Abstract
The forest products industry has traditionally viewed trees as merely a raw, and more or less immutable, natural resource. However, unlike such inanimate resources as metallic ores, trees have the potential to be modified genetically, essentially transmuting lead into gold. Increasingly, modern alchemists are applying the tools of biotechnology in efforts to reduce the biological constraints on forest productivity. Several new methodologies being used to address problems in forest biology are described with respect to their potential impact on forest tree improvement. In addition to addressing problems inherent to the current use of trees for production of pulp and paper or solid wood products, genetic manipulation of trees brings with it the potential to create new industries based on the novel characteristics of transgenic trees, e.g. trees containing transgenes to detoxify specific pollutants could be used in the remediation of sites contaminated with hazardous wastes. Efforts to modify trees through biotechnology are in their infancy, and this review seeks to outline the underpinnings of what will undoubtedly be an area of increased emphasis in the next millennium.
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Abbreviations
- 2,4-D:
-
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- AFLP:
-
amplified fragment length polymorphism
- BAP:
-
benzylaminopurine
- Bt:
-
Bacillus thuringiensis endotoxin
- CAD:
-
cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase
- CaMV:
-
cauliflower mosaic virus
- CAT:
-
chloramphenicol acetyltransferase
- EPSP:
-
5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate
- F5H:
-
ferulate-5-hydroxylase
- GFP:
-
green fluorescent protein
- GUS:
-
β-glucuronidase
- IAA:
-
indoleacetic acid
- NAA:
-
naphthylacetic acid
- OMT:
-
o-methyltransferase
- PCR:
-
polymerase chain reaction
- PEG:
-
polyethylene glycol
- QTL:
-
quantitative trait locus
- RAPD:
-
random amplified polymorphic DNA
- RFLP:
-
restriction fragment length polymorphism
- STFI:
-
Swedish Pulp and Paper Research Institute
- vir:
-
a class of genes controlling the virulence of Agrobacterium tumefaciens
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Dean, J.F.D., LaFayette, P.R., Eriksson, KE.L., Merkle, S.A. (1997). Forest tree biotechnology. In: Eriksson, K.E.L., et al. Biotechnology in the Pulp and Paper Industry. Advances in Biochemical Engineering/Biotechnology, vol 57. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0102071
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