Abstract
Spiral galaxies evolve through angular momentum transfer from the center to outer parts; stars are participating to this evolution but quickly heat up through gravitational instability to reach a hot quasi steady-state in the absence of gas. The latter is then the motor of evolution, and is at the origin of the formation of secondary structures, as rings, lenses or bars within bars. The evolution can be self-regulated, since too much gas concentration weakens the bar, and star-formation locks the gas in the disk, slowing the gas inflow to the nucleus. We show how fast-rotating nuclear features can halt the evolution during a short time.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Adams, F. C., Ruden, S. P., Shu, F. H. (1989): ApJ 347, 959
Athanassoula, E. (1983): in Proc. IAU Symp. 100 Internal Kinematics and Dynamics of Galaxies, ed. E. Athanassoula, Kluwer, Dordrecht, p 243.
Athanassoula, E. (1992): MNRAS 259, 345
Athanassoula, E., Bosma, A., Crézé, M., Schwarz, M.P. (1982): A&A 107, 101
Athanassoula, E., Sellwood, J.A. (1986): MNRAS 221, 213
Bacon, R., Emsellem, E., Monnet, G., Nieto, J-L. (1994): A&A 281, 691
Baldwin, J. E., Lynden-Bell, D., Sancisi, R. (1980): MNRAS 193, 313
Bally, J., Stark, A. A., Wilson, R. W., Henkel, C. (1988) ApJ 324, 223
Bertin, G., Romeo, A. B., (1988) A&A 195, 105
Bosma, A. (1983): in Proc. IAU Symp. 100 Internal Kinematics and Dynamics of Galaxies, ed. E. Athanassoula, Kluwer, Dordrecht, p. 253.
Burton, W. B., Liszt, H. S. (1978): ApJ 225, 815
Buta R. (1986): ApJS 61, 631
Buta, R. (1992): in Morphological and Physical Classification of Galaxies, eds. G. Longo et al., Kluwer, Dordrecht, p. 1
Buta, R., Crocker, D. A. (1991): AJ 102, 1715
Buta, R., Crocker, D. A. (1993): AJ 105, 1344
Christiansen, J.H., Jefferys, W.H. (1976): ApJ 205, 52
Combes, F. (1988): in Galactic and Extragalactic Star Formation, Nato Advanced Studies Series, ed. R. E. Pudritz, M. Fich, Kluwer, Dordrecht, p. 475
Combes, F. (1994): in Mass-Transfer Induced Activity in Galaxies, ed. I. Shlosman, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, p. 170
Combes, F., Gerin, M. (1985): A&A 150, 327
Combes, F., Debbasch, F., Friedli, D., Pfenniger, D. (1990a): A&A 233, 82
Combes, F., Dupraz, C., Gerin, M. (1990b): in Dynamics and Interactions of Galaxies, ed. R. Wielen, Springer, p. 205
Contopoulos, G., Gottesman S.T., Hunter J.H., England, M.N. (1989): ApJ 343, 608
Contopoulos, G., Grosbøl, P. (1989): A&AR, 1, 261
Courteau, S., de Jong, R.S., Broeils, A.H. (1996): ApJ 457, L73
de Vaucouleurs, G., Freeman, K.C. (1970): in Proc. IAU Symp. 38 The Spiral Structure of our Galaxy, eds. W. Becker, G. Contopoulos, Kluwer, Dordrecht, p. 356
Donner, K.J., Thomasson, M. (1994): A&A 290, 785
Elmegreen, B. G. (1994): ApJ 427, 384
Frank, J., King, A.R., Raine, D.J. (1985): Accretion Power in Astrophysics, Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge
Freeman, K.C. (1975): in Proc. IAU Symp. 69 Dynamics of Stellar Systems, ed. A. Hayli, Kluwer, Dordrecht, p. 367
Friedli, D., Benz, W. (1993): A&A 268, 65
Friedli, D., Martinet, L. (1993): A&A 277, 27
Goldreich, P., Tremaine, S. (1979): ApJ 233, 857
Hasan, H., Norman, C. (1990): ApJ 361, 69
Hasan, H., Pfenniger, D., Norman, C. (1993): ApJ 409, 91
Huntley, J. M., Sanders, R. H., Roberts, W. W. (1978): ApJ 221, 521
Jog, C.J., Solomon, P.M. (1984): ApJ, 276, 114
Junqueira, S., Combes, F. (1996): A&A in press
Kalnajs, A.J. (1971): ApJ 166, 275
Kalnajs, A.J. (1976): ApJ 205, 745
Kennicutt, R.C. (1989): ApJ 344, 685
Kormendy, J. (1977): ApJ 214, 359
Kormendy, J. (1979): ApJ 227, 714
Kormendy, J. (1982) in Morphology and Dynamics of Galaxies, 12th Advanced Course of the SSAA, eds. L. Martinet, M. Mayor. Geneva Observatory, Geneva, p. 113
Kormendy, J. (1984): ApJ 286, 116
Larson, R.B. (1988) in Galactic and Extragalactic Star Formation. Proc. of the NATO, Vol. 232, 31
Lin, D.N.C., Pringle, J.E. (1987a): MNRAS 225, 607
Lin, D.N.C., Pringle, J.E. (1987b): ApJ 320, L87
Liszt, H.S., Burton, W.B. (1978): ApJ 226, 790
Louis, P.D., Gerhard, O.E. (1988): MNRAS 233, 337
Lynden-Bell, D., Kalnajs, A.J. (1972): MNRAS 157, 1
Lynden-Bell, D., Ostriker, J.P. (1967): MNRAS 136, 293
Marcelin, M., Athanassoula, E. (1982): A&A 105, 76
Miller, R.H., Smith, B.F. (1992): ApJ 393, 508
Nishida, M.T., Wakamatsu, K. (1996): AJ in press
Norman, C.A., May, A., van Albada, T.S. (1985): ApJ 296, 20
Ostriker, J.P., Peebles, P.J.E. (1973): ApJ 186, 467
Pfenniger, D., Norman, C.A. (1990): ApJ 363, 391
Pfenniger, D., Combes, F., Martinet, L. (1994): A&A 285, 79
Phinney, E. S. (1994): in Mass Transfer Induced Activity in Galaxies, ed. I. Shlosman, Cambridge Univ. Press, p. 1
Prendergast, K. (1983): in Proc. IAU Symp. 100 Internal Kinematics and Dynamics of Galaxies, ed. E. Athanassoula, Kluwer, Dordrecht, p. 215
Roberts, W. W. Huntley, J. M., van Albada, G. D. (1979): ApJ 233, 67
Roberts, W. W., Hausman, M. A. (1984): ApJ 277, 744
Sanders, R.H., Huntley, J.M. (1976): ApJ 209, 53
Sanders, R.H., Prendergast, K.H. (1974): ApJ 188, 489
Sanders, R.H., Tubbs, A.D. (1980): ApJ 235, 803
Schwarz, M.P. (1981): ApJ 247, 77
Schwarz, M.P. (1984): MNRAS 209, 93
Sellwood, J.A., Carlberg, R.G. (1984): ApJ 282, 61
Sellwood, J.A., Wilkinson, A. (1993): Rep. Prog. Phys., 56, 173
Shakura, N.I., Sunyaev, R.A. (1973): A&A 24, 337
Shaw, M.A., Combes, F., Axon, D.J., Wright, G.S. (1993): A&A 273, 31
Shlosman, I., Noguchi, M. (1993): ApJ 414, 474.
Shu, F. H., Tremaine, S., Adams, F. C., Ruden, S. P., (1990): ApJ 358, 495
Tagger, M., Sygnet, J. F., Athanassoula, E., Pellat, R. (1987): ApJ 318, L43
Toomre, A. (1964): ApJ 139, 1217
Toomre, A. (1969): ApJ 158, 899
Toomre, A. (1990): in Dynamics and Interactions of Galaxies, ed. R. Wielen, Springer, p. 292
Tremaine, S. (1995): AJ 110, 628
van Albada, G. D. (1983): in Proc. IAU Symp. 100 Internal Kinematics and Dynamics of Galaxies, ed. E. Athanassoula, Kluwer, Dordrecht, p. 237
von Linden, S., Lesch, H., Combes, F. (1996): A&A preprint.
Weinberg, M.D. (1994): ApJ 421, 481
Wilson, A. S., Baldwin, J. A. (1985): ApJ 289, 124
Zhang, X. (1996): I ApJ 457, 125, and II preprint
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1996 Springer-Verlag
About this paper
Cite this paper
Combes, F. (1996). Rings, lenses, nuclear bars: the fundamental role of gas. In: Sandqvist, A., Lindblad, P.O. (eds) Barred Galaxies and Circumnuclear Activity. Lecture Notes in Physics, vol 474. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0101970
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0101970
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-61571-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-70694-6
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive