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Tetanus neurotoxin

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Reviews of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Volume 93

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Abbreviations

CNS:

Central nervous system

EPSP:

Excitatory postsynaptic potential

IPSP:

Inhibitory postsynaptic potential

IU:

International unit for tetanus antitoxin. The IU is equivalent to 0.03384 mg of the Second International Standard for Tetanus Antitoxin (Spaun and Lyng 1970)

L+:

The L+ (or L+1/10 etc.) defines an amount of toxin or

(L+1/10 etc.):

toxin derivative by its toxicity. The L+ (or L+1/10 etc.) is the lowest amount of toxin or derivative that, after incubation with 1 (or 1/10 etc.) international unit (IU) of antitoxin in a final volume of 0.5 ml for 1 h at 20°C and pH 7.5 and after subsequent intramuscular (i.m.) or subcutaneous (s.c.) injection into one mouse, becomes lethal to 50% of the injected mice within the next 4 days (Ipsen 1951; van Heyningen 1960; Barile et al. 1970; Bizzini et al. 1973b; Winsnes and Christiansen 1979)

Lf:

The Lf defines an amount of toxin or toxin derivative by its immunoreactivity in a flocculation assay. If different amounts of toxin (or of one of its immunoreactive derivatives) are mixed with a constant amount of 1 IU of tetanus antitoxin, the rapidity of flocculation runs through a maximum for a certain amount of toxin (or derivative). This amount of toxin (or derivative) is defined to contain 1 Lf unit. For practical purposes, the technique of Ramon (1922) is used. In this procedure the amount and concentration of antitoxin is held constant and the amount of toxin is varied (see also Dean and Webb 1926; Girard et al. 1965)

mepp:

Miniature end-plate potential

MLD:

The MLD defines an amount of toxin or toxin derivative by its toxicity. Unless special reference is made to the antimal species, the MLD refers to mice. Unfortunately, three different definitions have been used for the MLD. The MLD is the lowest amount of toxin or toxin derivative per mouse that, after injection [i.m., s.c., intraperitoneal (i.p.)]: 1. becomes lethal to 100% of the mice within the next 4 days (commonly used definition, example: Bizzini et al. 1973b) 2. becomes lethal to 50% of the mice within the next 4 days (example: Ipsen 1951) 3. becomes just not lethal to any of the mice (rarely and no longer used definition). The MLD according to 1. is about 1.4 times higher than the MLD according to 2., which in turn is about 1.7 times higher than the MLD according to 3. (van Heyningen and Mellanby 1971). The dose-response curve is very steep in a toxicity assay in mice (van Heyningen 1959b).

PAGE:

Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis

SDmin :

The SDmin defines an amount of toxin by its toxicity. The SDmin is the dose of tetanus toxin per animal that can be given such that further increase of the dose does not decrease survival time (minimum saturation dose). The SDmin has been defined and used by Zacks and Sheff (1970). According to them, the SDmin in adult mice is about 4 × 104 times the MLD at 35°C

SDS:

Sodium dodecylsulfate

TSH:

Thyroid stimulating hormone

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Wellhöner, HH. (1982). Tetanus neurotoxin. In: Reviews of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Volume 93. Reviews of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, vol 93. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0032668

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