Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Magneto-optical Kerr spectroscopy of transition metal alloy and compound films

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Spin—Orbit-Influenced Spectroscopies of Magnetic Solids

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Physics ((LNP,volume 466))

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. U. Gradmann and J. Müller, Phys. Stat. Sol. 27 (1968) p. 313.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  2. P.F. Carcia, A.D. Meinholdt, and A. Suna, Appl. Phys. Lett. 47 (1985) p. 178.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  3. M.N. Baibich, J.M. Broto, A. Fert, F.N.V. Dau, F. Petroff, P. Eitenne, G. Creuzet, A. Friedrich, and J. Chazelas, Phys. Rev. Lett. 61 (1988) p. 2472.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  4. G. Binasch, P. Grünberg, F. Saurenbach, and W. Zinn, Phys. Rev. B39 (1989) p. 4828.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  5. S.S.P. Parkin, N. More, and K.P. Roche, Phys. Rev. Lett. 64 (1990) p. 2304.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  6. Thin film MOKE is often referred to as SMOKE: E.R. Moog and S.D. Bader, Superlattices Microstructure 1, 543 (1985); S. D. Bader, E.R. Moog, and P. Grünberg, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 53, L285 (1986).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. For a review on SMOKE see: S.D. Bader, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 100, 440 (1991).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  8. Efforts have been undertaken to expand the photon energy range further into the ultraviolet region (up to ≈6 eV in air [9] and up to ≈11 eV [10] in vacuum using with synchrotron radiation [11, 12, 10]).

    Google Scholar 

  9. K. Sato, H. Hongu, H. Ikekame, J. Watanabe, K. Tsuzukiyama, and Y. Togami, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 31, 3603 (1992).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  10. T. Sugimoto, T. Katayama, Y. Suzuki, T. Koide, T. Sidara, M. Yuri, A. Itoh, and K. Kawanishi, Phys. Rev. B 48 16432 (1993).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  11. Y. Suzuki and T. Katayama, J. Magn. Soc. Jpn. 17 S1, 29 (1993).

    Google Scholar 

  12. N.K. Flevaris, S. Logothetidis, J. Petalas, P. Kielar, M. Nyvlt, V. Parizek, S. Visnovsky, and R. Krishnan, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 121, 479 (1992).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. T. Katayama, Y. Suzuki, H. Awano, Y. Nishihara, and N. Koshizuka, Phys. Rev. Lett. 60, 1426 (1988).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  14. W. Reim and D. Weller, Appl. Phys. Lett. 53, 2453 (1988).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  15. Y. Suzuki, T. Katayama, S. Yoshida, T. Tanaka, and K. Sato, Phys. Rev. Lett. 68, 3355 (1992).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  16. Y. Suzuki, T. Katayama, A. Thiaville, K. Sato, M. Taninaka, and S. Yoshida, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 121, 539 (1993).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  17. W.R. Bennet, W. Schwarzacher, and W.F. Egelhoff, Phys. Rev. Lett. 65, 3169 (1990).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  18. Z.Q. Qiu, J. Pearson, A. Berger, and S.D. Bader, Phys. Rev. Lett. 68, 1398, (1992).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  19. Y. Suzuki and T. Katayama, Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. Vol. 313, 153 (1993).

    Google Scholar 

  20. T. Katayama, Y. Suzuki, M. Hayashi, and A. Thiaville, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 126, 527 (1993).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  21. Wim Geerts, Y. Suzuki, T. Katayama, K. Tanaka, K. Ando, and S. Yoshida, Phys. Rev. B 50, 12581 (1994).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  22. R. Mégy, A. Bounouh, Y. Suzuki, P. Beauvillain, P. Bruno, C. Chappert, B. Lecuyer, and P. Veillet, Phys. Rev. B51, 5586 (1995).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  23. A. Carl and D. Weller, Phys. Rev. Lett. 74, 190 (1995).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  24. D. Weller, H. Brändle, and C. Chappert, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 121, 461 (1993).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  25. G. R. Harp, D. Weller, T.A. Rabedeau, R.F.C. Farrow, and M.F. Toney, Phys. Rev. Lett. 71, 2493 (1993).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  26. G.R. Harp, D. Weller, T.A. Rabedeau, R.F.C. Farrow, and R.F. Marks, Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 313, 493 (1993).

    Google Scholar 

  27. D. Weller, H. Brändle, R.F.C. Farrow, R.F. Marks, and G.R. Harp, in Magnetism and Structure in Systems of Reduced Dimension, edited by R.F.C. Farrow et al., NATO ASI Series B, Vol. 309 (Plenum, New York, 1993), p. 201.

    Google Scholar 

  28. W.B. Zeper, F.J.A.M. Greidanus, P.F. Carcia, and C.R. Fincher, J. Appl. Phys. 65, 4971 (1989).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  29. S. Hashimoto, Y. Ochiai, and K. Aso, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 28, 1824 (1989).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  30. D. Weller, H. Brändle, g. Gorman, c.-J. Lin, and H. Notarys, Appl. Phys. Lett. 61, 2726 (1992).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  31. H. Brändle, D. Weller, S.S.P. Parkin, J.C. Scott, and C.-J. Lin, IEEE Trans. Mag. 28, 2967 (1992).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  32. J.E. Hurst Jr. and W.J. Kozlovsky, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 32 5301 (1993).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  33. W.J. Kozlovsky, W. Lenth, E.E. Latta, A. Moser, and J.L. Bona, Appl. Phys. Lett. 56, 2291 (1990).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  34. D. Weller, R.F.C. Farrow, J.E. Hurst, H. Notarys, H. Brändle, M. Rührig, and A. Hubert, Optical Memory and Neural Networks 3, 353 (1994).

    Google Scholar 

  35. Mark Kryder, Annu. Rev. Mater. Sci. 23, 411 (1993).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  36. Masud Mansuripur, The Principles of Magneto-Optical Recording, (Cambridge University Press, 1995).

    Google Scholar 

  37. D. Weller, G.R. Harp, R.F.C. Farrow, A. Cebollada, and J. Sticht, Phys. Rev. Lett. 72, 2097 (1994).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  38. A detailed discussion of the magnetic and MOKE anisotropy of the present FePt films will be presented elsewhere. All anisotropy constants cited here were estimated from 45 deg torque measurements. D. Weller, et al. (to be published).

    Google Scholar 

  39. There is growing interest in non-linear magneto-optical effects as a surface and interface sensitive tool. See e.g.: Ru-Pin Pan, H.D. Wei, and Y.R. Shen, Phys. Rev. B 39, 1229 (1989); W. Hübner and K.H. Bennemann, Phys. Rev. B 40, 5973 (1989); J. Reif, J.C. Zink, C.M. Schneider, and J. Kirschner, Phys. Rev. Lett. 67, 2878 (1991).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  40. M. Faraday, Trans. R. Soc. London (London) 5, 592 (1846).

    Google Scholar 

  41. J. Kerr, Philos. Mag. 3 339 (1877);—om ibid., J. Kerr, Philos. Mag. 5 161 (1878).

    Google Scholar 

  42. M.J. Freiser, IEEE Trans. Magn. MAG-4, 152 (1968).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  43. P. Bruno, Physical Origins and Theoretical Models of Magnetic Anisotropy in “Ferienkurse des Forschungszentrums,” Jülich, ISBN 3-89336-110-3, 24.1–24.27, (1993).

    Google Scholar 

  44. C.S. Wang and J. Callaway, Phys. Rev. B 9, 4897 (1974).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  45. R. Kubo, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn 12, 570 (1957).

    Article  MathSciNet  ADS  Google Scholar 

  46. P.M. Oppeneer, T. Maurer, J. Sticht, and J. Kübler, Phys. Rev. B 45, 10924 (1992).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  47. P.M. Oppeneer, J. Sticht, T. Maurer, and J. Kübler, Z. Phys. B-Condens. Matter 88, 309 (1992).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  48. D. Weller, J. Sticht, G.R. Harp, R.F.C. Farrow, R.F. Marks, and H. Brändle, Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. 313, 501 (1993).

    Google Scholar 

  49. I. Osterloh, P.M. Oppeneer, J. Sticht, and J. Kübler, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 6, 285 (1994).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  50. G.Y. Guo and H. Ebert, Phys. Rev. B 50, 10377 (1994).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  51. T. Gasche, Ph.D. thesis, Uppsala University (1994) (unpublished); T. Gasche, M.S.S. Brooks, and B. Johansson, Proc. of Magneto-Optical Recording International Symposium, Tokyo, 1994 (1995), p.303.

    Google Scholar 

  52. J. Kübler, J. Phys. Chem. Solids 56, 1529 (1995).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  53. P.M. Oppeneer, T. Kraft, and H. Eschrig, Phys. Rev. B 52, 3577 (1995).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  54. J.M. MacLaren, and W. Huang, Magnetism and Magnetic Materials Conference '95, Philadelphia, (J. Appl. Phys. (to be published)).

    Google Scholar 

  55. Ruqian Wu, private communication (1995).

    Google Scholar 

  56. Proceedings of the 1994 Conference on Magneto-Optic Materials, June 16–18, 1994, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA. eds. F.M. Müller, B.R. Cooper, and B.N. Harmon, J. Phys. Chem. Sol. Vol. 56 No. 11, November (1995).

    Google Scholar 

  57. W. Reim and J. Schoenes, Ferromagnetic Materials (Edited by E.P. Wohlfarth and K.H.J. Buschow), pp. 133–236, North-Holland Amsterdam (1990).

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  58. J. Schoenes, Materials Science and Technology (Edited by R.W. Cahn, P. Haasen, and E.J. Kramer) Vol. 3, p. 147. Chemie, Weinheim (1992).

    Google Scholar 

  59. K.H.J. Buschow, Handbook on Ferromagnetic Materials, p. 493, North-Holland, Amsterdam (1988).

    Google Scholar 

  60. R.F.C. Farrow, G.R. Harp R.F. Marks, T.A. Rabedeau, M.F. Toney, R.J. Savoy, D. Weller, and S.S.P. Parkin, J. Crystal Growth 133 (1993) p. 47.

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  61. H. Brändle, D. Weller, S.S.P. Parkin, J.C. Scott, P. Fumagalli, W. Reim, R.J. Gambino, R. Ruf, and G. Güntherodt, Phys. Rev. B 46, 13889 (1992).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  62. G.R. Harp, R.F.C. Farrow, D. Weller, T.A. Rabedeau, and R.F. Marks, Phys. Rev. B 48, 17538 (1993).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  63. see e.g.: J.H. Weaver, C. Krafka, D.W. Lynch, E.E. Koch: Optical Properties of Metals, Vol. 1, Fachinformationszentrum Energie, Karlsruhe (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  64. The leading anisotropy energy contribution, K1, is of second order in sinπ in hcp Co and of fourth order in sinπ in fcc Co, π being the angle between the magnetization M and the hexagonal c-axis.

    Google Scholar 

  65. T. Suzuki, D. Weller, C.-A. Chang, R. Savoy, T.C. Huang, B. Gurney, and V. Speriosu, Appl. Phys. Lett. 64, 2736 (1994).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  66. J. Fassbender, J. Mathieu, B. Hillebrands, G. Güntherodt, R. Jungblut, and M.T. Johnson, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 148, 156 (1995).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  67. F. Schreiber, A. Solimon, P. Bödeker, R. Meckenstock, K. Bröhl, J. Pelzl, and I.A. Garifullin, J. Appl. Phys. 75, 6492 (1994).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  68. A.R. Mackintosh and O.K. Andersen, in Electrons at the Fermi Surface, ed. M. Springford (Cambridge University Press, 1980) p. 185.

    Google Scholar 

  69. H. Brooks, Phys. Rev. 58, 909 (1940).

    Article  ADS  MATH  Google Scholar 

  70. G.C. Fletcher, Proc. Phys. Soc. London Sect. A 67, 505 (1954).

    Article  ADS  MATH  Google Scholar 

  71. P. Bruno, Phys. Rev. B 39, 865 (1989).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  72. Here we have assumed no spin orbit coupling for the p states. Including such coupling increases the complexity of the analysis but does not qualitatively change the results.

    Google Scholar 

  73. D.K. Misemer, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 72, 267 (1988).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  74. J. Stöhr and H. König, Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 3748 (1995).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  75. That the total magnetic moment of bulk hcp Co is anisotropic is well known. Δμ/μ=0.045%: Landolt-Börnstein, Vol.III/19a, ed. H.P.J. Wijn, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986; See also: K. Baberschke, The Magnetism of Nickel Monolayers (preprint September 1995).

    Google Scholar 

  76. Large orbital moment anisotropies have been observed in ultrathin Co films: D. Weller, J. Stöhr, R. Nakajima, A. Carl, M.G. Samant, R. Mégy, P. Beauvillain, P. Veillet, and G.A. Held, Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 3752 (1995).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  77. D. Weller, A. Carl, R. Savoy, T.C. Huang, M.F. Toney, and C. Chappert, J. Phys. Chem. Solids 56, 1563 (1995).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  78. K. Nakajima and T. Miyazaki, 40th Magnetism and Magnetic Materials Conference, Philadelphia, USA, Nov. 6–9, 1995 paper BR-24 (J. Appl. Phys. (to be published)).

    Google Scholar 

  79. A. Carl, D. Weller, and B. Hillebrands, Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 343, 351 (1994).

    Google Scholar 

  80. We have systematically investigated the hcp→fcc transition in MOKE spectra, the magnetization and second and fourth order anisotropy constants of Co1−x Nix alloy films grown at room temperature (0≤x≤1) and between room temperature and 408°C (x=0.18) on Pt(111) buffers. A. Carl, D. Weller, and B. Hillebrands, (to be published).

    Google Scholar 

  81. T. Katayama, T. Sugimoto, Y. Suzuki, M. Hashimoto, P. de Haan, J.C. Lodder, J. Magn. Mag. Mater. 104–107, 1002 (1992).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  82. T. Sugimoto, T. Katayama, Y. Suzuki and Y. Nishihara, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 28, L2333 (1989).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  83. T. Katayama, Y. Suzuki, Y. Nishihara, T. Sugimoto, and M. Hashimoto, J. Appl. Phys. 69, 5658 (1991).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  84. M. Watanabe, K. Takanashi and H. Fujimori, J. Magn. Mag. Mat. 113, 110 (1991).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  85. K. Sato, H. Hongu, H. Ikekame, Y. Tosaka, M. Watanabe, K. Takanashi, and H. Fujimori, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 32, 989 (1993).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  86. R.F.C. Farrow, D. Weller, R.F. Marks, M.F. Toney, A. Cebollada, and G.R. Harp, 40th Magnetism and Magnetic Materials Conference, Philadelphia, USA, Nov. 6–9, 1995 paper FF-11 (J. Appl. Phys. (to be published)).

    Google Scholar 

  87. K.R. Coffey, M.A. Parker, and J.K. Howard, IEEE Trans. Mag. 31, 2737 (1995).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  88. G. Daalderop, P.J. Kelly, and M.F.H. Schuurmans, Phys. Rev. B 44, 12054 (1991).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  89. A. Sakuma, J. Phys. Soc. Japan 63, 3053 (1994).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  90. O.A. Ivanov, L.V. Solina, V.A. Demshira, and L.M. Magat, Phys. Met. Metallogr. 35, 92 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  91. S. Mitani, K. Takanashi, M. Sano, H. Fujimori, A. Osawa, and H. Nakajima, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 148, 163 (1995).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  92. K.H.J. Buschow, P.G. van Engen, and R. Jongebreur, J. Magn. Mag. Mater. 38, 1 (1983).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  93. A. Cebollada, D. Weller, J. Sticht, G.R. Harp, R.F.C. Farrow, R.F. Marks, R. Savoy, and J.C. Scott, Phys. Rev. B 50, 3419 (1994).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  94. B.M. Lairson and B.M. Clemens, Appl. Phys. Lett. 63, 1438 (1993).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  95. B.M. Lairson, M.R. Visokay, R. Sinclair, and B.M. Clemens, Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Vol. 313, 805 (1993).

    Google Scholar 

  96. For detailed information about the CuAu(I) type structure, see for example F.C. Nix and W. Shockley, Rev. Mod. Phys. 10, 1 (1938).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  97. B.E. Warren, X-ray Diffraction (Dover Publications, Inc., New York, 1990), p. 208.

    Google Scholar 

  98. ab-initio MOKE calculations clearly show that there is an orientation dependence in FePt like in hexagonal Co, however, the magnitude seems to be weaker than in the present experiment. It is not clear, whether this has to be attributed to the sample quality (perhaps some remaining disorder) or to the calculations. We will address this point in more detail in a future publication [38]. For theory, see: P.M. Oppeneer, T. Kraft, V.N. Antonov, and H. Eschrig, (preprint 1995); P.M. Oppeneer and V.N. Antonov, in: Spin-Orbit Influenced Spectroscopies, ed. H. Ebert and G. Schütz (Springer, Heidelberg, 1996).

    Google Scholar 

  99. A.S. Darling, Platinum Met. Rev. 17, 96 (1963).

    Google Scholar 

  100. R.A. McCurrie, and P. Graunt, Phil. Mag. 19, 339, (1969).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  101. T. Yogi, C. Tsang, T. Nguyen, K. Ju, G. Gorman, and G. Castillo, IEEE Trans. Mag. 26, 2271 (1990).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  102. T. Massalski, Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams, 2nd ed. (Metals Information Society, Metals Park, OH, 1990) p. 2.

    Google Scholar 

  103. M. Hansen, K. Anderko, Constitution of Binary Alloys, (McGraw Hill, New York, 1958).

    Google Scholar 

  104. J.M. Sanchez, J.L. Morán-López, C. Leroux, and M.C. Cadeville, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 1, 491 (1989).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  105. C.E. Dahmani, Ph.D. thesis, Louis Pasteur University, Strasbourg, (1985), p.1.

    Google Scholar 

  106. A.W. Simpson and R.H. Tredgold, Proc. Phys. Soc. B 67, 38 (1954).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  107. D. Treves, J.T. Jacobs, and E. Sawatzky, J. Appl. Phys. 46, 2760 (1975).

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. IBM Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, 95120, San Jose, CA

    D. Weller

Authors
  1. D. Weller
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Hubert Ebert Gisela Schütz

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1996 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

Weller, D. (1996). Magneto-optical Kerr spectroscopy of transition metal alloy and compound films. In: Ebert, H., Schütz, G. (eds) Spin—Orbit-Influenced Spectroscopies of Magnetic Solids. Lecture Notes in Physics, vol 466. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0102339

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0102339

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-60843-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-49619-9

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation