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Properties of liquid crystals of polypeptides

With stress on the electromagnetic orientation

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  • First Online:
New Scientific Aspects

Part of the book series: Advances in Polymer Science ((POLYMER,volume 20))

Abstract

A review of the extensive studies on liquid crystals of polypeptides and the elucidation of their properties with particular stress on the electromagnetic orientation has been attempted, and the following hypotheses have been obtained:

  1. 1.

    Liquid crystalline phases other than the cholesteric phase can exist in concentrated solutions of polypeptides and rod-like molecular clusters are formed (or separated from domains) easily under the action of an electric field, a magnetic field or shearing stresses.

  2. 2.

    Rod-like molecular clusters are formed also from the cholesteric phase in an external electric or magnetic field beyond the critical strength or by shearing stresses.

  3. 3.

    A certain portion of the polypeptide molecules is not incorporated into liquid crystals and forms a saturated isotropic solution into which the molecular clusters are dissolved.

  4. 4.

    Polymer molecules present a (nearly) parallel arrangement within the molecular cluster in which the number of the polypeptide molecules is about 5×105 (for PBLG of the degree of polymerization 650 in methylene bromide) and fluctuation of the polypeptide molecules produces a huge dipole moment. The size of the molecular cluster is “a few to several microns ×0.1 µφ” for this preparation.

  5. 5.

    In the molecular cluster of PBLG the main chain and the side chains of the polypeptide molecule orient in a similar way as in the mechanically oriented film; however, the rotation of the side chains becomes marked at high temperature, say 27°C or more. Stacks of the benzene rings of the side chains may possibly be present between the neighboring polypeptide molecules.

  6. 6.

    The orientation of liquid crystalline solutions of polypeptides is caused by the permanent dipole moment of the molecular cluster in an electric field when in a high dielectric solvent, and by the induced dipole moment of the molecular cluster in a magnetic field, irrespective of the solvent used. The maximum induced dipole moment of the molecular cluster is about 2.4×10−17 erg/gauss.

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  1. Institute of High Polymer Research, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Ueda, Japan

    Eisaku Iizuka

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  1. Eisaku Iizuka
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© 1976 Springer-Verlag

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Iizuka, E. (1976). Properties of liquid crystals of polypeptides. In: New Scientific Aspects. Advances in Polymer Science, vol 20. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0023969

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0023969

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  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-07631-5

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