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Polymer Synthesis/Polymer Catalysis pp 1–58Cite as

Concentrated emulsion polymerization

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Part of the book series: Advances in Polymer Science ((POLYMER,volume 127))

Abstract

The present review summarizes results obtained in the last few years in this laboratory regarding the concentrated emulsion polymerization method. In this method, concentrated emulsions have been used as precursors for latexes of homopolymers, copolymers and tough polymers. They have also been employed to prepare conductive polymers, composites, composite membranes, microsponge molecular reservoirs and polymer supported quaternary onium salts, polymer supported palladium complexes and quaternary onium salts, polymer supported enzymes or cells. In contrast to the conventional emulsions, concentrated emulsions have a large volume fraction of dispersed phase, greater than 0.74 and as large as 0.99. When the volume fraction of the dispersed phase is sufficiently large, polyhedral cells of the dispersed phase are separated by thin films of continuous phase. Latexes have been prepared by dispersing a hydrophobic monomer(s) in a small amount of water containing a surfactant, or by dispersing a hydrophilic monomer(s) in a small amount of hydrocarbon (decane) containing a surfactant, and polymerizing the system. Composites have been prepared by dispersing an aqueous solution of a hydrophilic monomer(s) in a small amount of a solution of a hydrophobic monomer in a hydrocarbon, or by dispersing a solution of a hydrophobic monomer(s) in a hydrocarbon in a small amount of a solution of a hydrophilic monomer in water; this was followed by polymerization. Conventional emulsions, microemulsions or colloidal dispersions have been sometimes employed. It is important to emphasize that the polymerized system almost maintains the structure of the emulsion precursor employed.

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Abbreviations

AA:

acrylic acid

AAM:

acrylamide

Arkopal-N15:

α-(4-nonylphenil)-ω-hydroxypoly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl)

AIBN:

azobisisobutyronitrile

BMA:

butylmethacrylate

CA:

cetyl alcohol

CMC:

critical micelle concentration

DSC:

differential scanning calorimetry

DMF:

dimethyl formamide

DVB:

divinyl benzene

EDS:

energy dispersive spectroscopy

EMA:

ethyl methacrylate

EO:

ethylene oxide

HLB:

hydrophilic-lipophilic balance

MAA:

methacrylic acid

MEHQ:

methyl hydroquinone

MMA:

methyl methacrylate

OA:

oleyl alcohol

PAA:

poly(acrylic acid)

PBMA:

poly(butyl methacrylate)

PDVB:

poly(divinylbenzene)

PMAA:

poly(methacrylic acid)

PMMA:

poly(methyl methacrylate)

PS:

polystyrene

PVBC:

poly(vinylbenzene chloride)

PVDC:

poly(vinylidene chloride)

SBS:

styrene-butadiene-styrene

SDS:

sodium dodecyl sulfate

Span 20:

sorbitan monolaurate

Span 80:

sorbitan monooleate

ST:

styrene

THF:

tetrahydrofuran

Triton X-100:

α-[4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenyl]-ω-hydroxypoly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl)

Tween 20:

polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate

VBC:

vinylbenzene chloride

VDC:

vinylidene chloride

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Chemical Engineering Department, State University of New York at Buffalo, 14260, Buffalo, NY, USA

    Eli Ruckenstein

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  1. Eli Ruckenstein
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© 1997 Springer-Verlag

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Ruckenstein, E. (1997). Concentrated emulsion polymerization. In: Polymer Synthesis/Polymer Catalysis. Advances in Polymer Science, vol 127. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0103628

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0103628

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-61288-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-68444-2

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