Methods and approaches of environmental geology mapping: Meeting the planner's requirement

Abstract

Environmental policies are influenced by a wide range of interests. Sensible planning of land use and decisions on planning applications depend on sound information. Much of this concerns economic, social and environmental issues. Whilst the physical and chemical characteristics of ground materials are relevant to many land uses, there is often a limited appreciation of this amongst planners. Collaboration between earth scientists and planners is needed to ensure that the right information is sought and provided.

Applied earth science mapping is one route towards providing the information. Such studies need to address the right issues and to present the results in the right manner. The results should be concentrated on the information essential for land-use planning. They need to be presented in a clear, concise and easily used form. Relevant basic concepts should be carefully explained and illustrated. Maps are most useful if they show factors directly related to planning policies. These will normally show economically significant earth resources and constraints to development. Maps showing the suitability of land for various uses are particularly valuable. Examples are given for sand and gravel resources and for mined ground.

Important steps in map preparation are selection of the scale and simplification of the key so that it can be used readily by non-geologists. The map scale should be linked to the level of detail required by the land-use planning system. The classification of factors on the map needs careful consideration and should be as straightforward as possible. Maps consisting of small complicated areas of ornament should be avoided.

If a map is very complicated it is likely that either the scale or classification needs amendment.

Results are only useful if they are applied. Dissemination of the results is important. Evaluation of the research and its application is needed for improvement of future mapping exercises. Results are most likely to be used effectively when there is a formal or advisory mechanism for incorporating them in the planning process. Long-term benefits accrue from data-bases if they can be maintained and updated. Direct digital cartography has potential for overcoming the problem of maps becoming rapidly outdated.

Public responses to the applied earth sciences need to be improved so that the significance of applied earth science mapping can be better appreciated.

Five topics are suggested as needing discussion and action.