Skip to main content

Spring algorithms and symmetry

Extended Abstract

  • Session 7: Graph Algorithms
  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Computing and Combinatorics (COCOON 1997)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNCS,volume 1276))

Included in the following conference series:

Abstract

Spring algorithms are effective tools for visualizing undirected graphs. One major feature of applying spring algorithms is to display symmetric structures of graphs. This feature has been confirmed by numerous experiments. In this paper, we firstly formalize the concepts of graph symmetries in terms of “reflectional” and “rotational” automorphisms; and characterize the types of symmetries, which can be displayed simultaneously by a graph layout, in terms of “geometric” automorphism groups. We show that our formalization is complete. Secondly, we provide general theoretical evidence of why spring algorithms can display graph symmetry. Finally, the strength of our general theorem is demonstrated from its application to several existing spring algorithms.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. J. A. Bondy and U. S. R. Murty, Graph theory with application, The Macmilan Press LTD, 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  2. B. Becker and G. Hotz, On the optimal layout of planar graphs with fixed boundary, SIAM J. COMPT. 16(15), 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  3. G. Di Battista, P. Eades and R. Tamassia, Algorithms for drawing graphs: an annotated bibliography, Computational Geometry: Theory and Application, 4, 235–282, 1994.

    Google Scholar 

  4. P. Eades, A heuristic for graph drawing, Congressus Numerantium, 42, 149–160, 1984.

    Google Scholar 

  5. P. Eades and X. Lin, Spring Algorithms and Symmetry, Technical Report, Department of Computer Science, The University of Newcastle, Australia, 1996.

    Google Scholar 

  6. T. Fruchterman and E. Reingold, Graph Drawing by Force-Directed Placement, Software-Practice and Experience, 21, 1129–1164, 1991.

    Google Scholar 

  7. T. Kamada and S. Kawai, An Algorithm for Drawing General Undirected Graphs, Information Processing Letters, 31, 7–15, 1989.

    Google Scholar 

  8. X. Lin, Analysis of Algorithms for Drawing Graphs, PHD thesis, University of Queensland, 1992.

    Google Scholar 

  9. R. Lipton, S. North and J. Sandberg, A Method for Drawing Graphs, Proc. ACM Symp. on Computational Geometry, 153–160, 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  10. J. Manning, Geometric Symmetry in Graphs, PHD thesis, Purdue University, 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  11. G. E. Martin, Transformation Geometry — An Introduction to Symmetry, Springer Verlag, 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  12. F. W. Sears and M. W. Zemansky, University Physics, Addition-Wesley, 1963.

    Google Scholar 

  13. A. E. Taylor, Advanced Calculus, Ginn, 1955.

    Google Scholar 

  14. K. Sugiyama and K. Misue, Graph drawing by the magnetic spring model, Journal of Visual Languages and Computing 6 (3) (1995), 217–232.

    Google Scholar 

  15. D. Tunkelang, A practical approach to drawing undirected graphs, Technical Report, Canegie Mellon University 1994.

    Google Scholar 

  16. W. T. Tutte, How to draw a graph, Proc. London Math. Soc. 13(3), 304–320, 1963.

    Google Scholar 

  17. H. Wielandt, Finite permutation groups, Academic Press Inc., 1964.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Tao Jiang D. T. Lee

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1997 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

Eades, P., Lin, X. (1997). Spring algorithms and symmetry. In: Jiang, T., Lee, D.T. (eds) Computing and Combinatorics. COCOON 1997. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 1276. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0045087

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0045087

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-63357-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-69522-6

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics