Abstract
The role of time in quantum mechanics is discussed. The differences between ordinary observables and an observable which corresponds to the time of an event is examined. In particular, the time-of-arrival of a particle to a fixed location is not an ordinary quantum mechanical observable. While we can measure if the particle arrives, we argue that the time at which it arrives always has an inherent ambiguity. The minimum inaccuracy of time-of-arrival measurements is given by δt a > 1/E k where E k is the kinetic energy of the particle. The use of time-of-arrival operators, as well as current operators, is examined critically.
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Y. Aharonov, J. Oppenheim, S. Popescu, B. Reznik, W.G. Unruh, Phys. Rev. A, 57, 4130, 1998 (quant-ph/9709031).
J. Oppenheim, B. Reznik, W.G. Unruh, quant-ph/9805064, submitted to Phys. Rev. A
G.R. Allcock, Ann. Phys, 53, 253 (1969)
G.R. Allcock, Ann. Phys, 53, 286 (1969)
A. Peres, Am. J. Phys., 48, 552 (1980).
M. D. Srinivas and R, Vijayalakshmi, Pramana, 16, 173 (1981).
Y. Aharonov and D. Bohm, Phys. Rev. 122, 1649 (1961), J. Kijowski, Rep. Math. Phys. 6, 362 (1974) for more recent work see [10] and [20]
N. Grot, C. Rovelli, R. S. Tate, Phys. Rev. A54, 4676 (1996), quant-ph/9603021. For recent work on the time-of-arrival see also Ref. [20].
H. Salecker and E. P. Wigner, Phys. Rev. 109, 571 (1958).
R.S. Dumont, T.L. Marchioro II, Phys. Rev. A 47 85 (1993)
C.R. Leavens, Phys. Lett. A 178, 27 (1993)
W.R. MacKinnon, C.R. Leavens, Phys. Rev. A, 51 2748 (1995)
J.G. Muga, S. Brouard, D. Macias, Ann. Phys. (N.Y.) 240 351 (1995)
Ph. Blanchard, A. Jadczyk, quant-ph/9602010
V. Delgado, J.G. Muga, Phys. Rev. A 56 3425 (1997) (quant-ph/9704010); V. Delgado, quant-ph/9709037; C. Rovelli, quant-ph/902020
B. Mielnik, Found. Phys. 24, 1113 (1994)
J. von Neumann, Mathematische Grundlagen der Quantenmechanik (Springer, Berlin, 1932) p. 195, [English translation: Mathematical Foundations of Quantum Mechanics, trans E.T. Beyer (Princeton University Press, Princeton, 1995) p.366]
B. Misra and E.C.G. Sudarshan, J. Math. Phys. 18, 756 (1977)
J.G. Muga, S. Brouard, and D. Macias, Ann. Phys. (N.Y.) 240, 351 (1995) and J. Palao, J. Muga, R. Sala (quant-ph/9805035)
N. Yamada, S. Takagi Prog. Theor. Phys, 85, 985 (1991); 86, 599 (1991); 87, 77 (1992)
C.R. Leavens, “Time of arrival in quantum and Bohmian mechanics”, to be published in Phys. Rev. A
J. Oppenheim, B. Reznik, W.G. Unruh, quant-ph/9801034, submitted to Phys. Rev. A
W. Pauli, Die allgemeinen Prinzipien der Wellenmechanik, in Handbook of physics, eds. H. Geiger and K. Schell, Vol. 24 Part 1, (Berlin, Springer Verlag).
J. Oppenheim, B. Reznik, W.H. Unruh, currently being prepared for publication.
For a discussion see: W. G. Unruh, and R. M. Wald, Phys. Rev., D40 2598 (1989). K.V. Kuchar, “Time and interpretations of quantum gravity”, In Winnipeg 1991, Proceedings, General relativity and relativistic astrophysics 211–314.
For a review of recent developments on the arrival time problem see J.G. Muga, R. Sala, J.P. Palao (quant-ph/9801043). Other recent works include J. Leon, J. Phys. A30 (1997) 4791 (quant-ph/9608013)
V. Delgado and J. G. Muga, Phys. Rev. A 56, 3425 (1997) (quant-ph/9704010); V. Delgado, Phys. Rev. A (to appear on Feb 1998) (quant-ph/9709037); Ph. Blanchard, A. Jadczyk, (quant-ph/9702019); J.J. Halliwell, E. Zafiris, (quant-ph/9706045); J.J. Halliwell, quant-ph/905057 J.G. Muga, J.P. Palao, C.R. Leavens, (quant-ph/9803087)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1999 Springer-Verlag
About this paper
Cite this paper
Oppenheim, J., Reznik, B., Unruh, W.G. (1999). Time as an observable. In: Blanchard, P., Jadczyk, A. (eds) Quantum Future From Volta and Como to the Present and Beyond. Lecture Notes in Physics, vol 517. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0105347
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0105347
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-65218-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-49482-9
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive