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Geochemical processes in landfills

  • The Landfill As A Reactor
  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
The Landfill

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Earth Sciences ((LNEARTH,volume 20))

Abstract

The present review focusses on the qualitative long-term perspectives of processes and mechanisms controlling the interactions of critical pollutants with organic and inorganic substrates both in "reactor landfills" and in deposits, which already consist of rock-like material ("final storage quality"). The behavior of pollutants in landfills is determined by the chemistry of interstitial solutions, i.e. by pH and redox conditions, and concentration of inorganic and organic ligands; in "reactor landfills" these conditions are widely variable as a result of biochemical reactions, while "final storage quality" implies less variations of chemical interactions. In both alternatives, however, prediction of short- and long-term effects on groundwater quality should be based on the proportion of "active species" of compounds ("mobility concept"). Qualitative assessment of potentially mobile pollutants may involve a controlled significative intensivation of important parameters such as pH-values. Using sequential extraction rearrangements of specific solid "phases" can be evaluated prior to the actual remobilisation of the pollutant into the dissolved phase.

From a geochemical point of view the "reactor landfill" is characterized by labile conditions during the initial aerobic and acid anaerobic phases, the former mainly due to uncontrolled interactions with organic solutes. On the other hand, final storage quality, which is defined by the composition of earth crust material, in most cases is not attained by simple incineration of municipal waste, i.e. by reduction of organic fractions only. There is, in particular, the problem of easily soluble minerals, such as chlorides. Nonetheless the type of inorganic residue deposits will increasingly receive prevalence as a method of final storage for municipal wastes in the future.

The possible implications with toxic chemicals are presented for the various types of landfills such as deposits of sewage sludge, municipal solid waste ("reactor") landfills, sub-sediment deposition of dredged materials, borrow pit storage of metal oxide residues from industrial processes, deposit of coal combustion ashes, and finally, residues from incineration of municipal waste materials.

The concept of "geochemical engineering" emphasizes the increasing efforts of using natural resources available at the disposal site for reducing negative environmental effects of all types of waste material. Future efforts should not only be aimed for chemically stabilizing critical compounds in waste materials but — in particular — for recycling valuable components such as strategic metals, e.g., by application of hydrometallurgical extraction procedures.

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  1. Technical University Hamburg-Harburg, D-2100, Hamburg 90, Germany

    Ulrich Förstner, Michael Kersten & Reinhard Wienberg

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  1. Ulrich Förstner
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  2. Michael Kersten
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  3. Reinhard Wienberg
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Peter Baccini

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© 1989 Springer-Verlag

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Förstner, U., Kersten, M., Wienberg, R. (1989). Geochemical processes in landfills. In: Baccini, P. (eds) The Landfill. Lecture Notes in Earth Sciences, vol 20. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0011258

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0011258

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