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X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic studies of electroactive polymers

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Polymer Characteristics

Part of the book series: Advances in Polymer Science ((POLYMER,volume 106))

Abstract

The electroactive polymers most commonly studied during the past decade include polyacetylene, polyaniline, polypyrrole, polythiophene, polyphenylene, poly(phenylene sulfide), poly(phenylene vinylene) and some non-conjugated polymers, such as the polyvinylpyridine and poly(N-vinylcarbazole). These polymers along with their analogs and derivatives have been selected to illustrate the type and level of information which can be obtained by the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS) technique. It is demonstrated that XPS provides an excellent tool for evaluating the three most important physicochemical properties associated with these polymers, viz., the intrinsic structure, the charge transfer interaction, and the stability and degradation behavior. Some future research directions may involve surface modified or functionalized materials, as well as the application of more surface-sensitive techniques, such as secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), which allow us to probe the reactive surfaces and interfaces of the electroactive polymers.

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Abbreviations

(CH)x :

polyacetylene

PPA:

polyphenylacetylene

Poly(o-Me3SiPA):

poly[[o-(trimethylsilyl)phenyl]acetylene]

PPY:

polypyrrole

DP-PPY:

deprotonated (25%) polypyrrole

PPY°:

fully reduced polypyrrole

PAN:

polyaniline

PNA:

pernigraniline

EM:

emeraldine

LM:

leucoemeraldine

NA:

nigraniline

PTH:

polythiophene

PPS:

poly(phenylene sulfide)

PBT:

polybenzothiophene

PBiT:

poly(2,2′-bithiophene)

PMeT:

poly(3-methylthiophene)

PHeT:

poly(3-hexylthiophene)

PPV:

poly(phenylene vinylene)

PPP:

poly(p-phenylene)

P2VP:

poly(2-vinylpyridine)

P4VP:

poly(4-vinylpyridine)

PVK:

poly(N-vinylcarbazole)

XPS:

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

ESCA:

electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis

UPS:

ultra-violet photoelectron spectroscopy

SIMS:

secondary ion mass spectroscopy

STM:

scanning tunneling microscopy

IR:

infra-red

UV:

ultra-violet

BE:

binding energy

KE:

kinetic energy

CT:

charge transfer

DDQ:

2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-p-benzoquinone

TCNE:

tetracyanoethylene

TCNQ:

7,7,8,8-tetracyano-p-benzoquinone

o-chloranil:

tetrachloro-o-benzoquinone

p-chloranil:

tetrachloro-p-benzoquinone

o-bromanil:

tetrabromo-o-benzoquinone

p-fluoranil:

tetrafluoro-p-benzoquinone

NMP:

N-methylpyrrolidinone

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 0511, Kent Ridge, Singapore

    E. T. Kang & K. G. Neoh

  2. Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, 0511, Kent Ridge, Singapore

    K. L. Tan

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  1. E. T. Kang
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  2. K. G. Neoh
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© 1993 Springer-Verlag

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Kang, E.T., Neoh, K.G., Tan, K.L. (1993). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic studies of electroactive polymers. In: Polymer Characteristics. Advances in Polymer Science, vol 106. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0025863

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0025863

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  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-56140-8

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