Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The integration of autonomic system reactions

A discussion of autonomic reflexes, their control and their association with somatic reactions

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Reviews of Physiology Biochemistry and Experimental Pharmacology, Volume 67

Part of the book series: Ergebnisse der Physiologie, biologischen Chemie und experimentellen Pharmakologie ((ERGEBPHYSIOL,volume 67))

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Achari, N. K., Downman, C. B. B.: Autonomic effector responses to stimulation of nucleus fastigius. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 210, 637–650 (1970).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Achari, N. K., Downman, C. B. B., Weber, W. V.: A cardioinhibitory pathway in the brain stem of the cat. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 197, 35P (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  • Adrian, E. D.: Impulses in sympathetic fibres and in slow afferent fibres. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 70, xx–xxi (1930).

    Google Scholar 

  • Adrian, E. D.: Bronk, D. W., Phillips, G.: Discharges in mammalian sympathetic nerves. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 74, 115–133 (1932).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Akert, K., Waser, P. G. (eds.): Mechanisms of synaptic transmission. Progr. brain research, vol. 31, p. 5–139. Amsterdam: Elsevier Publ. Co. 1969.

    Google Scholar 

  • Alderson, A. M., Downman, C. B. B.: Reflex activation of intercostal nerves and trunk muscles by non-myelinated fibres of the splanchnic nerve in rabbits. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 150, 463–478 (1960).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Aleshin, B. V.: The effect of sympathetic impulses on anterior pituitary functions. In: Major problems in neuroendocrinology (eds. E. Bajusz and G. Jasmin), p. 62–81. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins 1964.

    Google Scholar 

  • Alexander, R. S.: The effects of blood flow and anoxia on spinal cardiovascular centers. Amer. J. Physiol. 143, 698–708 (1945).

    Google Scholar 

  • Alexander, R. S.: Tonic and reflex functions of medullary sympathetic cardiovascular centers. J. Neurophysiol. 9, 205–217 (1946).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Alving, B. O.: Spontaneous activity in isolated somata of aplysia pacemaker neurons. J. gen. Physiol. 51, 29–45 (1968).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Alvord, E. C., Fuortes, M. G. F.: A comparison of generalized reflex myoclonic reaction elicitable in cats under chloralose anaesthesia and under strychnine. Amer. J. Physiol. 176, 253–261 (1954).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, F. D., Berry, B. M.: An oscillographic study of the central pathways of the vagus in the cat. J. comp. Neurol. 106, 163–181 (1956).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Anokhin, P. K.: Electroencephalographic analysis of cortico-subcortical relations in positive and negative conditioned reactions. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 92, 899–938 (1961).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Anokhin, P. K.: Biologiia i neirofiziologia uslovnogo refleksa. (Biology and neurophysiology of the conditioned reflex.) Moscow: Meditsina 1968. (Cited by Corson, S. A., et al., 1970.)

    Google Scholar 

  • Anton-Tay, F., Wurtman, R. J.: Brain monoamines and endocrine function. In: Frontiers in neuroendocrinology 1971 (eds. L. Martin and W. F. Ganong), p. 45–66. New York: Oxford Univ. Press 1971.

    Google Scholar 

  • Aviado, D. M., Jr., Schmidt, C. F.: Reflexes from stretch receptors in blood vessels, heart and lungs. Physiol. Rev. 35, 247–300 (1955).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Axelrod, J.: Metabolism of epinephrine and other sympathomimetic amines. Physiol. Rev. 39, 751–776 (1959).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Axelrod, J.: Methylation reactions in the formation and metabolism of catecholamines and other biogenic amines. Pharmacol. Rev. 18, 95–113 (1966).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Axelrod, J.: Noradrenaline: Fate and control of its biosynthesis. Science 173, 598–605 (1971).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Axelrod, J., Kopin, I. J.: The uptake, storage, release and metabolism of noradrenalin in sympathetic nerves. In: Mechanisms of synaptic transmission. Progr. brain research, vol. 31 (eds. K. Akert and P. G. Waser), p. 21–32. Amsterdam: Elsevier Publ. Co. 1969.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bach, L. M. N.: Relationships between bulbar respiratory, vasomotor and somatic facilitatory and inhibitory area. Amer. J. Physiol. 171, 417–435 (1952).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bajusz, E.: Physiology and pathology of adaptation mechanisms. London and New York: Pergamon Press 1969a.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bajusz, E.: The pituitary-adrenocortical system in regulation and adaptive functions. In: Physiology and pathology of adaptive mechanisms (ed. E. Bajusz), p. 89–145. London and New York: Pergamon Press 1969b.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barchas, J. D., Friedman, D. X.: Brain amines: response to physiological stress. Biochem. Pharmacol. 12, 1232–1235 (1963).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bard, P.: A diencephalic mechanism for the expression of rage with special reference to the sympathetic nervous system. Amer. J. Physiol. 84, 490–513 (1928).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bard, P.: Anatomical organization of the central nervous system in relation to control of the heart and blood vessels. Physiol. Rev. 40, Suppl. 4, 3–26 (1960).

    Google Scholar 

  • Batsel, H. L.: Localization of bulbar respiratory center by microelectrode sounding. Exp. Neurol. 9, 410–426 (1964).

    Google Scholar 

  • Baumgarten, R. von, Baumgarten, A. V. U., Schaefer, K. P.: Beitrag zur Lokalisationsfrage bulboreticulärer respiratorischer Neurone der Katze. Pflügers Arch. 264, 217–227 (1957).

    Google Scholar 

  • Beacham, W. S., Kunze, D. L.: Renal receptors evoking a spinal vasomotor reflex. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 201, 73–85 (1969).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Beacham, W. S., Perl, E. R.: Background and reflex discharge of sympathetic preganglionic neurones in the spinal cat. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 172, 400–416 (1964a).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Beacham, W. S., Perl, E. R.: Characteristics of a spinal sympathetic reflex. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 173, 431–448 (1964b).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Beghelli, V., Borgatti, G., Parmeggiani, P. L.: On the role of the dorsal nucleus of the vagus in the reflex activity of the reticulum. Arch. ital. Biol. 101, 365–384 (1963).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bessou, P., Perl, E. R.: A movement receptor of the small intestine. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 182, 404–426 (1966).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Biscoe, T. J., Purves, M. J.: Observations on carotid body chemoreceptor activity and cervical sympathetic discharge in the cat. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 190, 413–424 (1967a).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Biscoe, T. J., Purves, M. J.: Factors affecting the cat carotid chemoreceptors and cervical sympathetic activity with special reference to passive hind limb movements. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 190, 425–441 (1967b).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Biscoe, T. J., Sampson, S. R.: Responses of cells in the brain stem of the cat to stimulation of the sinus, glossopharyngeal, aortic and superior laryngeal nerves. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 209, 359–373 (1970).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Blackman, J. G., Purves, R. D.: Intracellular recordings from ganglia of the thoracic sympathetic chain of the guinea-pig. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 203, 173–198 (1969).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brady, J. V.: Emotional behavior. In: Handbook of physiology. 1. Neurophysiology, vol. III, p. 1529–1552. Washington, D.C.: Amer. Physiol. Soc. 1960.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brodal, A.: Neurological anatomy in relation to clinical medicine, 2nd ed., p. 601. New York: Oxford Univ. Press 1969.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bronk, D. W.: The nervous mechanism of cardiovascular control. Harvey Lect. 29, 245–262 (1933–1934).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bronk, D. W., Ferguson, L. K., Margaria, R., Solandt, D. T.: The activity of the cardiac sympathetic centers. Amer. J. Physiol. 117, 237–249 (1936).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bronk, D. W., Pitts, R. F., Larrabee, M. G.: Role of hypothalamus in cardiovascular regulation. Res. Publ. Ass. nerv. ment. Dis. 20, 323–341 (1940).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bronk, D. W., Stella, G.: Afferent impulses in the carotid sinus nerve. J. cell. comp. Neurol. 1, 113–130 (1932).

    Google Scholar 

  • Brooks, C. McC.: Reflex activation of the sympathetic system in the spinal cat. Amer. J. Physiol. 106, 251–266 (1933).

    Google Scholar 

  • Brooks, C. McC.: The reaction of chronic spinal animals to hemorrhage. Amer. J. Physiol. 114, 30–39 (1935).

    Google Scholar 

  • Brooks, C. McC., Koizumi, K.: The hypothalamus and control of integrative processes. In: Medical physiology (ed. V. B. Mountcastle), 13th ed., St. Louis: C. V. Mosby Co. 1972 (in Press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Brooks, C. McC., Koizumi, K., Malcolm, J. L.: Effects of changes in temperature on reactions of spinal cord. J. Neurophysiol. 18, 205–216 (1955).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Brooks, C. McC., Lu, H. H.: The sinoatrial pacemaker of the heart. Springfield, Illinois: Charles C. Thomas 1972.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, G. L., Pascoe, J. E.: Conduction through the inferior mesenteric ganglion of the rabbit. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 118, 113–123 (1952).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Burn, B. D., Salmoiraghi, G. C.: Repetitive firing of respiratory neurones during their burst activity. J. Neurophysiol. 23, 27–46 (1960).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bykov, K. M.: The cerebral cortex and internal organs. (Transl. W. H. Gantt.) New York: Chemical Publishing 1957.

    Google Scholar 

  • Calaresu, F. R., Pearce, J. W.: Electrical activity of efferent vagal fibres and dorsal nucleus of the vagus during reflex bradycardia in the cat. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 176, 228–240 (1965a).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Calaresu, F. R., Pearce, J. W.: Effects on heart rate of electrical stimulation of medullary vagal structures in the cat. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 176, 241–251 (1965b).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Campbell, H. J.: Pleasure-seeking brains. Smithsonian 2, No. 6, 14–23 (1971).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cannon, P., Raule, W., Schaefer, H.: Zur Physiologie eines sympathischen Ganglions und zur Frage der Vasodilatatoren und des sympathischen Tonus. Pflügers Arch. 260, 116–136 (1954).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cannon, W. B.: The mechanical factors of digestion. New York: Longmans, Green & Co. 1911.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cannon, W. B.: Traumatic shock. New York: D. Appleton & Co. 1923.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cannon, W. B.: Bodily changes in pain, hunger, fear and rage. New York: D. Appleton & Co., 2nd ed. 1929.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cannon, W. B.: The wisdom of the body. New York: W. W. Norton & Co. 1932, revised 1939.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cannon, W. B.: The way of an investigator. New York: Hafner Publ. Co. 1945.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cannon, W. B., Lewis, J. T., Britton, S. W.: Studies on the conditions of activity in endocrine glands. XVII. A lasting preparation of the denervated heart for detecting internal secretion, with evidence for accessory accelerator fibers from the thoracic sympathetic chain. Amer. J. Physiol. 77, 326–352 (1926).

    Google Scholar 

  • Cannon, W. B., Rosenblueth, A.: Autonomic neuro-effector systems. New York: Macmillan Co. 1937.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chang, P.-Y., Hsu, F.-Y.: The localization of the intestinal inhibitory reflex arc. Quart. J. exp. Physiol. 31, 311–318 (1942).

    Google Scholar 

  • Chapman, F., Goodell, H., Wolff, H. G.: Augmentation of the inflammatory reaction by activity of the central nervous system. Arch. Neurol. Psychiat. (Chic.) 1, 557–572 (1959).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chernetski, K. E.: Sympathetic enhancement of peripheral sensory input in the frog. J. Neurophysiol. 27, 493–515 (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, M. I., Gootman, P. M.: Periodicities in efferent discharge of splanchnic nerve of the cat. Amer. J. Physiol. 218, 1092–1101 (1970).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Collin, R., Kaufman, A., Koizumi, K.: Some sympathetic reflexes produced by varying afferent nerve stimulation. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 201, 49P–50P (1969).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Coote, J. H., Downman, C. B. B.: Central pathways of some autonomic reflex discharges. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 183, 714–729 (1966).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Coote, J. H., Downman, C. B. B.: Supraspinal control of reflex activity in renal nerves. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 202, 161–170 (1969).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Coote, J. H., Downman, C. B. B., Weber, W.: Reflex discharges into thoracic white rami elicited by somatic and visceral afferent excitation. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 202, 147–159 (1969).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Coote, J. H., Perez-Gonzalez, J. F.: The response of some sympathetic neurons to volleys in various afferent nerves. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 197, 25P–26P (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  • Coote, J. H., Perez-Gonzalez, J. F.: Response of some sympathetic neurons to volleys in various afferent nerves. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 208, 261–278 (1970).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Coppola, J. A.: Brain catecholamines and gonadotropin secretion. In: Frontiers in neuroendocrinology 1971 (ed. L. Martini and W. F. Ganong), p. 129–144. New York: Oxford Univ. Press 1971.

    Google Scholar 

  • Corson, S. A., Corson, E. O.: Neuroendocrine and behavioral correlates of constitutional differences. Condit. Reflex 4, 265–286 (1969).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Corson, S. A., Corson, E. O., Kirilcuk, V.: Individual differences in respiratory responses of dogs to psychological stress and Anokhins formulation of the functional system as a unit of biological adaptation. Int. J. Psychol. 1, 1–12 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  • Cottle, M. K.: Degeneration studies of primary afferents of IXth and Xth cranial nerves in the cat. J. comp. Neurol. 122, 329–344 (1964).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cragg, B. G., Evans, D. H. L.: Some reflexes mediated by the afferent fibers of the abdominal vagus in the rabbit and cat. Exp. Neurol. 2, 1–12 (1960).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Creed, R. S., Denny-Brown, D., Eccles, J. C., Liddell, E. G. T., Sherrington, C. S.: Reflex activity of the spinal cord. London: Oxford Univ. Press 1932.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dale, H. H.: Adventures in physiology. London: Pergamon Press 1953.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davenport, H. W.: Physiology of the digestive tract, 3rd ed., p. 68–69. Chicago: Year Book Medical Publishers Inc. 1971.

    Google Scholar 

  • Diamond, J.: Observations on the excitation by acetylcholine and by pressure of sensory receptors in the cat’s carotid sinus. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 130, 513–532 (1955).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Di Cara, L. V.: Learning of cardiovascular responses: a review and a description of physiological and biochemical consequences. Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 33, 411–422 (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  • Di Cara, L. V., Braun, J., Pappas, B.: Classical conditioning and instrumental learning of cardiac and gastrointestinal responses following removal of neocortex in rats. J. comp. physiol. Psychol. 76, 208–216 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  • Di Cara, L. V., Miller, N. E.: Instrumental conditioning of systolic blood pressure in rats: Dissociation of cardiac and vascular changes. Psychosom. Med. 30, 489–494 (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  • Dittmar, C.: Ein neuer Beweis für die Reizbarkeit der centripetalen Endfasern des Rückenmarks. Akad. Wiss., Leipzig, math.-phys. Kl. Ber. 22, 18–45 (1870).

    Google Scholar 

  • Djojosugito, A. M., Folkow, B., Kylstra, P. H., Lisander, B., Tuttle, R. S.: Differentiated interaction between the hypothalamic defense reaction and baroreceptor reflexes. I. Effects on heart rate and regional flow resistance. Acta physiol. scand. 78, 376–385 (1970).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dogiel, A. S.: Zwei Arten sympathischer Nervenzellen. Anat. Anz. 11, 679–687 (1896).

    Google Scholar 

  • Doty, R. W.: The role of subcortical structures in conditioned reflexes. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 92, 939–945 (1961).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Dow, R., Moruzzi, G.: Physiology and pathology of cerebellum, p. 290–310. Minneapolis: Univ. of Minnesota Press 1958.

    Google Scholar 

  • Downing, S. E., Siegel, J. H.: Baroreceptor and chemoreceptor influences on sympathetic discharge to the heart. Amer. J. Physiol. 204, 471–479 (1963).

    Google Scholar 

  • Downman, C. B. B.: Skeletal muscle reflexes of splanchnic and intercostal nerve origins in acute spinal and decerebrate cats. J. Neurophysiol. 18, 217–235 (1955).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Downman, C. B. B., Evans, M.: The distribution of splanchnic afferents in the spinal cord of the cat. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 137, 66–79 (1957).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Downman, C. B. B., Hussain, A.: Spinal tracts and supraspinal centres influencing viscero-motor and allied reflexes in cats. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 141, 489–499 (1958).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Downman, C. B. B., McSwiney, B.: Reflexes elicited by visceral stimulation in acute spinal animals. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 105, 80–94 (1946).

    Google Scholar 

  • Duke, H. N., Green, J. H., Heffron, P. F., Stubbens, V. W. J.: Pulmonary chemoreceptors. Quart. J. exp. Physiol. 48, 164–175 (1963).

    Google Scholar 

  • Dussardier, M.: Recherches sur le contrôle bulbaire de la motricité gastrique chez les ruminants. Thesis,Paris 1960. (Cited by Iggo, A., and Leek, B. F., 1967a.)

    Google Scholar 

  • Ead. H. W., Green, J. H., Neil, E.: A comparison of the effects of pulsatile and nonpulsatile blood flow through the carotid sinus on the reflexogenic activity of the sinus baroreceptors in the cat. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 118, 509–519 (1952).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Eccles, J. C.: The neurophysiological basis of mind. Oxford: Clarendon Press 1953.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eccles, J. C.: The physiology of nerve cells. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins Press 1957.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eccles, J. C.: The physiology of synapses. New York: Academic Press. Berlin-Göttingen-Heidelberg: Springer 1964.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eichna, L. W., Mc Quarrie, D. G. (eds.): Central nervous control of circulation. Physiol. Rev. 40, Suppl. 4, 1–311 (1960).

    Google Scholar 

  • Eldred, E., Schnitzlein, H. N., Buchwald, J.: Response of muscle spindles to stimulation of the sympathetic trunk. Exp. Neurol. 2, 13–25 (1960).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Euler, U. S. von: Noradrenaline (arterenol), adrenal medullary hormone and chemical transmitter of adrenergic nerves. Ergebn. Physiol. 46, 261–307 (1950).

    Google Scholar 

  • Euler, U. S. von: Noradrenaline. Springfield, Illinois: Charles C. Thomas 1956.

    Google Scholar 

  • Euler, U. S. von: Autonomic neuroeffector transmission. In: Handbook of physiology. 1. Neurophysiology, vol. I, p. 215–237. Washington, D. C.: Amer. Physiol. Soc. 1959.

    Google Scholar 

  • Euler, U. S. von: Adrenergic neuroeffector transmission. In: The structure and function of the nervous tissue, vol. II (ed. G. H. Bourne), p. 423–462. New York: Academic Press 1969.

    Google Scholar 

  • Euler, U. S. von: Adrenergic neurotransmitter functions. Science 173, 202–206 (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  • Evans, J. P.: Observations on the nerves of supply to the bladder and urethra of the cat, with a study of their action potentials. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 6, 396–414 (1936).

    Google Scholar 

  • Eyzaguirre, C., Lewin, J.: The effect of sympathetic stimulation on carotid nerve activity. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 159, 251–267 (1961).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fedina, L., Katunskii, A. Ya., Khayutin, V. M., Mitsányi, A.: Responses of renal sympathetic nerves to stimulation of afferent A and C fibres of tibial and mesenterial nerves. Acta physiol. Acad. Sci. hung. 29, 157–176 (1966).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Feigl, E. O.: Parasympathetic control of coronary blood flow in dogs. Circulat. Res. 25, 509–519 (1969).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fencl, V., Hejl, Z., Jorka, J., Madlafousek, J., Brod, J.: Changes of blood flow in forearm muscle and skin during acute emotional stress (mental arithmetic). Clin. Sci. 18, 491–498 (1959).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fernandez de Molina, A., Kuno, M., Perl, E. R.: Antidromically evoked responses from sympathetic preganglionic neurones. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 180, 321–335 (1965).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fernandez de Molina, A., Perl, E. R.: Sympathetic activity and the systemic circulation in the spinal cat. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 181, 82–102 (1965).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fields, C.: Instrumental conditioning of the rat cardiac control systems. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 65, 293–299 (1970).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fischer, Th., Raule, W., Seraphin, R.: Über die Spontantätigkeit sympathischer Herznerven in Abhängigkeit von Narkose, Blutdruckänderungen, Atmung und Adrenalin. Pflügers Arch. 262, 72–91 (1955).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Floyd, W. F., Neil, E.: The influence of the sympathetic innervation of the carotid bifurcation on chemoreceptor and baroreceptor activity in the cat. Arch. int. Pharmacodyn. 91, 230–240 (1952).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Folkow, B.: Impulse frequency in sympathetic vasomotor fibres correlated to the release and elimination of the transmitter. Acta physiol. scand. 25, 49–76 (1952).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Folkow, B.: Nervous control of the blood vessels. Physiol. Rev. 35, 629–663 (1955).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Folkow, B.: Range of control of the cardiovascular system by the central nervous system. Physiol. Rev. 40, Suppl. 4, 93–99 (1960).

    Google Scholar 

  • Folkow, B., Heymans, C., Neil, E.: Integrated aspects of cardiovascular regulation. In: Handbook of physiology. 2. Circulation, vol. III, p. 1787–1823. Washington, D.C.: Amer. Physiol. Soc. 1965.

    Google Scholar 

  • Folkow, B., Lisander, B., Tuttle, R. S., Wang, S. C.: Changes in cardiac output upon stimulation of the hypothalamic defense area and the medullary depressor areae in the cat. Acta physiol. scand. 72, 220–233 (1968).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Folkow, B., Neil, E.: Circulation. New York and London: Oxford Univ. Press 1971.

    Google Scholar 

  • Friedman, A. H.: Circumstances influencing Otto Loewi’s discovery of chemical transmission in the nervous system. Pflügers Arch. 325, 85–86 (1971).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fussey, I., Kidd, C., Whitman, J. G.: Evoked activity in efferent sympathetic nerves in response to peripheral nerve stimulation in the dog. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 200, 77P–78P (1969).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ganong, W. F.: Medical physiology, 5th ed. Los Altos, California: Lange Medical Publications 1971.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gantt, W. H.: Principles of nervous breakdown, schizokinesis and autokinesis. Ann. N. Y. Akad. Sci. 56, 143–181 (1953).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gantt, W. H.: Introductory remarks. Part V. Psychopharmacology. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 92, 1073–1076 (1961).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gebber, G. L., Beck, L.: Reflex inhibition of sympathetic vasoconstrictor activity at a peripheral locus. Circulat. Res. 18, 714–728 (1966).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gellhorn, E.: Factors modifying conditioned reactions and their relation to the autonomic nervous system. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 56, 200–213 (1953).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gellhorn, E.: Emotions and emotional disorders; a neurophysiological study. New York: Hoeber Med. Div. Harper & Row 1963.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gellhorn, E.: Principles of autonomic-somatic integrations; physiological basis and psychological and clinical implications. Minneapolis: Univ. of Minnesota Press 1967.

    Google Scholar 

  • Green, J. H.: Cardiac vagal efferent activity in the cat. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 149, 47–49 (1959).

    Google Scholar 

  • Green, J. H., Heffron, P. F.: Relationship between baroreceptor and sympathetic activity (in cats). Quart. J. exp. Physiol. 53, 23–32 (1968).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Groat, W. C., de, Ryall, R. W.: An excitatory action of 5-hydroxytryptamine on sympathetic preganglionic neurones. Exp. Brain Res. 3, 299–305 (1967).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Groat, W. C., de, Ryall, R. W.: The identification and characteristics of sacral parasympathetic preganglionic neurones. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 196, 563–578 (1968a).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Groat, W. C., de, Ryall, R. W.: Recurrent inhibition in sacral parasympathetic pathways to the bladder. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 196, 579–592 (1968b).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Groat, W. C., de, Ryall, R. W.: Reflexes to sacral parasympathetic neurones concerned with micturition in the cat. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 200, 87–108 (1969).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gruber, C. M.: The response of the vasomotor mechanism to different rates of stimuli. Amer. J. Physiol. 42, 214–227 (1917).

    Google Scholar 

  • Gunn, C. G., Sevelius, G., Puiggari, M. J., Meyers, F. K.: Vagal cardiomotor mechanisms in the hindbrain of the dog and cat. Amer. J. Physiol. 214, 258–262 (1968).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Haber, E., Kahn, S. H., Ngai, S. H., Holiday, D. A., Wang, S. C.: Lokalization of spontaneous respiratory neuronal activities in the medulla oblongate of the cat. A new location of the expiratory center. Amer. J. Physiol. 190, 350–355 (1957).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hagbarth, K.-E., Vallbo, A. B.: Pulse and respiratory grouping of sympathetic impulses in human muscle nerves. Acta physiol. scand. 74, 96–108 (1968).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hakumäki, M. O. K.: Function of the left atrial receptors. Acta physiol. scand. 79, Suppl. 344, 1–54 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  • Haymaker, W., Anderson, E., Nauta, J. H. (eds.): The hypothalamus. Springfield, Illinois: Charles C. Thomas 1969.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hellner, K. U., Baumgarten, R. von: Über ein Endigungsgebiet afferenter, kardiovaskulärer Fasern des Nervus vagus im Rautenhirn der Katze. Pflügers Arch. 273, 223–243 (1961).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hess, W. R.: Die Regulierung des Blutkreislaufs. Leipzig: Thieme 1930.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hess, W. R.: Der Schlaf. Klin. Wschr. 12, 129–134 (1933).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hess, W. R.: Die funktionelle Organisation des vegetativen Nervensystems. Basel: Benno Schwabe 1948.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hess, W. R.: Das Zwischenhirn. Basel: Benno Schwabe 1949.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hess, W. R.: Diencephalon. Autonomic and extrapyramidal functions. New York: Grune & Stratton 1954.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hess, W. R.: The functional organization of the diencephalon (ed. J. R. Hughes). New York: Grune & Stratton 1957.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hess, W. R.: The biology of mind. Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press 1964.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hess, W. R.: Hypothalamus and thalamus. Experimental documentation, 2nd ed. Stuttgart: Thieme 1969.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heymans, C., Neil, E.: Reflexogenic areas of the cardiovascular system. London: Churchill 1958.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hillarp, N.-A.: Peripheral autonomic mechanisms. In: Handbook of physiology. 1. Neurophysiology, vol. II, p. 979–1006. Washington, D.C.: Amer. Physiol. Soc. 1960.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hilton, S. M.: Experiments on post-contraction hyperaemia of skeletal muscle. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 20, 230–245 (1953).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoff, E. C., Kell, J. F., Carroll, M. N.: Effects of cortical stimulation and lesions on cardiovascular function. Physiol. Rev. 43, 68–114 (1963).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hongo, T., Ryall, R.: Electrophysiological and microelectrophoretic studies on sympathetic preganglionic neurones in spinal cord. Acta physiol. scand. 68, 96–104 (1966).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Horeyseck, G., Jänig, W.: Activation and inhibition of vasoconstrictors in skin and muscle nerves upon stimulation of skin receptors. Proc. Int. Union. Physiol. Sci. 9, 260 (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  • Horeyseck, G., Jänig, W.: Response patterns in vasoconstrictors to the skin and muscle upon stimulation of skin receptors in chronic spinal cats. Pflügers Arch. 332, R64 (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  • Horeyseck, G., Jänig, W., Kirchner, F., Thämer, V.: Electrophysiological studies on the hind limb vasodilators on anesthetized cats. Pflügers Arch. 332, R64 (1972).

    Google Scholar 

  • Humphrey, D. R.: Neuronal activity in the medulla oblongata of the cat evoked by stimulation of the carotid sinus nerve. In: Baroreceptors and hypertension (ed. R. Kedzi), p. 131–168. Oxford: Pergamon Press 1967.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hunt, C. C.: The effect of sympathetic stimulation on mammalian muscle spindles. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 151, 332–341 (1960).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hunt, R.: The fall of blood-pressure resulting from the stimulation of afferent nerves. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 18, 381–410 (1895).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Iggo, A., Leek, B. F.: An electrophysiological study of single vagal efferent units associated with gastric movements in sheep. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 191, 177–204 (1967a).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Iggo, A., Leek, B. F.: An electrophysiological study of some reticulo-ruminal and abomasal reflexes in sheep. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 193, 95–119 (1967b).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Iggo, A., Vogt, M.: Preganglionic sympathetic activity in normal and reserpine-treated cats. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 150, 114–133 (1960).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ingram, W. R.: Central autonomic mechanisms. In: Handbook of physiology. 1. Neurophysiology, vol. II, p. 951–978. Washington, D. C.: Amer. Physiol. Soc. 1960.

    Google Scholar 

  • Iriki, M., Pleschka, K., Walther, O.-E., Simon, E.: Hypoxia and hypercapnia in asphyctic differentiation of regional sympathetic activity in the anesthetized rabbit. Pflügers Arch. 238, 91–102 (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  • Iriuchijima, J.: Diencephalic cardiovascular control in toads. Jap. J. Physiol. 13, 333–350 (1963).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Iriuchijima, J., Kumada, M.: Efferent cardiac vagal discharge of the dog in response to electrical stimulation of sensory nerves. Jap. J. Physiol. 13, 599–604 (1963).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Iriuchijima, J., Kumada, M.: Activity of single vagal fibers efferent to the heart. Jap. J. Physiol. 14, 479–487 (1964).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Iriuchijima, J., Kumada, M.: The neural mechanism of respiratory arrhythmia. XXIII. Int. Congr. Physiol. Sci., p. 118 (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  • Iwamura, Y., Uchino, Y., Ozawa, S., Kudo, N.: Excitatory and inhibitory components of somato-sympathetic reflex. Brain Res. 16, 351–358 (1969).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jacobowitz, D.: Catecholamine fluorescence studies of adrenergic neurons and chromaffin cells in sympathetic ganglia. Fed. Proc. 29, 1929–1944 (1970).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jänig, W., Sato, A., Schmidt, R. F.: Reflexes in postganglionic cutaneous fibres by stimulation of group I to group IV somatic afferents. Pflügers Arch. 331, 244–256 (1972).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jänig, W., Schmidt, R. F.: Single unit responses in the cervical sympathetic trunk upon somatic nerve stimulation. Pflügers Arch. 314, 199–216 (1970).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jänig, W., Weller, E.: Postganglionäre sympathische Fasern in Hautnerven der Katze. Pflügers Arch. 312, R109 (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  • Jänig, W., Weller, E.: Postganglionic fibres in skin nerves and their reflex by somatic afferents. Brain Res. (1972) (Submitted).

    Google Scholar 

  • Jewett, D. L.: Activity of single efferent fibres in the cervical vagus nerve of the dog, with special reference to possible cardioinhibitory fibres. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 175, 321–357 (1964).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Job, C., Lundberg, A.: Reflex excitation of cells in the inferior mesenteric ganglion on stimulation of the hypogastric nerve. Acta physiol. scand. 26, 366–382 (1952).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Johansson, B.: Circulatory responses to stimulation of somatic afferents. Acta physiol. scand. 57, Suppl. 198, 1–91 (1962).

    Google Scholar 

  • Johansson, B., Langston, J. B.: Reflex influence of mesenteric afferents on renal, intestinal and muscle blood flow and on intestinal motility. Acta physiol. scand. 61, 400–412 (1964).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kaada, B. R.: Somato-motor, autonomic and electrocorticographic responses to electrical stimulation of “rhinencephalic” and other structures in primates, cat and dog. Acta physiol. scand. 24, Suppl. 83, 1–285 (1951).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kaada, B. R.: Cingulate, posterior orbital, anterior insular and temporal pole cortex. In: Handbook of physiology. 1. Neurophysiology, vol. II, p. 1345–1372. Washington, D. C.: Amer. Physiol. Soc. 1960.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kahn, N., Mills, E.: Centrally evoked sympathetic discharge: a functional study of medullary vasomotor areas. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 191, 337–350 (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  • Katona, P. G., Poitras, J. W., Barnett, G. O., Terry, B. S.: Cardiac vagal efferent activity and heart period in the carotid sinus reflex. Amer. J. Physiol. 218, 1030–1037 (1970).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Katunsky, A. Ya., Khayutin, V. M.: Reflex latency and level of mediation of spinal afferent impulses to cardiovascular sympathetic neurons. Pflügers Arch. 298, 294–304 (1968).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kaufman, A., Koizumi, K.: Spontaneous and reflex activity of single units in lumbar white rami. In: Research in physiology. A Liber memorialis in honor of Professor Chandler McC. Brooks (eds. F. F. Kao, M. Vassalle and K. Koizumi), p. 469–481. Bologna: Aulo Gaggi 1971.

    Google Scholar 

  • Khayutin, V. M.: Alteration of vasomotor reflexes produced by tibial nerve stimulation in decerebrated or anesthetized cats. Acta physiol. Acad. Sci. hung. 29, 145–156 (1966).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Khayutin, V. M., Lokoshkova, E. V.: Spinal mediation of vasomotor reflexes in animals with intact brain studied by electrophysiological methods. Pflügers Arch. 321, 197–222 (1970).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kirchheim, H., Gross, R.: Das Verhalten der Nierendurchblutung und des Nierenumfangs bei Blutdruck-Steigerungen durch doppelseitigen Carotisverschluß oder Schrittmachertachykardie. Pflügers Arch. 320, 79–96 (1970).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kirchner, F., Sato, A., Weidinger, H.: Central pathways of reflex discharges in the cervical sympathetic trunk. Pflügers Arch. 319, 1–11 (1970).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kirchner, F., Sato, A., Weidinger, H.: Bulbar inhibition of spinal and supraspinal sympathetic reflex discharges. Pflügers Arch. 326, 324–333 (1971).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kline, N. S. (ed.): Pavlovian conference on higher nervous activity. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 92, 813–1198 (1961).

    Google Scholar 

  • Koepchen, H. P., Seller, H., Polster, J. U., Wagner, P. H.: Neuronale Aktivität im unteren Hirnstamm mit Beziehung zum Kreislauf. Pflügers Arch. 294, 40–64 (1967).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Koepchen, H. P., Wagner, P. H., Lux, H. D.: Über die Zusammenhänge zwischen zentraler Erregbarkeit, reflektorischem Tonus und Atemrhythmus bei der nervösen Steuerung der Herzfrequenz. Pflügers Arch. 273, 443–465 (1961).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Koizumi, K., Brooks, C. McC.: The autonomic nervous system and its role in controlling visceral activities. In: Medical physiology (ed. V. B. Mountcastle), 13th ed., St. Louis: C. V. Mosby Co. 1972 (in Press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Koizumi, K., Brooks, C. McC., Ushiyama, J.: Hypothermia and reaction patterns of the nervous system. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 80, 449–456 (1959).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Koizumi, K., Collin, R., Kaufman, A., Brooks, C. McC.: Contribution of unmyelinated afferent excitation to sympathetic reflexes. Brain Res. 20, 99–106 (1970).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Koizumi, K., Sato, A.: Influence of sympathetic innervation on carotid sinus baroreceptor activity. Amer. J. Physiol. 216, 321–329 (1969).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Koizumi, K., Sato, A.: Activity of single sympathetic postganglionic nerve innervating muscle. Physiologist 14, 173 (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  • Koizumi, K., Sato, A.: Reflex activity of single sympathetic fibres to skeletal muscle produced by electrical stimulation of somatic and vago-depressor afferent nerves in the cat. Pflügers Arch. 332, 283–301 (1972).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Koizumi, K., Sato, A., Kaufman, A., Brooks, C. McC.: Studies of sympathetic neuron discharges modified by central and peripheral excitation. Brain Res. 11, 212–224 (1968).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Koizumi, K., Seller, H., Kaufman, A., Brooks, C. McC.: Pattern of sympathetic discharges and their relation to baroreceptor and respiratory activities. Brain Res. 27, 281–294 (1971a).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Koizumi, K., Seller, H., Kaufman, A., Brooks, C. McC.: Which areas in the brainstem are involved in somatosympathetic reflex? Proc. Int. Union Physiol. Sci. 9, 314 (1971b).

    Google Scholar 

  • Koizumi, K., Suda, I.: Induced modulations in autonomic efferent neuron activity. Amer. J. Physiol. 205, 738–744 (1963).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Koizumi, K., Ushiyama, J., Brooks, C. McC.: Effect of hypothermia on excitability of spinal neurons. J. Neurophysiol. 23, 421–431 (1960).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Korner, P. I.: Integrative neural cardiovascular control. Physiol. Rev. 51, 312–367 (1971).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kuntz, A.: The structural organization of the celiac ganglia. J. comp. Neurol. 69, 1–12 (1938).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuntz, A.: The structural organization of the inferior mesenteric ganglia. J. comp. Neurol. 72, 371–382 (1940).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kunze, D. L.: Reflex discharge patterns of cardiac vagal efferent fibers. Doctoral Thesis, University of Utah, Dept. of Physiology, June 1970. Now published in J. Physiol. 222, 1–16 (1972).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kylstra, P. H., Lisander, B.: Differentiated interaction between the hypothalamic defense area and baroreceptor reflexes. II. Effects on aortic blood flow as related to work load on the left ventricle. Acta physiol. scand. 78, 386–392 (1970).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Langley, J. N.: On axon-reflexes in the pre-ganglionic fibres of the sympathetic system. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 25, 364–398 (1900).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Langley, J. N., Anderson, H. K.: On reflex action from sympathetic ganglia. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 16, 410–440 (1894).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Laporte, Y., Bessou, P., Bouisset, S.: Action réflexe des différents types de fibres afferentes d’origin musculaíre sur la pression sanguine. Arch. ital. Biol. 98, 206–221 (1960).

    Google Scholar 

  • Laporte, Y., Montastruc, P.: Rôle des différents types de fibres afférentes dans les reflexes circulatoires géneraux d’origine cutanée. J. Physiol. (Paris) 49, 1039–1049 (1957).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lewis, T.: The blood vessels of the human skin and their responses. London: Shaw & Sons Ltd. 1927.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lewis, T., Harris, K. E., Grant, R. T.: Observations relating to the influence of the cutaneous nerves on various reactions of the cutaneous vessels. Heart 14, 1–15 (1927).

    Google Scholar 

  • Lisander, B.: Factors influencing the autonomic component of the defense reaction. Acta physiol. scand. 80, Suppl. 351, 5–42 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  • Lloyd, D. P. C.: Mediation of descending long spinal reflex activity. J. Neurophysiol. 5, 435–458 (1942).

    Google Scholar 

  • Loewenstein, W. R.: Modulation of cutaneous mechano-receptors by sympathetic stimulation. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 132, 40–60 (1956).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Loewenstein, W. R., Altamirano-Orrego, R.: Enhancement of activity in a pacinian corpuscle by sympathomimetic agents. Nature (Lond.) 178, 1292–1293 (1956).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Loewi, O.: Über humorale Übertragbarkeit der Herznervenwirkung. I. Mitteilung. Pflügers Arch. 189, 239–242 (1921). II. Mitteilung. Pflügers Arch. 193, 201–213 (1921).

    Google Scholar 

  • Loewi, O.: An autobiographic sketch. Perspect. Biol. Med. 4, 3–25 (1960).

    Google Scholar 

  • McDowall, R. J. S.: The control of the circulation of the blood, vol. 1. London: Dawson 1956a.

    Google Scholar 

  • McDowall, R. J. S.: The control of the circulation of the blood, vol. 2. London: Dawson 1956b.

    Google Scholar 

  • McLennan, H., Pascoe, J. E.: The origin of certain non-medullated nerve fibres which form synapses in the inferior mesenteric ganglion of the rabbit. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 124, 145–156 (1954).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • MacLean, P. D.: Psychosomatics. In: Handbook of physiology. 1. Neurophysiology, vol. III, p. 1723–1744. Washington, D. C.: Amer. Physiol. Soc. 1960.

    Google Scholar 

  • MacLean, P. D.: The hypothalamus and emotional behavior. In: The hypothalamus (eds. W. Haymaker, E. Anderson, and W. J. H. Nauta), p. 659–678. Springfield, Illinois: Charles C. Thomas 1969.

    Google Scholar 

  • MacLean, P. D.: The triune brain, emotion and scientific bias. In: The neurosciences (ed. F. O. Schmitt), p. 336–349. New York: The Rockefeller Univ. Press 1970.

    Google Scholar 

  • Malliani, A., Pagani, M., Recordati, G., Schwartz, P. J.: Spinal sympathetic reflexes elicited by increases in arterial blood pressure. Amer. J. Physiol. 220, 128–134 (1971).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Manchanda, S. K.: Central nervous control of cardiac activity (Part I and II). Indian J. Physiol. Pharmacol., Part I 14, 111–119 and Part II 14, 211–230 (1970).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marguth, H., Raule, W., Schaefer, H.: Aktionsströme in zentrifugalen Herznerven. Pflügers Arch. 254, 224–245 (1951).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Martini, L., Motta, M., Fraschini, F. (eds.): The hypothalamus. New York: Academic Press 1970.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mendell, L. M.: Physiological properties of unmyelinated fibre projection to spinal cord. Exp. Neurol. 16, 316–322 (1966).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Millar, R. A., Biscoe, T. J.: Pregnaglionic sympathetic activity and the effect of anaesthetics. Brit. J. Anaesth. 37, 804–832 (1965).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miller, N. E.: Memory and learning. Proc. Amer. phil. Soc. 111, 315–325 (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller, N. E.: Learning of visceral and glandular responses. Science 163, 434–445 (1969).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mills, E., Sampson, S. R.: Respiratory responses to electrical stimulation of the cervical sympathetic nerves in decerebrate unanesthetized cats. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 202, 271–282 (1969).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miner, R. W. (ed.): Comparative conditioned neuroses. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 56, 141–380 (1953).

    Google Scholar 

  • Mitchell, G. A. G., Warwick, R.: The dorsal vagal nucleus. Acta anat. (Basel) 25, 371–393 (1955).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miura, M., Reis, D. J.: A blood pressure response from fastigial nucleus and its relay pathway in brain stem. Amer. J. Physiol. 219, 1330–1336 (1970).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miura, M., Reis, D. J.: The paramedian reticular nucleus: a site of inhibitory interaction between projections from fastigial nucleus and carotid sinus nerve acting on blood pressure. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 216, 441–460 (1971).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Miyamoto, J., Alanis, J.: Reflex sympathetic responses produced by activation of vibrational receptors. Jap. J. Physiol. 20, 725–740 (1970).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Monnier, M.: Les centres végétatifs bulbaires. Arch. int. Physiol. 44, 455–463 (1939).

    Google Scholar 

  • Monnier, M.: Functions of the nervous system. General physiology — autonomic functions (Neurohumoral regulations), vol. I, p. 91–671. Amsterdam-London-New York: Elsevier Publ. Co. 1968.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morest, K.: Experimental study of the projections of the nucleus of the tractus solitarius and the area postrema in the cat. J. comp. Neurol. 130, 277–300 (1967).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Morrison, A. R., Habel, R. E.: A quantitative study of the distribution of vagal nerve endings in the myenteric plexus of the ruminant stomach. J. comp. Neurol. 122, 297–309 (1964).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Moruzzi, G.: The cerebellar influence in the autonomic sphere. In: Cerebellar physiology. Springfield, Illinois: Charles C. Thomas 1950.

    Google Scholar 

  • Niijima, A., Winter, D. L.: Baroreceptors in the adrenal gland. Science 159, 434–435 (1968a).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Niijima, A., Winter, D. L.: The effect of catecholamines on unit activity in afferent nerves from the adrenal glands. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 195, 647–656 (1968b).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Öberg, B., White, S.: Circulatory effects of interruption and stimulation of cardiac vagal afferents. Acta physiol. scand. 80, 383–394 (1970).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Oberholzer, R. J. H.: Circulatory centers in medulla and midbrain. Physiol. Rev. 40, Suppl. 4, 179–195 (1960).

    Google Scholar 

  • Okada, H., Nakao, O., Nisida, Z.: Effect of sciatic stimulation upon the efferent impulses in the long ciliary nerve of the cat. Jap. J. Physiol. 10, 327–339 (1960).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Okada, H., Okamoto, K., Nisida, I.: The activity of the cardioregulatory and abdominal sympathetic nerves of the cat in the Bainbridge reflex. Jap. J. Physiol. 11, 520–529 (1961).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Olds, J.: Self-stimulation experiments and differentiated reward systems. In: Reticular formation of the brain (eds. H. Jasper et al.). Boston: Little Brown & Co. 1958.

    Google Scholar 

  • Olds, J.: Hypothalamic substrates of reward. Physiol. Rev. 42, 554–604 (1962).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Owsjannikow, P.: Die tonischen und reflectorischen Centren der Gefäßnerven. Berichte Akad. Wiss., Leipzig, math.-phys. Kl. 23, 135–147 (1871).

    Google Scholar 

  • Peiss, C. N.: Concepts of cardiovascular regulation: past, present and future. In: Nervous control of the heart (ed. W. C. Randal), p. 154–197. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins 1965.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pitts, R. F., Bronk, D. W.: Excitability cycle of the hypothalamus-sympathetic neurone system. Amer. J. Physiol. 135, 504–522 (1942).

    Google Scholar 

  • Pitts, R. F., Larrabee, M. G., Bronk, D. W.: An analysis of hypothalamic cardiovascular control. Amer. J. Physiol. 134, 359–383 (1941).

    Google Scholar 

  • Polosa, C.: Silent period of sympathetic preganglionic neurons. Canad. J. Physiol. Pharmac. 45, 1033–1045 (1967).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Polosa, C.: Spontaneous activity of sympathetic preganglionic neurons. Canad. J. Physiol. Pharmac. 46, 887–897 (1968).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Porter, R.: Unit responses evoked in the medulla oblongata by vagus nerve stimulation. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 168, 717–735 (1963).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Przybyla, A. C., Wang, S. C.: Neurophysiological characteristics of cardiovascular neurons in the medulla oblongata of the cat. J. Neurophysiol. 30, 645–660 (1967).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Purves, M. J., Biscoe, T. J.: Cervical sympathetic activity and the sensitivity of the carotid body chemoreceptors. In: Arterial chemoreceptors (ed. R. W. Torrance), p. 325–332. Oxford and Edinburgh: Blackwell 1968.

    Google Scholar 

  • Quay, W. B.: The role of the pineal gland in environmental adaptation. In: Physiology and pathology of adaptation mechanisms (ed. E. Bajusz), p. 508–550. London and New York: Pergamon Press 1969.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ramey, E. R., Goldstein, M. S.: The adrenal cortex and the sympathetic nervous system. Physiol. Rev. 37, 155–195 (1957).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Randall, W. C. (ed.): Nervous control of the heart. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins 1965.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ranson, S. W., Billingsley, P. R.: Vasomotor reactions from stimulation of the floor of the fourth ventricle. Studies in vasomotor reflex arcs. III. Amer. J. Physiol. 41, 85–90 (1916).

    Google Scholar 

  • Rushmore, R. F., Smith, O. A.: Cardiac control. Physiol. Rev. 39, 41–68 (1959).

    Google Scholar 

  • Sahs, A. L., Fulton, J. F.: Somatic and autonomic reflexes in spinal monkeys. J. Neurophysiol. 3, 258–268 (1940).

    Google Scholar 

  • Salmoiraghi, G. C.: “Cardiovascular” neurones in brain stem of cat. J. Neurophysiol. 25, 182–197 (1962).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Salmoiraghi, G. C., Weight, F. F.: Norepinephrine and inhibition in the mammalian central nervous system. In: Structure and function of inhibitory. neuronal mechanisms (eds. C. von Euler, S. Skoglund, and U. Soderberg), p. 459–467. London and New York: Pergamon Press 1958.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sampson, S. R., Mills, E.: Effects of sympathetic stimulation on discharges of carotid sinus baroreceptors. Amer. J. Physiol. 218, 1650–1653 (1970).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sato, A.: The spinal and supraspinal somato-sympathetic reflexes. In: Research in physiology. A Liber memorialis in honor of Professor Chandler McC. Brooks (eds. F. F. Kao, M. Vassalle and K. Koizumi), p. 507–516. Bologna: Aulo Gaggi 1971.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sato, A.: Somato sympathetic reflex discharges evoked through supra medullary pathways. Pflügers Arch. 332, 117–126 (1972a).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sato, A.: The relative involvement of different reflex pathways in somato-sympathetic reflexes, analyzed in spontaneously active single preganglionic sympathetic units. Pflügers Arch. 333, 70–81 (1972b).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sato, A., Kaufman, A., Koizumi, K., Brooks, C. McC., Afferent nerve groups and sympathetic reflex pathways. Brain Res. 14, 575–587 (1969).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sato, A., Sato, N., Ozawa, T., Fujimori, B.: Further observation of the reflex potential in the lumbar sympathetic trunk. Jap. J. Physiol. 17, 294–307 (1967).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sato, A., Schmidt, R. F.: Spinal and supraspinal components of the reflex discharges into lumbar and thoracic white rami. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 212, 839–850 (1971a).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sato, A., Schmidt, R. F.: Ganglionic transmission of somatically induced sympathetic reflexes. Pflügers Arch. 326, 240–253 (1971b).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sato, A., Tsushima, N., Fujimori, B.: Reflex potentials of lumbar sympathetic trunk with sciatic nerve stimulation in cats. Jap. J. Physiol. 15, 532–539 (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  • Schaefer, H.: Central control of cardiac function. Physiol. Rev. 40, Suppl. 4, 213–231 (1960).

    Google Scholar 

  • Schaefer, H.: Psychosomatic problems of vegetative regulatory functions. In: Brain and conscious experience (ed. J. C. Eccles), p. 522–535. New York: Springer 1966.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schild, H. O.: Henry Hallet Dale, 1875–1968. Ergebn. Physiol. 63, 1–19 (1971).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schmidt, R. F., Schönfuss, K.: An analysis of the reflex activity in the cervical sympathetic trunk induced by myelinated somatic afferents. Pflügers Arch. 314, 175–198 (1970).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schmidt, R. F., Weller, E.: Reflex activity in the cervical and lumbar sympathetic trunk induced by unmyelinated somatic afferents. Brain Res. 24, 207–218 (1970).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schwartz, G. E., Higgins, J. D.: Cardiac activity preparatory to overt and covert behavior. Science 173, 1144–1146 (1971).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sell, R., Erdélyi, A., Schaefer, H.: Untersuchungen über den Einfluß peripherer Nervenreizung auf die sympathische Aktivität. Pflügers Arch. 267, 566–581 (1958).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Seller, H., Illert, M.: The localization of the first synapse in the carotid sinus baroreceptor reflex pathway and its alteration of the afferent input. Pflügers Arch. 306, 1–19 (1969).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Seller, H., Langhorst, P., Richter, D., Koepchen, H. P.: Über die Abhängigkeit der pressoreceptorischen Hemmung des Sympathicus von der Vasomotorik. Pflügers Arch. 302, 310–314 (1968).

    Google Scholar 

  • Sherrington, C.: The integrative action of the nervous system. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons 1906; 2nd ed.: New Haven: Yale Univ. Press 1947.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shimamura, M., Akert, K.: Peripheral nervous relations of propriospinal and spinobulbo-spinal reflex systems. Jap. J. Physiol. 15, 638–647 (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  • Shimamura, M., Aoki, M.: Effects of spino-bulbo-spinal reflex volleys on flexor motoneurons of hindlimb in the cat. Brain Res. 16, 333–349 (1969).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shimamura, M., Livingston, R. B.: Longitudinal conduction systems serving spinal cord and brain stem coordination. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 26, 258–272 (1962).

    Google Scholar 

  • Shimamura, M., Mori, S., Yamauchi, T.: Effects of spino-bulbo-spinal reflex volleys on extensor motoneurons of hindlimb in cats. J. Neurophysiol. 30, 319–332 (1967a).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shimamura, M., Mori, S., Yamauchi, T.: Interactions of spino-bulbo-spinal reflexes with cortically evoked pyramidal and extrapyramidal activities. Brain Res. 4, 93–102 (1967b).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sirota, M. G., Sirota, T. J., Shik, M. L.: The circulation during evoked locomotion of the mesencephalic cat. Bull. exp. Biol. 2, 3–6 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  • Slaughter, J. S., Hahn, W. W., Rinoldi, P.: Instrumental conditioning of heart rate in the curarized rat with varied amounts of pretreating. J. comp. physiol. Psychol. 72, 356–359 (1970).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, R. E., Pearce, J. W.: Microelectrode recording from the region of the nucleus solitarius in the cat. Canad. J. Biochem. 39, 933–939 (1961).

    Google Scholar 

  • Stark, P., Boyd, E. S., Fuller, R. W.: A possible role of serotonin in hypothalamic self-stimulation in dogs. J. Pharmacol. exp. Ther. 146, 147–153 (1964).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ström, G.: Visceral functions of the nervous system. Ann. Rev. Physiol. 23, 419–450 (1961).

    Google Scholar 

  • Suda, I., Koizumi, K., Brooks, C. McC.: Analysis of effects of hypothermia on central nervous system responses. Amer. J. Physiol. 189, 373–380 (1957).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Symposium of FASEB: Sympathetic ganglia: Biochemistry, physiology and pharmacology. Fed. Proc. 29, 1913–1971 (1970).

    Google Scholar 

  • Trendelenburg, U.: Some aspects of the pharmacology of autonomic ganglion cells. Ergebn. Physiol. 59, 1–85 (1967).

    Google Scholar 

  • Tucker, D., Beidler, L. M.: Autonomic nervous system influence on olfactory receptors. Amer. J. Physiol. 187, 637 (1956).

    Google Scholar 

  • Uvnäs, B.: Central cardiovascular control. In: Handbook of physiology. 1. Neurophysiology, vol. II, p. 1131–1162. Washington, D. C.: Physiol. Soc. 1960a.

    Google Scholar 

  • Uvnäs, B.: Sympathetic vasodilator system and blood flow. Physiol. Rev. 40, Suppl. 4, 69–76 (1960b).

    Google Scholar 

  • Vogt, M.: The concentration of sympathin in different parts of the central nervous system under normal conditions and after the administration of drugs. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 123, 451–481 (1954).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Volkman, P. H., Heller, A.: Pineal N-acetyltransferase activity: effect of sympathetic stimulation. Science 173, 839–840 (1971).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wallin, B. G., Hagbarth, K.-E., Hongell, A., Delius, W.: Sympathetic activity in human skin and muscle nerves. Proc. Int. Union Physiol. Sci. 9, 594 (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang, G. H.: The neural control of sweating. Madison: Univ. of Wisconsin Press 1964.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang, S. C., Chai, C. Y.: Central control of baroreceptor reflex mechanism. In: Baroreceptors and hypertension (ed. R. Kedzi), p. 117–130. New York: Pergamon Press 1967.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang, S. C., Ranson, S. W.: Autonomic responses to electrical stimulation of the lower brain stem. J. comp. Neurol. 71, 437–455 (1939).

    Google Scholar 

  • Weidinger, H., Fedina, L., Kehrel, H.: Der Einfluß von Adrenalin auf die Tätigkeit des „Sympathicus“. Pflügers Arch. 278, 229–240 (1963).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weidinger, H., Fedina, L., Kehrel, H. Schaefer, H.: Über die Lokalisation des „bulbären. sympathischen Zentrums“ und seine Beeinflussung durch Atmung und Blutdruck. Z. Kreisl.-Forsch. 50, 229–241 (1961).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weidinger, H., Hetzel, R., Schaefer, H.: Aktionsströme in zentrifugalen vagalen Herznerven und deren Bedeutung für den Kreislauf. Pflügers Arch. 276, 262–279 (1962).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Weidinger, H., Leschhorn, V.: Sympathische Tonisierung und rhythmische Blutdruckschwankungen. Z. Kreisl.-Forsch. 53, 985–1002 (1964).

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Woodworth, R. S., Sherrington, C. S.: A pseudaffective reflex and its spinal path. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 31, 234–243 (1904).

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wurtman, R. J. (ed.): Brain monoamines and endocrine function. Neuroscience research program bulletin, vol. 9, no. 2, 1971.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wurtman, R. J., Axelrod, J., Kelly, D. E.: The pineal. New York: Academic Press 1968.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physiology, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York

    Chandler McC. Brooks

Authors
  1. Kiyomi Koizumi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Chandler McC. Brooks
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1972 Springer-Verlag

About this paper

Cite this paper

Koizumi, K., Brooks, C.M. (1972). The integration of autonomic system reactions. In: Reviews of Physiology Biochemistry and Experimental Pharmacology, Volume 67. Ergebnisse der Physiologie, biologischen Chemie und experimentellen Pharmakologie, vol 67. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0036327

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0036327

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-05959-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-37617-0

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation