Abstract
Neural Network technology for knowledge acquisition appears to be promising. Neural Networks alone, however, are insufficient for a medical domain, because of their inability to explain decisions. Knowledge conversion procedures from neural networks to symbolic knowledge are necessary. As a first milestone of the MEDWIS project NELA a knowledge conversion algorithm, called sig *, was tested. We compared a knowledge base generated by sig * with a first prototype of a manually built knowledge base for the diagnosis of cerebrospinal fluid. We have found the performance of the automatically build knowledge base to be quantitatively comparable to the manually acquired knowledge base. The quality of the extracted rules with respect to human understanding and medical plausibility was evaluated by use of a questionnaire. A low number of missing parameters found together with a correct choice of parameters in most cases indicated that the extracted rules correspond well to knowledge expressed by a medical expert. The results presented here confirm that a part of our automatic knowledge acquisition procedure, that is conversion of knowledge from subsymbolic representation to a rule based representation of knowledge, performed comparably, proved to be superior to manual knowledge acquisition with some respects.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Beach, S. S., Gevarter, W.: Standarts for Evaluating Expert System Tools. in: Expert Systems with Applications, Vol. 2, 1991, 259–267.
Bense, H., Bodrow, W. (Eds.) (1995) Objektorientierte und regelbasierte Wissensverarbeitung, Spektrum Akademischer Verlag GmbH, Heidelberg.
Berlit, P (1992) Klinische Neurologie. VCH Weinheim.
Deichsel, G., Trampisch, H.J.: Clusteranalyse and Diskriminanzanalyse. Gustav Fisher Verlag, Stuttgart, 1985.
Engelbrecht, R., Rector, A., Moser, W.: Verification and Validation. in: Assessment and Evaluation of Information Technologies, E.M.S-J-van Gennip and J.L. Talmon (eds.), IOS Press, 1995, 51–66.
Felgenhauer, K. (1988, 1992) Liquordiagnostik. In: L. Thomas: Labor und Diagnose. S. 1403–1423. Medizinische Verlagsgesellschaft Marburg, 1403–1423.
Gallant, S.I.: Neural Network Learning and Expert Systems, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1993.
Hartung, J.: Statistik, 8. Aufl., Oldenbourg Verlag, 1991.
Kleine, T. O. (1979) New developments in the diagnosis of cerebrospinal fluid. Report on the Workshop Conference of the German Society for Clinical Chemistry. J. Clin. Chem. Clin. Biochem. 17, 505–511
Kleine, T. O.: (1989) New diagnostic methods for inflammation of the human central nervous system by cerebrospinal fluid analysis. Workshop Conference of the German Society for Clinical Chemistry. J. Clin. Chem. Clin. Biochem. 27, 895–932
Kleine, T.O. (1980) Neue Labormethoden für die Liquordiagnostik. Thieme, Stuttgart 1980
Kleine, T.O. (1984): Diagnostische Untersuchungen im Liquor cerebrospinalis. In: L. Thomas: Labor und Diagnose. S.937–965. Medizinische Verlagsgesellschaft Marburg
Kleine, T.O. (1989): Nervensystem. In: H.Greiling, A.M. Gressner: Lehrbuch der Klinischen Chemie und Pathobiochemie, Schattauer Stuttgart, 859–893.
Kleine, T.O. (1991): D-Lactat und L-Lactat im Liquor cerebrospinalis bei akuten entzündlichen Erkrankungen des Zentralnervensystems. Lab. med. 15, (114–116.
Kleine, T.O., Baerlocher, K., Niederer, V., Keller, H., Reutter, F., Tritschler, W., Bablok, W. (1979) Diagnostische Bedeutung der Lactatbestimmung im Liquor der Minigitis, Dtsch. Med. Wschr. 104(15), 553–557
Kleine, T.O., Hackler, R., Lehmitz, R., Meyer-Rienecker, H. (1994): Liquor-diagnostik: Klinisch-chemische Kenngrößen — eine kritische Bilanz. DG Klinische Chemie Mitteilungen 25, 199–214.
Kleine, T.O., Hackler, R., Lütcke, A., Zöfel, P., Albrecht, J., Rumpl, E., Meyer-Rienecker, H.J. (1994) Laboratory diagnosis of radicular and pseudoradicular Syndromes in Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF): Reliability of methods in consideration of pathogenetic aspects, Eur.J.Clin.Chem.Clin.Biochem. 32, 45–52.
Kleine, T.O., Weber, L., Zöfel, P. (1987) Diagnostische Aussage eines Basis-Liquor-Programmes bei Erkrankungen des Zentralnervensystems (ZNS), Lab. med. 11, 175–176
Kleine, T.O., Wittmann, M. (1995): Protein determination in urine and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) with the pyrogallol red molybdate method compared with the biuret method. Abstract SEPaC Congress Vienna 1995. Wien. Klin. Wschr. 107 Suppl. 199, 10.
Kohonen, T.: Self-Organizing Maps. Springer, Berlin, 1995.
Lehmitz, R., Kleine, T.O. (1994): Liquorzytologie: Ausbeute, Verteilung und Darstellung von Leukozyten bei drei Sedimentationsverfahren im Vergleich zu drei Zytozentrifugations-Modifikationen. Lab. med. 18, 91–99.
Michaelis, J., Wellek, S., Willems, J.L. (1990) Reference Standards for Software Evaluation, Methods of Information in Medicine 29, F. K. Schattauer Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, 289–297.
Ohmann, C., Belenky, G.: Leitfaden zur Evaluierung von Wissensbasen. MEDWIS-Arbeitskreis Evaluation, 1996.
Puppe, F. (1991) Einführung in Expertensysteme, 2. Auflage, Springer Verlag, Berlin.
Quinlan, J.R. (1984) Learning Efficient Classification Procedures and their Application to Chess End Games, in: Michalski, R.; Carbonell, J.G.; Mitchell, T.M. (Eds.) Machine Learning — An Artificial Intelligence Approach, Berlin, 463–482.
Sax, L. (1992) Angewandte Statistik, 7. Auflage, Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
Ultsch, A, Korus, D., Kleine, T.O. (1995) Integration of Neural Networks and Knowledge-Based Systems in Medicine, 5th. Conf. Artificial Intelligence in Medicine Europe AIME'95, Pavia, Italy, June 1995, in: Barahona, P.; Stefanelli, M.; Wyatt, J. Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 934, Springer, 425–426.
Ultsch, A. (1993) Knowledge Extraction from Self-organizing Neural Networks, in O. Opitz, B. Lausen and R. Klar, (Eds.) Information and Classification, Berlin: Springer, 301–306.
Ultsch, A. (1993) Self-Organized Feature Maps for Monitoring and Knowledge Acquisition of a Chemical Process, in Gielen, S., Kappen, B. (Eds.): Proc. Intl. Conf. on Artificial Neural Networks (ICANN), Amsterdam, Sep. 1993, Springer, 864–867.
Ultsch, A. (1993) Self-organizing Neural Networks for Visualization and Classification, in O. Opitz, B. Lausen and R. Klar, (Eds.) Information and Classification, Springer-Verlag, Berlin 307–313.
Ultsch, A. (1994) The Integration of Neural Networks with Symbolic Knowledge Processing, in: Diday et al.: New Approaches in Classification and Data Analysis, Springer, 445–454.
Ultsch, A., Korus, D. (1995) Erwerb von Fuzzy-Wissen aus Selbstorganisierenden Neuronalen Netzen, Proc. 3. Workshop Fuzzy-Neuro-Systeme'95, Darmstadt/F.R.G, Nov. 15–17, 1995, 325–332.
Ultsch, A., Korus, D. (1995) Integration of Neural Networks with Knowledge-Based Systems, Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. on Neural Networks, IEEE-ICNN'95, Perth/Australia, Nov./Dec. 1995, Vol. 4, 1828–1838.
Ultsch, A., Mantyk, R., Halmans, G. (1993) A Connectionist Knowledge Acquisition Tool CONKAT, in D. J. Hand (Ed.) Artificial Intelligence Frontiers in Statistics, Chapman & Hall 1993, 256–263.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1997 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this paper
Cite this paper
Ultsch, A. et al. (1997). Evaluation of automatic and manual knowledge acquisition for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diagnosis. In: Keravnou, E., Garbay, C., Baud, R., Wyatt, J. (eds) Artificial Intelligence in Medicine. AIME 1997. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 1211. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0029441
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0029441
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-62709-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-68448-0
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive