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Carbon dioxide transfer in biochemical reactors

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Biotechnology Methods

Part of the book series: Advances in Biochemical Engineering/Biotechnology ((ABE,volume 35))

Abstract

Carbon dioxide is a major product of the oxidation of carbohydrates during cell metabolism. In essence, the oxidation of substrates, such as carbohydrates to CO2 and H2O, is the basis for aerobic forms of life. As such, carbon dioxide is a key component in life processes.

Carbon dioxide is not only a product, but also necessary for the growth of many microorganisms. The depletion of the TCA cycle pool constituents under certain conditions of growth necessitates carbon dioxide fixation to make up the deficiency. Carbon dioxide has also been proven to have a variety of effects on microbial morphology, spore germination, and cell growth and product formation.

A state-of-the-art review of the literature relating to carbon dioxide transfer in submerged biochemical reactors is presented. Emphasis is laid upon absorption and desorption of carbon dioxide in aqueous media. Considerable effort is devoted to discussions of physiological effects of carbon dioxide on microbial activities and carbon dioxide reactions in aqueous media.

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Abbreviations

A:

reactor cross section perpendicular to the gas flow (cm2)

a:

interfacial area per unit volume (cm2 cm−3)

C:

constant (dimensionless)

Ca :

concentration of component a (mg L−1)

C *a :

concentration of component a at gas-liquid interface (mg L−1)

Cg :

concentration of a component in gas phase (mg L−1)

Cn :

concentration of organic solute (g L−1)

Cel :

concentration of electrolyte in solution (mol L−1)

C:

concentration of dissolved gas in bulk liquid (g cm−3)

C* :

interfacial dissolved gas concentration in equilibrium with the bulk gas (mol cm−3)

Cg :

bulk gas concentration (mol cm−3)

C *g :

interfacial gas concentration in equilibrium with the liquid concentration (mol cm−3)

ci :

concentration of ionic species i in solution

\(c_{o_2 }\) :

average concentration of dissolved oxygen (mol cm−3)

DAB :

diffusivity of A in B (cm2 s−1)

DA :

diffusivity of solute (cm2 s−1)

DO2 :

oxygen diffusivity in liquid phase (cm2 s−1)

d:

turbine diameter (cm)

Fg :

gas flow rate (cm3 s−1)

H:

Henry's Law Constant

Hi :

parameter (L mol−1)

h:

empirical parameter (L mol−1)

h− :

empirical parameter (L mol−1)

h+ :

empirical parameter (L mol−1)

Ii :

ionic strength (mol L−1)

K:

constant (dimensionless)

K:

solubility parameter for non-electrolytes (L g−1)

K:

Sechenov constant

KL :

overall mass transfer coefficient (cm s−1)

kg :

local gas side mass transfer coefficient (cm s−1)

kl :

local liquid side mass transfer coefficient (cm s−1)

MB :

molecular weight of solvent (g mol−1)

m:

parameter (dimensionless)

N:

rotational speed of turbine (revolutions per min)

n:

parameter (dimensionless)

Pg :

gassed power input (g cm s−1)

pa :

partial pressure of component a (KPa)

pai :

partial pressure of component a at the interface (KPa)

Qi :

local uptake rate (mole cm−3 s−1)

¯Q:

average uptake rate (mole cm−3 s−1)

R:

rate of absorption (mole cm−2 s−1)

¯R:

average rate of absorption (mole cm−2 s−1)

R′:

specific CO2 production rate (mol CO2 per mg cell per s)

−r:

transfer rate of CO2 across gas-liquid interface (mol CO2 per cm3 s−1)

s ':

surface renewal rate (s−1)

T:

temperature (K)

V:

reactor volume (cm3)

VA :

molecular volume of solute (cm3 mol−1)

VL :

liquid volume (cm3) or liquid flow rate (cm s−1)

VS :

superficial gas velocity (cm min−1)

VT :

terminal bubble rise velocity (cm min−1)

X′:

viable cell mass (mg cell per cm3)

zi :

valencies of ions (dimensionless)

α:

Bunsen coefficient (dimensionless)

α0 :

Bunsen coefficient of water (dimensionless)

αel :

Bunsen coefficient of salt solution (dimensionless)

θ:

exposure time (s)

δ:

parameter

Μ:

viscosity (g cm−1 s−1)

χ:

association parameter (dimensionless)

ϱ:

density (g cm−3)

σ:

surface tension (dyne cm−1)

ϕ:

age distribution of fluid elements (dimensionless)

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Biochemical Engineering Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, State University of New York at Buffalo, 14260, Buffalo, New York, USA

    Chester S. Ho, Mark D. Smith & John F. Shanahan

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  1. Chester S. Ho
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  2. Mark D. Smith
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© 1987 Springer-Verlag

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Ho, C.S., Smith, M.D., Shanahan, J.F. (1987). Carbon dioxide transfer in biochemical reactors. In: Biotechnology Methods. Advances in Biochemical Engineering/Biotechnology, vol 35. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0004427

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0004427

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  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-17627-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-47727-3

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