Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The dependability approach to critical computing systems

  • VIII — Validation
  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
ESEC '87 (ESEC 1987)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNCS,volume 289))

Included in the following conference series:

Abstract

Critical computing systems are considered from the dependability viewpoint. A framework for the design and validation of critical computing systems is derived from the interpretation of the quantified objectives assigned to safety-related computing systems in terms of dependability measures (especially failure rate). This framework associates design diversity together with formal verification and reliability calculations for both hardware and software.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. J. Arlat, J.P. Blanquart, J.C. Laprie, "On the certification of computing systems: the EVE project — application to a computerized interlocking", in Proc. 4th Int. Conf. on Reliability and Maintainability, Perros-Guirec, France, May 1984, pp. 650–656; in French.

    Google Scholar 

  2. J. Arlat, J.C. Laprie, "On the dependability evaluation of high safety systems", in Proc. 15th IEEE Int. Symp. on Fault Tolerant Computing (FTCS-15), Ann Arbor, Michigan, June 1985, pp. 318–323.

    Google Scholar 

  3. A. Avizienis, J.P.J. Kelly, "Fault tolerance by design diversity: concepts and experiments", Computer, vol. 17, no. 8, Aug. 1984, pp. 67–80.

    Google Scholar 

  4. A. Avizienis, J.C. Laprie, "Dependable computing: from concepts to design diversity", Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 74, no. 5, May 1986, pp. 629–638.

    Google Scholar 

  5. H.G. Barrow, "Verify: a program for proving correctness of digital hardware designs", Artificial Intelligence", vol. 24, Dec. 1984, pp. 437–491.

    Google Scholar 

  6. P. Bishop, D. Esp, M. Barnes, P. Humphreys, G. Dahll, J. Lahti, S. Yoshimura, "Project on diverse software — an experiment in software reliability", in Proc. 4th IFAC Workshop on Safety of Computer Control Systems (SAFECOMP'85), Como, Italy, Oct. 1985, pp. 153–158.

    Google Scholar 

  7. R.E. Bloomfield, P.K.D. Froome, "The application of formal methods to the assessment of high integrity software", IEEE Trans. on Software Engineering, vol. SE-12, no. 9, Sept. 1986, pp. 988–993.

    Google Scholar 

  8. W.C. Carter, P.R. Schneider, "Design of dynamically checked computers", in Proc. IFIP'68 Cong., Amsterdam, 1968, pp. 878–883.

    Google Scholar 

  9. L. Chen, A. Avizienis, "N-version programming: a fault-tolerance approach to reliability of software operation", in Proc. 8th IEEE Int. Symp. on Fault Tolerant Computing (FTCS-8), Toulouse, France, June 1978, pp. 3–9.

    Google Scholar 

  10. R.C. Cheung, "A user-oriented software reliability model", IEEE Trans. on Software Engineering, vol. SE-6, March 1980, pp. 118–125.

    Google Scholar 

  11. A. Costes, C. Landrault, J.C. Laprie, "Reliability and availability models for maintained systems featuring hardware failures and design faults", IEEE Trans. on Computers, vol. C-27, June 1978, pp. 548–560.

    Google Scholar 

  12. P.A. Currit, M. Dyer, H.D. MIlls, "Certifying the reliability of software", IEEE Trans.on Software Engineering, vol.SE-12, no. 1, Jan. 1986, pp. 3–11.

    Google Scholar 

  13. D.E. Eckhardt, L.E. Lee, "A theoretical basis for the analysis of multiversion software subject to coincident errors", IEEE Trans. on Software Engineering, vol. SE-11, no. 12, Dec. 1985, pp. 1511–1517.

    Google Scholar 

  14. W.R. Elmendorf, "Fault-tolerant programming", in Proc. 2nd IEEE Int. Symp. on Fault Tolerant Computing (FTCS-2), Newton, Massachusetts, June 1972, pp. 79–83.

    Google Scholar 

  15. J.R. Garman, "The ‘bug’ heard around the world", ACM Sigsoft Software Engineering notes, vol. 6, no. 5, Oct. 1981, pp. 3–10.

    Google Scholar 

  16. J. Goldberg, "A time for integration", in Proc. 12h IEEE Int. Symp. on Fault Tolerant Computing (FTCS-12), Santa Monica, CA, June 1982, p. 42.

    Google Scholar 

  17. A. Grnarov, J. Arlat, A. Avizienis, "On the performance of software fault tolerance strategies", in Proc. 10h IEEE Int. Symp. on Fault Tolerant Computing (FTCS-10), Kyoto, Oct. 1980, pp. 251–253.

    Google Scholar 

  18. G. Hagelin, "ERICSSON safety systems for railway control", Summer'86 Meeting of the IFIP WG 10.4, Baden, Austria, June 1986; to appear in Application of Design Diversity in Computerised Control Systems, U. Voges, ed., Springer-Verlag, 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  19. L.E. James, J.E. Angus, J.B. Bowen, J. McDaniel, "Combined hardware/software reliability models", Report RADC no. TR-82-68, April 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  20. L. Lamport, R. Shostak, M. Pease, "The Byzantine generals problem", ACM Trans. on Programming Languages and Systems, vol. 4, no. 3, July 1982, pp. 382–401.

    Google Scholar 

  21. J.C. Laprie, "Dependability modeling and evaluation of hardware-and-software systems”, in Proc. 2nd GI/NTG/GMR Conf. on Fault Tolerant Computing, Bonn, Germany, Sept. 1984, pp. 202–215.

    Google Scholar 

  22. J.C. Laprie, "Dependability evaluation of software systems in operation", IEEE Trans. on Software Engineering, vol. SE-10, no. 6, Nov. 1984, pp. 701–714.

    Google Scholar 

  23. J.C. Laprie, "Dependable computing and fault tolerance: concepts and terminology", in Proc. 15th IEEE Int. Symp. on Fault Tolerant Computing (FTCS-15), Ann Arbor, Michigan, June 1985, pp. 2–11.

    Google Scholar 

  24. N.G. Leveson, "Verification of safety", in Proc. 3rd IFAC Int. Workshop on Safety of Computer Control Systems (SAFECOMP'83), Cambridge, UK, Sept. 1983, pp. 167–174.

    Google Scholar 

  25. N.G. Leveson, P.R. Harvey, "Analyzing software safety", IEEE Trans. on Software Engineering, vol. SE-9, Sept. 1983, pp. 569–579.

    Google Scholar 

  26. B. Littlewood, "Software reliability model for modular program structure", IEEE Trans. on Reliability, vol. R-30, Oct. 1981, pp. 313–320.

    Google Scholar 

  27. D.J. Martin, "Dissimilar software in high integrity applications in flight controls", in Proceedings AGARD CP-330, Sept. 1982, pp. 36.1–36.13.

    Google Scholar 

  28. P.M. Melliar-Smith, R.L. Schwartz, "Formal specification and mechanical verification of SIFT: a fault-tolerant flight control system", IEEE Trans. on Computers, vol. C-31, July 1982, pp. 616–630.

    Google Scholar 

  29. J.F. Meyer, "Performability evaluation of the SIFT computer", in Proc. 9th IEEE Int. Symp. on Fault Tolerant Computing (FTCS-9), Madison, Wisconsin, June 1979, pp. 43–50.

    Google Scholar 

  30. H. Mine, Y. Koga, "Basic properties and a construction method for fail-safe logical systems", IEEE Trans. on Electron. Computers, vol. EC-16, no. 6, June 1967, pp. 282–289.

    Google Scholar 

  31. M. Ohba, "Software reliability analysis", IBM Journal of Research and Development, vol. 28, no. 4, July 1984, pp. 428–443.

    Google Scholar 

  32. C.V. Ramamoorthy et al., "Application of a methodology for the development and validation of reliable process control software", IEEE Trans. on Software Engineering, vol. SE-7, Nov. 1981, pp. 537–555.

    Google Scholar 

  33. C.V. Ramamoorthy, A. Prakash, W.T. Tsai, Y. Usuda, "Software engineering: problems and perspective", Computer, vol. 17, no. 10, Oct. 1984, pp. 191–209.

    Google Scholar 

  34. B. Randell, "System structure for software fault tolerance", IEEE Trans. on Software Engineering, vol. SE-1, no. 2, June 1975, pp. 220–232.

    Google Scholar 

  35. D.J. Reifer, "Software failure modes and effects analysis", IEEE Trans. on Reliability, vol. R-28, no. 3, Aug. 1979, pp. 247–249.

    Google Scholar 

  36. L. Remus, "Methodology for software development of a digital integrated protection system", presented at the EWICS-TC7 Meeting, Brussels, Jan. 1982, 19 p.

    Google Scholar 

  37. S. Rengt, "Fail-safe or safe-life systems, which are the safest?", Lecture notes, National School for Civil Aviation, Toulouse, France, 1980.

    Google Scholar 

  38. W.B. Rohn, T.F. Arnold, "Design for low expected downtime control systems", in Proc. 4th Int. Conf. on Computer Communications, Philadelphia, PA, June 1972, pp. 16–25.

    Google Scholar 

  39. J.C. Rouquet, P. Traverse, "Safe and reliable computing on board of Airbus and ATR aircraft", in Proc. 5th Int. Workshop on Safety of Computer Control Systems (SAFECOMP'86), Sarlat, France, pp. 93–97.

    Google Scholar 

  40. R.D. Schlichting, F.B. Schneider, "Fail-stop processors: an approach to designing fault-tolerant computing systems", ACM Trans. on Computing Systems, vol. 1, no. 3, Aug. 1983, pp. 222–238.

    Google Scholar 

  41. R.E. Shostak, "Formal verification of VLSI designs", in Proc. Compcon Spring'83, San Francisco, Feb. 1983, pp. 269–272.

    Google Scholar 

  42. B.J. Sterner, "Computerized interlocking system — a multidimensional structure in the pursuit of safety", IMechE Railway Enginneer International, 1978, pp. 29–30.

    Google Scholar 

  43. J. Wakerly, Error Detecting Codes, Self-Checking Circuits and Applications, New York: North Holland, 1978.

    Google Scholar 

  44. J.H. Wensley, L. Lamport, J. Goldberg, M.W. Green, K.N. Levitt, P.M. Melliar-Smith, R.E. Shostack, C.B. Weinstock, "SIFT: the design and analysis of a fault-tolerant computer for aircraft control", Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 66, no. 10, Oct. 1978, pp. 1255–1268.

    Google Scholar 

  45. G. Wind, "Objectives and principles of international standardisation in order to insure safety of electromedical equipments", UTE Bulletin, Oct. 1985; in French.

    Google Scholar 

  46. L.J. Yount, "Architectural solutions to safety problems of digital flight-critical systems for commercial transports", in Proc. 6th Digital Avionics Systems Conf., Baltimore, MD, Dec. 1984, pp. 28–35.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laas-Cnrs, 7, Avenue du Colonel Roche, 31400, Toulouse, France

    Jean-Claude Laprie

Authors
  1. Jean-Claude Laprie
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Howard Nichols Dan Simpson

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1987 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

Laprie, JC. (1987). The dependability approach to critical computing systems. In: Nichols, H., Simpson, D. (eds) ESEC '87. ESEC 1987. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 289. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0022116

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0022116

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-18712-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-48117-1

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation