Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

A model of the acquisition of rule knowledge with visual helps: The operational knowledge for a functional, visual programming language

  • Models Of Reasoning And Learning
  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Computer Assisted Learning (ICCAL 1990)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNCS,volume 438))

Included in the following conference series:

  • 1196 Accesses

Abstract

A simulation model of the acquisition of rule knowledge with visual helps is described in the domain of the operational knowledge for ABSYNT, a functional, visual programming language. The knowledge acquisition process is viewed as an iterative two-stage process:

  1. a)

    acquiring new knowledge by making use of the supplied visual help material in response to difficulties: that is, in new situations for which the current knowledge is not sufficient;

  2. b)

    improving existing knowledge by dealing with familiar types of situations.

The simulation model was developed by protocol analysis of one single subject. The model describes 60% of a continuous portion of the protocol. Some more coarse data from other subjects are analyzed in the light of predictions of the model. The model further suggests how to continuously change the help material in order to adapt it to the actual knowledge state of the learner during the knowledge acquisition process.

This work is sponsored by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) in the SPP Psychology of Knowledge, Grant-no. MO 292/3-3.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

7. References

  1. Anderson, J.R., The Architecture of Cognition. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 1983

    Google Scholar 

  2. Anderson, J.R., Knowledge Compilation: The General Learning Mechanism. In: Michalski, R.S.; Carbonell, J.G.; Mitchell, T.M.: Machine Learning, Vol. II. Los Altos: Kaufman, 1986, 289–310

    Google Scholar 

  3. Anderson, J.R.; Greeno, J.G.; Kline, P.J.; Neves, D.M.: Acquisition of Problem-Solving Skill. In: Anderson, J.R. (ed): Cognitive Skills and their Acquisition. Hillsdale, Erlbaum, 1981, 191–230

    Google Scholar 

  4. Bonar, J.G., Liffick, B.W., A Visual Programming Language for Novices. In: Chang, S.K. (ed): Principles of Visual Programming Systems. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall, 1990, 326–366

    Google Scholar 

  5. Brown, J.S.; van Lehn, K., Repair Theory: A Generative Theory of Bugs in Procedural Skills. Cognitive Science, 1980, 4, 379–426

    Google Scholar 

  6. Card, S.K., Moran T.P., Newell, A., The Psychology of Human-Computer Interaction. Hillsdale: Erlbaum, 1983

    Google Scholar 

  7. Cheng, P., Carbonell, J.G., The FERMI System: Inducing Iterative Macro-operators from Experience. Proceedings of the fifth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence. Cambridge: Morgan Kaufman, 1986, 490–495

    Google Scholar 

  8. Davis, R.E., Runnable Specifications as a Design Tool. In: Clark, K.L.; Tärnlund, S.A. (eds), Logic Programming, New York, Academic Press, 1982, 141–149

    Google Scholar 

  9. Goldstein, I.P., The Genetic Graph: A Representation for the Evolution of Procedural Knowledge. In: Sleeman, D, Brown, J.S. (eds): Intelligent Tutoring Systems. New York: Academic Press, 1982, 51–77

    Google Scholar 

  10. Glinert, E.P., Nontextual Programming Environments. In: Chang, S.K. (ed): Principles of Visual Programming Systems. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall, 1990, 144–230

    Google Scholar 

  11. Janke, G., Möbus, C., Thole, H.-J., Konzeptualisierung eines problemlösezentrierten Hilfesystems. In: Stetter, F., Brauer, W. (ed), Informatik und Schule, Informatik-Fachberichte 220, Berlin, Springer, 1989, 44–55

    Google Scholar 

  12. Janke, G., Kohnert, K., Interface Design of a Visual Programming Language: Evaluating Runnable Specifications. In: F. Klix, N.A. Streitz, Y. Waern & N. Wandke (eds), Man-Computer-Interaction Research MACINTER-II, Proceedings of the Second Network Seminar of MACINTER held in Berlin/GDR, March 21–25, 1988, Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1989, 567–581

    Google Scholar 

  13. Johnson-Laird, P.N., Mental Models. In Aitkenhead, A.M., Slack, J.M. (eds): Issues in Cognitive Modeling. Hillsdale: Erlbaum, 1985, 81–99

    Google Scholar 

  14. Kearsley, G., Online Help Systems. Norwood: Ablex, 1988

    Google Scholar 

  15. Kieras, D, Polson, P.G., An Approach to the Formal Analysis of User Complexity. Int. Journal of Man-Machine Studies, 1985, 22, 365–394

    Google Scholar 

  16. Laird, J., Rosenbloom, P.S. & Newell, A. (eds), Universal Subgoaling and Chunking, Boston: Kluwer Academic Publ. 1986

    Google Scholar 

  17. Lewis, C., Composition of Productions, In: Klahr, D., Langley, P., Neches, R. (eds), Production System Models of Learning and Development, Cambridge, MIT press, 1987, 329–358

    Google Scholar 

  18. Möbus, C.: Die Entwicklung zum Programmierexperten durch das Problemlösen mit Automaten. In: Mandl, H.; Fischer, P.M. (Hg): Lernen im Dialog mit dem Computer. München: Urban & Schwarzenberg, 1985, 140–154

    Google Scholar 

  19. Möbus, C., Logic Programs as a Specification and Description Tool in the Design Processes of an Intelligent Tutoring System, in Salvendy, G. (ed), Abridged Proceedings of the HCI International 87, 1987, 119

    Google Scholar 

  20. Möbus, C., Toward the Design of Adaptive Instructions and Helps for Knowledge Communication with the Problem Solving Monitor ABSYNT. To appear in: Stepankova, O., Marik, V. (eds): Proceedings of the CEPES UNESCO Workshop "The Advent of Higher Education", Prague, Oct. 23–25, 1989, Berlin-Heidelberg-New York: Springer (in press)

    Google Scholar 

  21. Möbus, C.; Schröder, O., Knowledge Specification and Instruction for a Visual Computer Language. In: Klix, F.; Wandke, H; Streitz, N.A.; Waern, Y. (eds): Man-Computer-Interaction Research MACINTER-II, 1989, 535–565

    Google Scholar 

  22. Möbus, C.; Schröder, O., representing Semantic Knowledge with 2-Dimensional Rules in the Domain of Functional Programming. In: Tauber, M; Gorny, P. (eds), Visualization in Human-Computer Interaction, Heidelberg, Springer Computer Science Lecture Series, in press

    Google Scholar 

  23. Möbus, C.; Thole, H.J., Tutors, Instructions, and Helps. In: Christaller, Th. (ed), Künstliche Intelligenz, KIFS87, Proceedings, Informatik-Fachberichte 202, Heidelberg: Springer, 1989, 336–385

    Google Scholar 

  24. Möbus, C, Thole, H.J., Interactive Support for Planning Visual Programs in the Problem Solving Monitor ABSYNT: Giving Feedback to User Hypotheses on the Language Level (this volume)

    Google Scholar 

  25. Neves, D.M.; Anderson, J.R., Knowledge Compilation: Mechanisms for the Automatization of Cognitive Skills. In: Anderson, J.R. (ed): Cognitive Skills and their Acquisition. Hillsdale, Erlbaum, 1981, 57–84

    Google Scholar 

  26. Reiser, B.J., Ranney, M., Lovett, M.C., Kimberg, D.Y., Facilitationg Students' Reasoning with Causal Explanations and Visual Representations. In: Bierman, D., Breuker, J., Sandberg, J. (eds), Artificial Intelligence and Education. Amsterdam: IOS, 1989, 228–235

    Google Scholar 

  27. Schröder, O., Frank, K.D., Kohnert, K., Möbus, C., Rauterberg, M., Instruction-Based Knowledge Acquisition and Modification: The Operational Knowledge for a Functional, Visual Programming Language, Computers in Human Behavior, in press

    Google Scholar 

  28. Sleeman, D., Brown, J.S., Intelligent Tutoring Systems, New York: Academic Press, 1982

    Google Scholar 

  29. van Lehn, K., Learning One Subprocedure per Lesson, Artificial Intelligence, 1987, 31, 1–40

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. van Lehn, K., Towards a Theory of Impasse-Driven Learning. In: Mandl, H; Lesgold, A.: Learning Issues for Intelligent Tutoring Systems. Springer, New York, 1988, 19–41

    Google Scholar 

  31. Wolff, J.G., Cognitive Development as Optimization, In: Bolc, L. (ed), Computational Models of Learning, Heidelberg: Springer, 1987, 161–205

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Computational Science, University of Oldenburg, D-2900, Oldenburg, F.R. Germany

    Olaf Schröder

Authors
  1. Olaf Schröder
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Douglas H. Norrie Hans-Werner Six

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1990 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg

About this paper

Cite this paper

Schröder, O. (1990). A model of the acquisition of rule knowledge with visual helps: The operational knowledge for a functional, visual programming language. In: Norrie, D.H., Six, HW. (eds) Computer Assisted Learning. ICCAL 1990. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 438. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0020876

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0020876

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-52699-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-47111-0

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation