); J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 16, p. 1327 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  49. M. Schlüter, in Ref [7], editor, Proceedings of PCSI6 (Asilomar, California, 1979); J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 16, p. 1331 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  50. A. Zunger, in Ref [8], Proceedings of the Conference on the Physics of Semiconductor Surfaces and Interfaces, PSSI (Paris 1979) Surf. Sci., July 1980, to be published and Phys. Rev. B to be published.

    Google Scholar 

  51. A. Zunger, in Ref [7], editor, Proceedings of PCSI6 (Asilomar, California, 1979); J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 16, p. 1337 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  52. Inder P. Batra, in Ref [7], editor, Proceedings of PCSI6 (Asilomar, California, 1979); J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 16, p. 1359 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  53. N. V. Dandekar, A. Madhukar and D. N. Lowy, in Ref [7], editor, Proceedings of PCSI6 (Asilomar, California, 1979); J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 16, p. 1364 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  54. I. P. Batra and O. Roubaux, Surf. Sci. 49, 653 (1975).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  55. G. S. Painter, P. J. Jennings and R. O. Jones, J. Phys. C8, L199 (1975).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  56. J. Harris and G. S. Painter, Phys. Rev. Lett. 36, 151 (1976).

    Article  ADS  MATH  Google Scholar 

  57. I. P. Batra and S. Ciraci, Phys. Rev. Lett. 36, 170 (1976).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  58. K. Hermann and P. S. Bagus, Phys. Rev. B17, 4082 (1978).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  59. K. Hirabayashi, J. Phys. Soc. Japan 27, 1475 (1969).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  60. Ed Caruthers, L. Kleinmann and G. P. Alldrege, Phys. Rev. B8, 4570 (1973).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  61. R. V. Kasowski, Phys. Rev. Lett. 33, 83 (1974) and Sol. State Commun. 17, 179 (1975).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  62. J. D. Joannopoulos and M. L. Cohen, Phys. Rev. B10, 5075 (1974).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  63. K. C. Pandey, thesis, Columbia University, New York, 1974, (unpublished).

    Google Scholar 

  64. K. C. Pandey and J. C. Phillips, Phys. Rev. Lett. 32, 1433 (1974).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  65. K. C. Pandey and J. C. Phillips, Phys. Rev. Lett. 34, 1450 (1975).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  66. K. C. Pandey and J. C. Phillips, Phys. Rev. B13, 750 (1976).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  67. S. Ciraci, I. P. Batra and W. A. Tiller, Phys. Rev. B12, 5811 (1975).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  68. I. P. Batra and S. Ciraci, Phys. Rev. Lett. 26, 170 (1976).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  69. I. B. Ortenburger, S. Ciraci and I. P. Batra, J. Phys. C. (Solid St. Phys.) 9, 4185 (1976).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  70. S. Ciraci and I. P. Batra, Phys. Rev. B15, 3524 (1977).

    Google Scholar 

  71. D. J. Chadi and M. L. Cohen, Phys. Rev. B11, 732 (1976).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  72. D. J. Chadi, Phys. Rev. B18, 1800 (1978).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  73. D. J. Chadi, Phys. Rev. B19, 2074 (1979).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  74. C. Calandra and G. Santoro, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 13, 773 (1976).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  75. C. Calandra, F. Manghi and C. M. Bertoni, J. Phys. C. (Sol. State Phys.) 10, 1911 (1977).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  76. C. M. Bertoni, O. Bisi, C. Calandra and F. Manghi, Inst. Phys. Conf. Ser. No. 43, 191 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  77. J. A. Vergéas and E. Louis, Sol. State Commun. 22, 663 (1977).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  78. W. Schwalm and J. Hermanson, Sol. State Commun. 27, 587 (1978).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  79. R. Del Sole and W. Hanke, Sol. State Commun. 31, 949 (1979).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  80. M. Schlüter, J. R. Chelikowsky, S. G. Louie and M. L. Cohen, Phys. Rev. B 12, 4200 (1975).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  81. J. R. Chelikowsky and L. Cohen, Phys. Rev. B13, 826 (1976).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  82. G. P. Kerker, S. G. Louie and M. L. Cohen, Phys. Rev. B17, 706 (1978).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  83. M. Schlüter and M. L. Cohen, Phys. Rev. B17, 716 (1978).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  84. I. Ihm, S. G. Louie and M. L. Cohen, Phys. Rev. B17, 769 (1978).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  85. J. A. Appelbaum and D. R. Hamann, Phys. Rev. B6, 2166 (1972).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  86. J. A. Appelbaum and D. R. Hamann, Phys. Rev. Lett. 31, 106 (1973).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  87. J. A. Appelbaum, G. A. Baraff and D. R. Hamann, Phys. Rev. B11, 3822 (1975).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  88. J. A. Appelbaum, G. A. Baraff and D. R. Hamann, Phys. Rev. B12, 5749 (1975).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  89. J. A. Appelbaum, G. A. Baraff and D. R. Hamann, Phys. Rev. B14, 1623 (1976).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  90. F. Garcia-Moliner, V. Heine and J. Rubio, J. Phys. C2, 1797 (1969).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  91. F. Flores, Nuovo Cimento 14B, 1 (1973).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  92. M. Elices, F. Flores, E. Louis and J. Rubio, J. Phys. C7, 3020 (1974).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  93. F. Garcia-Moliner and F. Flores, Introduction to the Theory of Solid Surfaces, Cambridge University Press (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  94. C. Noguera, D. Spanjaard and D. W. Jepsen, Phys. Rev. B17, 607 (1978).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  95. K. P. Bohnen and S. C. Ying, Sol. State Commun. 30, 301 (1979), and to be published.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  96. J. D. Joannopoulos, Phys. Rev. B16, 2764 (1978).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  97. J. D. Joannopoulos and F. Yndurain, Phys. Rev. B10, 5164 (1974).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  98. F. Yndurain and J. D. Joannopoulos, Phys. Rev. B11, 2957 (1975).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  99. R. Haydock, V. Heine and M. J. Kelly, J. Phys. C5, 137 (1972).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  100. R. Haydock, V. Heine and M. J. Kelly, J. Phys. C5, 2845 (1972).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  101. R. Haydock, V. Heine and M. J. Kelly, J. Phys. C8, 2591 (1975).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  102. V. Heine, D. Bullet, R. Haydock and M. J. Kelly, Solid State Physics 35, (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  103. M. L. Cohen and V. Heine, Solid State Physics 24, 37 (1970).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  104. L. Hedin and B. I. Lundquist, J. Phys. C; (Sol. State Phys.) 4, 2064 (1971).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  105. E. P. Wigner, Phys. Rev. 46, 1002 (1934).

    Article  MATH  ADS  Google Scholar 

  106. M. L. Cohen, Physics Today, 32, 40 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  107. E-Ni Foo, M. F. Thorpe and D. Weaire, Surf. Sci. 57, 323 (1976).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  108. V. Anishchick, L. M. Falicov and F. Yndurain, Surf. Sci. 57, 375 (1976).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  109. E. J. Mele and J. D. Joannopoulos, Surf. Science 66, 38 (1977).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  110. E. J. Mele and J. D. Joannopoulos, Phys. Rev. B17, 1816 (1978).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  111. G. F. Koster and J. C. Slater, Phys. Rev. 95, 1167 (1954).

    Article  MATH  ADS  Google Scholar 

  112. J. Koutecky, Phys. Rev. 108, 13 (1957).

    Article  MATH  ADS  Google Scholar 

  113. J. Koutecky, in Advances in Chemical Physics, (Interscience, London, 1965) Vol. IX, p. 85.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  114. J. Callaway, J. Math. Phys. 5, 783 (1964) and Phys. Rev. 154, 515 (1967).

    Article  ADS  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  115. F. Garcia-Moliner, in Theory of Imperfect Crystaline Solids: Trieste Lectures 1970 (International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 1971).

    Google Scholar 

  116. D. Kalkstein and P. Soven, Surf. Sci. 26, 85 (1971).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  117. R. Feder and K. Sturm, Solid State Commun. 14, 1317 (1974) and Phys. Rev. B12, 537 (1975).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  118. A. Van der Avoird, S. P. Liebmann and D. J. M. Fassaert, Phys. Rev. B10, 1230 (1974) and B11, 1503 (1975).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  119. J. Ladik, Phys. Rev. B17, 1663 (1978).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  120. G. Allan and P. Lenglart, Surf. Science 30, 641 (1972).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  121. M. Lannoo, in Handbook of Surfaces and Interfaces, Vol. I, Garland Publishing, New York 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  122. E. Foo and H. Wong, Phys. Rev. B10, 4819 (1974).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  123. L. Dobrzynski, S. L. Cunningham and W. H. Weinberg, Surf. Sci. 61, 550 (1976).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  124. A. Yaniv, Phys. Rev. B17, 3904 (1978).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  125. D. N. Lowy and A. Madhukar, Phys. Rev. B17, 3832 (1978).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  126. B. Djafari-Rouhani, L. Dobrzynski and M. Lannoo, Surf. Sci. 78, 24 (1978).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  127. B. Djafari-Rouhani, L. Dobrzynski, F. Flores, M. Lannoo and C. Tejedor, Surf. Sci. 80, 134 (1979).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  128. G. A. Baraff and M. Schlüter, Phys. Rev. Lett. 41, 892 (1978).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  129. J. Bernholc, N. O. Lipari and S. T. Pantelides, Phys. Rev. Lett. 41, 895 (1978).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  130. G. A. Baraff and M. Schlüter, in Festkörperprobleme, Adv. in Sol. State Physics XIX, p. 303 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  131. N. O. Lipari, J. Bernholc and S. T. Pantelides, Phys. Rev. Lett. 43, 1354 (1979).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  132. A. A. Maradudin, E. Q. Montroll, G. H. Weiss and I. P. Ipatova, Solid State Phys., edited by F. Ehrenreich et al. (Academic New York, 1971) Suppl. 3.

    Google Scholar 

  133. W. Kohn and N. Rostoker, Phys. Rev. 94, 1111 (1954) and J. Korringa, Physica 13, 392 (1947).

    Article  MATH  ADS  Google Scholar 

  134. U. Rössler and J. Treusch, Rep. Progr. Phys. 35, 883 (1972).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  135. R. Zeller and P. H. Dederichs, Phys. Rev. Lett. 42, 1713 (1979).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  136. J. Bernholc and S. T. Pantelides, Phys. Rev. B18, 1780 (1978).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  137. W. A. Harrison and S. Ciraci, Phys. Rev. B10, 1516 (1974).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  138. S. T. Pantelides and W. A. Harrison, Phys. Rev. B11, 3006 (1975).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  139. R. Z. Bachrach, R. S. Bauer, J. C. McMenamin and A. Bianconi, Inst. of Phys. Conf. Ser. No. 43, 1073 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  140. P. Perfetti, D. Denley, K. A. Mills and D. A. Shirley, Inst. Phys. Conf. Ser. No. 43, p. 1081 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  141. D. Denley, K. A. Mills, P. Perfetti and D. A. Shirley in Ref. [7] editor, Proceedings of PCSI6 (Asilomar, California, 1979); J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 16, (1979), p. 1501.

    Google Scholar 

  142. H. Gant and W. Mönch, in Proceedings of PCSI7, Estes Park, Colorado, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. July/August 1980.

    Google Scholar 

  143. J. N. Schulmann and T. C. McGill, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 15, 1456 (1978).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  144. J. N. Schulmann and T. C. McGill, in Ref. [7] editor, Proceedings of PCSI6 (Asilomar, California, 1979); J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 16 p. 1513 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  145. A. Madhukar, N. V. Dandekar and R. N. Nucho, in Ref. [7] editor, Proceedings of PCSI6 (Asilomar, California, 1979); J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 16 (1979), p. 1507.

    Google Scholar 

  146. F. Herman and R. V. Kasowski, Phys. Rev. B17, 672 (1978).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  147. J. Ihm, P. K. Lam and M. L. Cohen, in Ref. [7] editor, Proceedings of PCSI6 (Asilomar, California, 1979); J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 16 (1979), p. 1512.

    Google Scholar 

  148. R. Ludeke, IBM J. Res. Develop. 22, 304 (1978).

    Google Scholar 

  149. R. Ludeke, L. Ley and K. Ploog, Sol. State Commun. 28, 57 (1978).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  150. P. K. Larsen, J. H. Neave and B. A. Joyce, J. Phys. C: Solid State Phys. 12, L869 (1979).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  151. W. Ranke and K. Jacobi, Surf. Sci. 81, 504 (1979).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  152. K. Jacobi, C. v. Muschwitz and W. Ranke, Surf. Sci. 82, 270 (1979).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  153. R. Ludeke and L. Ley, Inst. Phys. Conf. Series No. 43, p. 1069, (1979) and Surf. Sci. to be published.

    Google Scholar 

  154. R. Ludeke and L. Ley, in Ref. [7] editor, Proceedings of PCSI6 (Asilomar, California, 1979); J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 16 (1979), p. 1300.

    Google Scholar 

  155. J. Massies, P. Devoldere, N. T. Linh, in Ref. [7] editor, Proceedings of PCSI6 (Asilomar, California, 1979); J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 16 (1979), p. 1244.

    Google Scholar 

  156. R. Z. Bachrach, Prog. in Crystal Growth and Characterization, 2, 115 (1979).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  157. W. Mönch, H. J. Clemens, in Ref. [7] editor, Proceedings of PCSI6 (Asilomar, California, 1979); J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 16 (1979), p. 1238.

    Google Scholar 

  158. C. D. Thuault, G. M. Guichar and C. A. Sébenne, Surf. Sci. 80, 273 (1979).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  159. W. A. Harrison, in Ref. [7] editor, Proceedings of PCSI6 (Asilomar, California, 1979); J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 16 (1979), p. 1492.

    Google Scholar 

  160. P. E. Wierenga, M. J. Sparnaay and A. van Silfhout, in Ref. [8] Proceedings of the Conference on the Physics of Semiconductor Surfaces and Interfaces, PSSI (Paris 1979) Surf. Sci, July 1980, to be published.

    Google Scholar 

  161. G. V. Hansson, R. Z. Bachrach, R. S. Bauer, D. J. Chadi and W. Göpel, in Ref. [8] Proceedings of the Conference on the Physics of Semiconductor Surfaces and Interfaces, PSSI (Paris 1979) Surf. Sci, July 1980, to be published.

    Google Scholar 

  162. J. C. Phillips, Bonds and Bands in Semiconductors, Academic Press, New York (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  163. D. Kohl, M. Henzler and G. Heiland, Surf. Sci. 41, 403 (1974).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  164. R. Dorn, H. Lüth and M. Büchel, Phys. Rev. B16, 4675 (1977).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  165. G. Heiland and H. Lüth, in The Chemical Physics of Solid Surfaces and Heterogeneous Catalysis, Vol. III, (ed.) D. A. King and D. P. Woodruff (Elsevier, Amsterdam).

    Google Scholar 

  166. C. B. Duke, A. R. Lubinsky, B. W. Lee and P. Mark, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 13, 189 (1976).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  167. F. Yndurain and L. M. Falicov, Sol. State Commun. 17, 855 (1975).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  168. L. M. Falicov and F. Yndurain, J. Phys. C8, 147 1563, 1571 (1975).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  169. W. Gudat and D. E. Eastman, in Ref. [6],, p. 315.

    Google Scholar 

  170. E. Tosatti, in Festkörperprobleme, Adv. in Sol. State Physics, 15, 113 (1975).

    Google Scholar 

  171. W. Mönch, Surf. Science 63, 79 (1977).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  172. C. T. White, K. L. Ngai, Phys. Rev. Lett. 41, 885 (1978).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  173. C. T. White, K. L. Ngai, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 15, 1237 (1978).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  174. W. Hanke and A. Muramatsu, Inst. Phys. Conf. Ser. No. 43, 657 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  175. W. Hanke, M. J. Kelly, A. Muramatsu, in Ref. [8] Proceedings of the Conference on the Physics of Semiconductor Surfaces and Interfaces, PSSI (Paris 1979) Surf. Sci. July 1980, to be published.

    Google Scholar 

  176. D. Hanemann, Phys. Rev. 121, 1093 (1961).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  177. R. Feder, W. Mönch, P. P. Auer, J. Phys. C: Sol. State Physics, 12, L179 (1979).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  178. W. Mönch, P. P. Auer, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 15, 1230 (1978).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  179. D. J. Chadi, Phys. Rev. Lett. 41, 1062 (1978).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  180. G. Chiarotti, S. Nannarone, R. Pastore and P. Chiaradia, Phys. Rev. B4, 3398 (1971).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  181. J. Assmann and W. Mönch, in Ref. [8] Proceedings of the Conference on the Physics of Semiconductor Surfaces and Interfaces, PSSI (Paris 1979) Surf. Sci. July 1980, to be published.

    Google Scholar 

  182. D. J. Chadi, in Ref. [8] Proceedings of the Conference on the Physics of Semiconductor Surfaces and Interfaces, PSSI (Paris 1979) Surf. Sci. July 1980, to be published.

    Google Scholar 

  183. S. Ciraci and I. P. Batra, Sol. State Commun. 18, 1149 (1976).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  184. A. W. Parke, A. McKinley and R. H. Williams, J. Phys. C11, L993 (1978).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  185. A. McKinley, R. H. Williams and A. W. Parke, J. Phys. C12, 2447 (1979).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  186. D. E. Eastman, F. J. Himpsel, J. A. Knapp and K. C. Pandey, Inst. Phys. Conf. Ser. No. 43, p. 1059 (1978).

    Google Scholar 

  187. G. V. Hansson, R. I. G. Uhrberg and S. A. Flodstrom in Ref. [7], editor, Proceedings of PCSI6 (Asilomar, California, 1979); J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 16 (1979), p. 1287.

    Google Scholar 

  188. F. Houzay, G. M. Guichard, R. Pinchaux, Y. Petroff and D. Dagneaux, in Ref. [8] Proceedings of the Conference on the Physics of Semiconductor Surfaces and Interfaces, PSSI (Paris 1979) Surf. Sci., July 1980, to be published.

    Google Scholar 

  189. W. Kuhlmann and M. Henzler, in Ref. [8] Proceedings of the Conference on the Physics of Semiconductor Surfaces and Interfaces, PSSI (Paris 1979) Surf. Sci., July 1980, to be published.

    Google Scholar 

  190. S. Krüger and W. Mönch, in Ref. [8] Proceedings of the Conference on the Physics of Semiconductor Surfaces and Interfaces, PSSI (Paris 1979) Surf. Sci., July 1980, to be published.

    Google Scholar 

  191. P. Chiaradia, G. Chiarotti, F. Ciccacci, R. Memeo, S. Nannarone, P. Sassaroli and S. Selci, in Ref. [8] Proceedings of the Conference on the Physics of Semiconductor Surfaces and Interfaces, PSSI (Paris 1979) Surf. Sci., July 1980, to be published.

    Google Scholar 

  192. F. J. Himpsel, J. A. Knapp, J. A. van Vechten and D. E. Eastman, Phys. Rev. B20, 624 (1979) and in Ref. [189] Proceedings of PCSI7, Estes Park, Colorado, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. July/August (1980).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  193. Proceedings of PCSI7, Estes Park, Colorado, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. July/August (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  194. J. Ihm, S. G. Louie and M. L. Cohen, Phys. Rev. B17, 815 (1978).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  195. P. G. Lurie and J. M. Wilson, Surf. Sci. 65, 453 (1977).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  196. F. Jona, J. D. Shih, A. Ignatiev, D. W. Jepsen, P. M. Marcus, J. Phys. C10, L67 (1977).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  197. S. J. White and D. P. Woodruff, Surf. Sci. 64, 131 (1977).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  198. R. E. Schlier and H. E. Farnsworth, in Semiconductor Surface Physics (Univ. of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia 1957) p. 3.

    Google Scholar 

  199. J. C. Phillips, Surf. Sci. 40, 459 (1973).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  200. W. A. Harrison, Surf. Sci. 55, 1 (1973).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  201. R. Seiwatz, Surf. Sci. 2, 473 (1964).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  202. J. A. Appelbaum and D. R. Hamann, Surf. Sci. 74, 21 (1978).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  203. F. J. Himpsel, D. E. Eastman, in Ref. [7] editor, Proceedings of PCSI6 (Asilomar, California, 1979); J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 16 (1979), p. 1297.

    Google Scholar 

  204. D. J. Chadi, Phys. Rev. Lett. 43, 43 (1979).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  205. D. J. Chadi, in Ref. [7] editor, Proceedings of PCSI6 (Asilomar, California, 1979); J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 16 (1979), p. 1290.

    Google Scholar 

  206. C. B. Duke, R. J. Meyer, A. Paton, P. Mark, A. Kahn, E. So, J. L. Yeh, in Ref. [7] editor, Proceedings of PCSI6 (Asilomar, California, 1979); J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 16 (1979), p. 1252.

    Google Scholar 

  207. J. A. Knapp, D. E. Eastmann, K. C. Pandey and F. Patella, in Ref. [5] editor, Proceedings of PCSI5 (Los Angeles, 1978); J. Vac. Sci. Technol 15 (1978), p. 1252.

    Google Scholar 

  208. E. W. Kreutz, E. Rickus and N. Sotnik, in Ref. [7] editor, Proceedings of PCSI6 (Asilomar, California, 1979); J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 16 (1979), p. 1211 and Surf. Sci. 68, 392 (1977).

    Google Scholar 

  209. W. Göpel, R. S. Bauer and G. V. Hansson, in Ref. [8] Proceedings of the Conference on the Physics of Semiconductor Surfaces and Interfaces, PSSI (Paris 1979) Surf. Sci., July 1980, to be published.

    Google Scholar 

  210. K. Ploog, in Ref. [7], editor, Proceedings of PCSI6 (Asilomar, California, 1979); J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 16 (1979), p. 838.

    Google Scholar 

  211. A. G. Milnes and D. G. Feucht, Heterojunctions and Metal-Semiconductor Junctions, Academic Press, (New York, 1972).

    Google Scholar 

  212. R. Dingle, Festkörperprobleme, Adv. in Solid State Physics, 15, 21 (1975).

    Google Scholar 

  213. G. A. Sai-Halasz, Inst. of Phys. Conf. Series No. 43, p. 21 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  214. M. Henzler, in Festkörperprobleme, Adv. in Solid State Physics, XIX, 193 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  215. W. Hagen and H. J. Queisser, Appl. Phys. Lett. 32, 269 (1978).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  216. G. A. Baraff, J. A. Appelbaum and D. R. Hamann, Phys. Rev. Lett. 38, 237 (1977).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  217. G. A. Baraff, J. A. Appelbaum and D. R. Hamann, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 14, 999 (1977).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  218. W. E. Pickett, S. G. Louie and M. L. Cohen, Phys. Rev. Lett. 39, 109 (1977).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  219. W. E. Pickett, S. G. Louie and M. L. Cohen, Phys. Rev. B17, 815 (1978).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  220. W. E. Pickett and M. L. Cohen, Phys. Rev. B18, 939 (1978).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  221. W. E. Pickett and M. L. Cohen, Solid State Commun. 25, 225 (1978).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  222. W. R. Frensley and H. Kroemer, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 13, 810 (1976).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  223. W. R. Frensley, in Ref. [5], editor, Proceedings of PCSI5 (Los Angeles, 1978); J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 15, (1978), p. 1465.

    Google Scholar 

  224. W. A. Harrison, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 14, 1016 (1977).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  225. R. W. Grant, J. R. Waldrop and E. A. Kraut, Phys. Rev. Lett. 40, 656 (1978).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  226. W. A. Harrison, E. A. Kraut, J. R. Waldrop and R. W. Grant, Phys. Rev. B18, 4402 (1978).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  227. L. Esaki, W. E. Howard and J. Heer, Surf. Sci. 2, 127 (1964).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  228. L. L. Chang, L. Esaki and R. Tsu, Appl. Phys. Lett. 24, 593 (1974).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  229. R. Dingle, A. C. Gossard and W. Wiegmann, Phys. Rev. Lett. 34, 1327 (1975).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  230. R. Tsu, L. L. Chang, G. A. Sai-Halasz and L. Esaki, Phys. Rev. Lett. 34, 1509 (1975).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  231. H. L. Störmer, R. Dingle, A. C. Gossard, W. Wiegmann and R. A. Logan, Inst. Phys. Conf. Ser. No. 43, p. 557 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  232. H. L. Störmer, R. Dingle, L. Kopf and W. Wiegmann, Bull. Am. Phys. Soc. 23 292 (1978) and to be published.

    Google Scholar 

  233. H. L. Störmer, R. Dingle, A. C. Gossard, W. Wiegmann and M. D. Sturge, in Ref. [7], editor, Proceedings of PCSI6 (Asilomar, California 1979); J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 16 (1979) p. 1517 and Sol. State Commun. 29, 705 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  234. G. Abstreiter and K. Ploog, Phys. Rev. Lett. 42, 1308 (1979) and Verh. der DPG 3, 208 (1980).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  235. G. Abstreiter, Surf. Science, to be published.

    Google Scholar 

  236. G. A. Sai-Halasz, R. Tsu and L. Esaki, Appl. Phys. Lett. 30, 651 (1977).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  237. L. Esaki, Science 183, 1149 (1974); This article is the lecture, Esaki delivered in Stockholm, Sweden, on 12. December 1973, when he received the Nobel Prize in Physics.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  238. L. Esaki and L. L. Chang, Phys. Rev. Lett. 33, 495 (1974).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  239. R. N. Nucho and A. J. Madhukar, in Ref. [5], editor, Proceedings of PCSI5 (Los Angeles, 1978); J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 15, (1978), p. 1530.

    Google Scholar 

  240. G. A. Sai-Halasz, L. Esaki and W. Harrison, Phys. Rev. B18, 2812 (1978).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  241. see S. T. Pantelides, editor, The Physics of SiO 2 and its Interfaces (Pergamon Press, New York, 1978).

    Google Scholar 

  242. W. E. Spicer, P. W. Chye, P. R. Skeath, C. Y. Su and I. Lindau, Inst. Phys. Conf. Ser. No. 50, Chapter 4, to be published.

    Google Scholar 

  243. I. Lindau, P. R. Skeath, C. Y. Su and W. E. Spicer, Surf. Science to be published.

    Google Scholar 

  244. F. Cerrina, G. J. Lapeyre, in Ref. [8], Proceedings of the Conference on the Physics of Semiconductor Surfaces and Interfaces, PSSI (Paris 1979) Surf. Sci., July 1980, to be published.

    Google Scholar 

  245. J. Bonnet, L. Soonckindt and L. Lassabatere, in Ref. [8]. Proceedings of the Conference on the Physics of Semiconductor Surfaces and Interfaces, PSSI (Paris 1979) Surf. Sci., July 1980, to be published.

    Google Scholar 

  246. J. van Laar and J. J. Scheer, Surf. Sci. 8, 3421 (1967).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  247. A. Huijser and J. van Laar, Surf. Sci. 52, 202 (1975).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  248. K. C. Pandey, J. L. Freeouf and D. E. Eastmann, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 14, 904 (1977) and K. C. Pandey, private communication.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  249. W. E. Spicer, I. Lindau, P. Skeath, C. Y. Su and P. Chye, Phys. Rev. Lett. 44, 420 (1980).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

J. Treusch

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1979 Friedr. Vieweg & Sohn Verlagsgesellschaft mbH

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Pollmann, J. (1979). On the electronic structure of semiconductor surfaces, interfaces and defects at surfaces or interfaces. In: Treusch, J. (eds) Festkörperprobleme 20. Advances in Solid State Physics, vol 20. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0116742

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0116742

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-528-08026-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-75365-0

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics