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Optische Absorption von Festkörpern durch Gitterschwingungen

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Festkörper Probleme VI

Part of the book series: Advances in Solid State Physics ((ASSP,volume 6))

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Abstract

This paper shall give an experimentalists survey of the absorption of electromagnetic waves in nonmetatallic solids due to their lattice vibrations. It deals with the absorption in perfect crystals as well as with the impurity induced effects in non perfect crystals. The survey shall be restricted to the pure lattice vibration absorption by means of the electric dipole interaction of the first and higher orders.

The first order absorption or one-phonon absorption leads in heteropolar crystals to the well-known Reststrahlen in the infrared while homopolar crystals of higher symmetry lack any one-phonon absorption. The higher-order effects causing multi-phonon absorption exhibit a broad additional absorption the structure of which is determined by the combined density of the involved phonons and the parameters which couple these phonons in the field. The coupling has two origins, namely the anharmonicity and the nonlinear dipole moment of the lattice vibrations. The latter one causes solely the multi-phonon absorption in homopolar crystals like Ge and Si while the first coupling dominates the multiphonon effects in typical ionic crystals like the alkali halides. All absorption effects in perfect crystals are strongly restricted by the laws of conservation of energy and wavenumber.

Imperfect crystals have lost the translational symmetry which causes the break-down of the wavenumber conservation. Therefore, all lattice modes of the disturbed crystal can lead to optical absorption if they have a nonvanishing dipole moment. This means that imperfect crystals show a continuous one-phonon absorption in the whole range of acoustic and optical lattice frequencies—mainly in the far infrared—which is determined by the density of one-phonon states and by the special eigenvector of the disturbed modes near the defect. This continuous absorption is called band-mode absorption—showing under some circumstances a resonant behavior—and occurs always in crystals with defects. Some sorts of point defects might show in addition to the band-mode absorption a local-mode absorption which appears as a line absorption outside of the lattice bands, i. e. in the acoustic-optical gap or above the highest lattice mode. These modes are strongly localised around the defect particle. The anharmonicity influences the spectral width of such local-modes due to their decay into band-modes. The anharmonicity might also cause a coupling of the local-mode to band-modes in the electromagnetic field so that phonon-sidebands appear in absorption around the local-mode line.

The comparison between theory and experiment will be considered in detail to all the above mentioned effects.

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  1. Physikalisches Institut der Universität Freiburg im Breisgau, Freiburg, Deutschland

    L. Genzel

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  1. L. Genzel
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O. Madelung

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© 1967 Friedr. Vieweg & Sohn GmbH, Verlag

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Genzel, L. (1967). Optische Absorption von Festkörpern durch Gitterschwingungen. In: Madelung, O. (eds) Festkörper Probleme VI. Advances in Solid State Physics, vol 6. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0109109

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0109109

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  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-75319-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-75320-9

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