Abstract
The definition and a brief history of iterative learning control (ILC) are introduced. ILC is formulated and ILC formulations in various domains are compared. Some basic ILC laws and two ILC configurations are presented in details with convergence analysis in both time domain and frequency domain. Convergence mechanism and source of bad transient are discussed with literature review on relevant topics. The robotic test bed system used for ILC experiments is depicted. Finally, the content of the book is outlined.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Elci H, Longman RW, Phan M, Juang JN, Ugoletti R (2002) Simple learning control made practical by zero-phase filtering: application to robotics. IEEE Trans Circuit Syst – 1 49:753–767
Uchiyama M (1978) Formulation of high-speed motion pattern of a mechanical arm by trial. Trans SICE (Society of Instrument and Control Engineering) 14(6):706–712 Published in Japanese
Arimoto S, Kawamura S, Miyazaki F (1984) Bettering operation of robots by learning. J Rob Syst 1:123–140
Casalino G, Bartolini G (1984) A learning procedure for the control of movements of robotic manipulators. In: Proceedings of the 4th IASTED Symposium on Robotics and Automation, Amsterdam, Netherlands, pp 108–111
Craig JJ (1984) Adaptive control of manipulator through repeated trials. In: Proceedings of the 1984 American Control Conference, San Diego, CA, USA, pp 1566–1573
Middleton RH, Goodwin GC, Longman RW (1989) A method for improving the dynamic accuracy of a robot performing a repetitive task. Int J Rob Res 8(5):67–74
Kawamura S, Miyazaki F, Arimoto S (1984) Iterative learning control for robotic systems. In: Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Industrial Electronics, Control, and Instrumentation, Tokyo, Japan, pp 393–398
Bien Z, Xu J (1998) Iterative Learning Control: Analysis, Design, Integration and Applications. Kluwer, Boston
Chen Y, Wen C (1999) Iterative learning control: convergence, robustness, and application, London, UK. Series of Lecture Notes series on Control and Information Sciences, vol 248. Springer-Verlag, London
Horowitz R (1993) Learning control of robot manipulators. ASME J Dyn Syst Meas Control 115:402–411
Longman RW (2000) Iterative learning control and repetitive control for engineering practice. Int J Control 73(10):930–954
Moore KL (1992) Iterative learning control: a survey and new results. J Rob Syst 9:563–594
Moore KL (1993) Iterative Learning Control for Deterministic System. Springer-Verlag, London
Moore KL (1999) Iterative learning control - an expository overview. Appl Comput Controls Signal Process Circuits 1:151–214
Moore KL, Dahleh M, Bhattacharyya SP (1989) Iterative learning for trajectory control. In: Proceedings of the 28th Conference on Decision and Control, pp 860–865
Doh T-Y, Jin KB, Chung MJ (1998) An LMI approach to iterative learning control for uncertain linear systems. In: Proceedings of the 1998 International Symposium on Intelligent and Automatic Control, Albuquerque, NM, USA, pp 000.1–000.6
Doh T, Chung M-J (1998) Robust ILC with current feedback for uncertain linear systems. In: Bien Z, Xu J (eds) Iterative Learning Control: Analysis, Design, Integration and Applications. Kluwer, Boston, pp 285–310
de Roover D (1996) Synthesis of a robust iterative learning controller using an \(H_{\infty }\) approach. In: Proceedings of the 35th Conference on Decision and Control, Kobe, Japan, pp 3044–3049
Moon J-H, Doh T-Y, Chung MJ (1998) A robust approach to iterative learning control design for uncertain systems. Automatica 34:1001–1004
Amann N, Owens DH, Rogers E, Wahl A (1996) An \(H_{\infty }\) approach to iterative learning control design. Int J Adapt Control Signal Process 10:767–781
Park B-H, Kuc TY, Lee JS (1996) Adaptive learning of uncertain robotic systems. Int J Control 65(5):725–744
Choi JY, Lee JS (2000) Adaptive iterative learning control of uncertain robotic systems. Proc Inst Elect Eng D 147:217–223
Kuc TY, Han WG (2000) An adaptive PID learning control of robot manipulators. Automatica 36:717–725
Xu J-X, Viswanathan B (2000) Adaptive robust iterative learning control with dead zone scheme. Automatica 36:91–99
Fu J, Sinha NK (1990) An iterative learning scheme for motion control of robot using neural networks: a case study. J Intell Rob Syst 8:375–398
Kawato M, Furukawa K, Suzuki R (1987) A hierarchical neural network model for control and learning of voluntary movement. Biol Cybern 57:169–185
Moore KL, Dahleh M, Bhattacharyya SP (1989) Artificial neural networks for learning control. Technical Report TCSP Research Report 89–011, Department of Electrical Engineering, Texas AM University, TX, USA, July 1989
Waddoups MA, Moore KL (1992) Neural networks for iterative learning control. In: Proceedings of 1992 American Control Conference, Illinois, USA
Tso SK, Fung YH, Lin NL (1997) Tracking improvement for robot manipulator control using neural network learning. In: Proceedings of the 2nd Asian Control Conference, Seoul, Korea
Choi JY, Park HJ (1997) Neural-based iterative learning control for unknown systems. In: Proceedings of the 2nd Asian Control Conference
Chen PCY, Mills JK, Smith KC (1996) Performance improvement of robot continuous-path operation through iterative learning using neural networks. Mach Learn 23:191–220
Xu JX, Xu J (2000) A new fuzzy logic learning control approach for repetitive trajectory tracking problems. In: Proceedings of the 2001 American Control Conference, Arlington, VA, USA, pp 3878–3883
Olivares M, Albertos P, Sala A (2001) Iterative learning fuzzy control. In: International Conference in Fuzzy Logic and Technology 2001, Leicester, UK, p 486C489
Olivares M, Sala A, Albertos P (2002) Open-loop fuzzy control: iterative learning. In: IFAC Workshop: Advanced Fuzzy/Neural Control AFNC01, Valencia, Spain, p 87C92
Olivares M, Albertos P, Sala A (2002) Iterative learning controller design for multi-variable systems. In: 15th Triennial IFAC World Congress, Barcelona, Spain, p 1C6
Olivares M, Sala A, Albertos P (2003) Feedforward fuzzy control for repetitive tasks. In: ILC International Summer School, Logan, Utah, p 32/32
Chien CJ, Hsu C-T, Yao C-Y (2004) Fuzzy system-based adaptive iterative learning control for nonlinear plants with initial state errors. IEEE Trans Fuzzy Syst 12:724–732
Jang HS, Longman RW (1996) An update on a monotonic learning control law and some fuzzy logic learning gain adjustment techniques. Adv Astronaut Sci 90:301–318
Mousavi P, Ward RK, Fels SS, Sameti M, Lansdorp PM (2004) Feature analysis and centromere segmentation of human chromosome images using an iterative fuzzy algorithm. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 49:363–371
Wang Y-C, Chien C-J, Teng C-C (2004) Direct adaptive iterative learning control of nonlinear systems using an output-recurrent fuzzy neural network. IEEE Trans Syst Man Cybern Part B 34:1348–1359
Pok Y-M, Liew K-H, Xu J-X (1998) Fuzzy PD iterative learning control algorithm for improving tracking accuracy. In: IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, San Diego, CA, October 1998, vol. 2, pp 1603–1608
Norrlöf M (2000) Iterative learning control: analysis, design and experiments. Ph.D. thesis, Department of Electrical Engineering, Linköpings Universitet, Linköping, Sweden, Dissertation No 653
Goh CJ (1994) A frequency domain analysis of learning control. J Dyn Syst Meas Control 116:781–786
Longman RW, Kwon T (2002) Obtaining good transients in iterative learning control using step response data. In: Proceedings of the 2002 AIAA/AAS Astrodynamics Specialist Conference and Exhibit, Monterey, California, USA, August 2002, pp 1–10
Zhang B, Wang D, Ye Y (2005) Wavelet transform based frequency tuning ILC. IEEE Trans Syst Man Cybern Part B 35:107–114
Zhang B, Wang D, Ye Y (2009) Cutoff-frequency phase-in iterative learning control. IEEE Trans Control Syst Technol 17(3):681–687
Moore KL (2001) An observation about monotonic convergence of discrete-time, P-type iterative learning control. In: IEEE Symposium on Intelligent Control, Mexico, pp 45–49
Zhang B, Wang D, Ye Y, Wang Y, Zhou K (2007) Two-mode ILC with pseudo-downsampled learning in high frequency range. Int J Control 80(3):349–362
Zhang B, Wang D, Ye Y, Wang Y, Zhou K (2008) Pseudo-downsampled iterative learning control. Int J Robust Nonlinear Control 18:1072–1088
Zhang B, Wang D, Ye Y, Zhou K, Wang Y (2009) Cyclic pseudo-downsampled iterative learning control for high performance tracking. Control Eng Pract 17:957–965
Zhang B, Wang D, Ye Y, Zhou K, Wang Y (2010) Stability and robustness analysis of cyclic pseudo-downsampled iterative learning control. Int J Control 83:651–659
Arimoto S, Kawamura S, Miyazaki F, Tamaki S (1985) Learning control theory for dynamical systems. In: Proceedings of the 24th Conference on Decision and Control, FL, USA, pp. 1375–1380
Arimoto S (1990) Learning control theory for robotic motion. Int J Adapt Control Signal Process 4:543–564
Chien CJ, Liu JS (1996) A P-type iterative learning controller for robust output tracking of nonlinear time-varying systems. Int J Control 64:319–334
Kinosita K, Sogo T, Adachi N (2002) Iterative learning control using adjoint systems and stable inversion. Asian J Control 4:60–67
Porter B, Mohamed SS (1992) Digital iterative learning control of linear multi-variable plants. Int J Syst Sci 23:1393–1401
Hara S, Yamamoto Y, Omata T, Nakano M (1988) Repetitive control system: a new type servo system for periodic exogenous signals. IEEE Trans Autom Control 33:659–668
Lee H-S, Bien Z (1998) Robustness and convergence of a PD-type iterative learning controller. In: Bien Z, Xu J (eds) Iterative Learning Control: Analysis, Design, Integration and Applications. Kluwer, Boston, pp 39–56
Chen Y, Moore KL (2002) An optimal design of PD-type iterative learning control with monotonic convergence. In: Proceedings of IEEE International Symposium on Intelligent Control, Canada, pp 55–60
Wirkander S-L, Longman RW (1999) Limit cycles for improved performance in self-tuning learning control. Adv Astronaut Sci 102:763–781
Wang D (2000) On D-type and P-type ILC designs and anticipatory approach. Int J Control 73:890–901
Wang Y, Longman RW (1996) Use of non-causal digital signal processing in learning and repetitive control. Adv Astronaut Sci 90:649–668
Wang D, Ye Y (2005) Design and experiments of anticipatory learning control: frequency domain approach. IEEE/ASME Trans Mechatron 10(3):305–313
Arimoto S, Naniwa T, Suzuki H (1990) Robustness of P-type learning control with a forgetting factor for robot motions. In: Proceedings of the 29th Conference on Decision and Control, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA, December 1990, pp 2640–2645
Heinzinger G, Fenwick D, Paden B, Miyazaki F (1992) Stability of learning control with disturbances and uncertain initial conditions. IEEE Trans Autom Control 37:110–114
Bien Z, Huh KM (1989) Higher-order iterative control algorithm. IEE Proc Part D Control Theory Appl 136:105–112
Chen Y, Xun J-X, Lee TH (1996) Current iteration tracking error assisted iterative learning control of uncertain nonlinear discrete-time system. In: Proceedings of the 35th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, Kobe, Japan, December 1996, vol 3, pp 3038–3043
Chen Y-Q, Wen CY, Dou HF (1997) High-order iterative learning control of functional neuromuscular stimulation systems. In: Proceedings of the 36th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, CA, USA, pp 3757–3762
Doh H, Zhou Z, Sun M, Chen Y (1996) Robust high-order P-type iterative learning control for a class of uncertain nonlinear systems. In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on System, Man, and Cybernetics, Beijing, China, vol 2, pp 923–928
Sun M, Chen Y, Dou H (1992) Robust convergence of D-type learning controller. In: Proceedings of the 1992 Conference on Decision and Control, AZ, USA, December 1992
Solcz EJ, Longman RW (1992) Disturbance rejection in repetitive controller. Adv Astronaut Sci 76:2111–2130
Ghosh J, Paden B (1999) Iterative learning control for nonlinear non-minimum phase plants with input disturbance. In: Proceedings of 1999 American Control Conference, San Diego, USA, pp 2584–2589
Lee H-S, Bien Z (1997) A note on convergence property of iterative learning controller with respect to sup norm. Automatica 33(8):1591–1593
Chang C-K, Longman RW, Phan MQ (1992) Techniques for improving transients in learning control systems. Adv Astronaut Sci 76:2035–2052
Huang W, Cai L (2000) New hybrid controller for systems with deterministic uncertainties. IEEE/ASME Trans Mechatron 5:342–348
Huang Y-C, Longman RW (1996) The source of the often observed property of initial convergence followed by divergence in learning and repetitive control. Adv Astronaut Sci 90: 555–572
Moore KL, Chen Y, Bahl V (2002) Feedback controller design to ensure monotonic convergence in discrete-time P-type iterative learning control. In: Proceedings of 4th Asian Control Conference, Singapore
Park K-H, Bien Z (2002) A study on iterative learning control with adjustment of learning interval for monotone convergence in the sense of sup-norm. Asian J Control 4:111–118
Hillenbrand S, Pandit M (2000) An iterative learning controller with reduced sampling rate for plant with variations of initial states. Int J C 73:882–889
Zheng G, Carroll R, Jamshidi M, Kisner R (1991) An adaptive learning control approach. In: Proceedings of the 30th Conference on Decision and Control, Brightom, England, December 1991, pp 1221–1222
Kuc T-Y, Lee JS (1991) An adaptive learning control of uncertain robotic systems. In: Proceedings of the 30th Conference on Decision and Control, Brightom, England, December 1991, pp 1206–1211
Jiang YA, Clements DJ, Hesketch T, Park JS (1994) Adaptive learning control of robot manipulators in task space. In: Proceedings of American Control Conference, MD, USA, pp 207–211
Owens DH, Munde G (1996) Adaptive iterative learning control. In: IEE Colloquium on Adaptive Control (Digest NO:1996/139), pp 6/1-6/4
Sun D, Mills JK (1992) Adaptive learning control of robotic systems with model uncertainties. In: Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, Leuven, Belgium, May 1998, pp 1847–1852
Frueh JA, Phan MQ (2000) Linear quadratic optimal control (LQL). Int J Control 73(10): 832–839
Lee-Glauser G, Juang J-N, Longman RW (1996) Comparison and combination of learning controllers: computational enhancement and experiments. J Guidance Control Dyn 19(5):1116–1123
Phan MQ, Longman RW, Moore KL (2000) Unified formulation of linear iterative learning control. Adv Astronaut Sci 105:93–111
Owens DH (1992) Iterative learning control - convergence using high gain feedback. In: Proceedings of Conference on Decision and Control, Arizona, pp 2515–2546
Lucibello P (1993) On the role of high gain feedback in P-type learning control of robots. In: Proceedings of the 32nd IEEE Cconference on Decision and Control, Texas, USA, pp 2149–2152
Kuc T-Y, Lee JS, Nam K (1992) An iterative learning control theory for a class of nonlinear dynamic systems. Automatica 28:1215–1221
Jang T-J, Chio C-H, Ahn H-S (1995) Iterative learning control in feedback systems. Automatica 31:243–248
Plotnik AM, Longman RW (1999) Subtleties in the use of zero-phase low-pass filtering and cliff filtering in learning control. Adv Astronaut Sci 103:673–692
Ye Y, Wang D (2002) Multi-channel design for ILC with robot experiments. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Control, Automation, Robotics and Vision, Singapore, December 2002, pp 1066–1070
Wang D, Ye Y (2005) Multi-channel learning using anticipatory ILCs. Int J Control 77(13):1189–1199
Elci H, Longman RW, Phan M, Juang J-N, Ugoletti R (1994) Automated learning control through model updating for precision motion control. In: ASME Adaptive Structures and Composite Materials: Analysis and Application, vol AD, vol 45/MD, vol 54, pp 299–314
Hsin YP, Longman RW, Solcz EJ, de Jong J (1997) Experiments bridging learning and repetitive control. Adv Astronaut Sci 95:671–690
Elci H, Phan M, Longman RW, Juang J-N, Ugoletti R (1994) Experiments in the use of learning control for maximum precision robot trajectory tracking. In: Proceedings on Information Science and Systems, NJ, USA, pp 951–958
Longman RW, Wang Y (1996) Phase cancellation learning control using FFT weighted frequency response identification. Adv Astronaut Sci 93:85–101
Ahn H-S, Lee S-H, Kim D-H (1995) Frequency domain design of iterative learning controllers for feedback systems. IEEE Int Symp Ind Electron 1:257–352
Phan M, Longman RW (1988) A mathematical theory of learning control for linear discrete multivariable systems. In: Proceedings of the AIAA/AAS Astrodynamics Conference, pp 740–746
Manabe T, Miyazaki F (1991) Learning control based on local linearization by using DFT. In: Proceeding of the 1991 IEEE/RSJ International Workshop on Intelligent Robots and Systems, Osaka, Japan, pp 639–646
Tang X, Cai L, Huang W (2000) A learning controller for robot manipulators using Fourier series. IEEE Trans Rob Autom 16(1):36–45
Ye Y, Wang D (2005) Zero phase learning control using reversed time input runs. J Dyn Syst Meas Control 127(2):133–139
Elci H, Longman RW, Phan M, Juang J-N, Ugoletti R (1994) Discrete frequency based learning control for precision motion control. In: Proceeding of the 1994 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, San Antonio, Texas, USA, pp 2767–2773
Chen Y, Moore KL (2001) Analytical stability bound for a class of delayed fractional-order dynamic systems. In: Proceedings of the 40th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, Orlando, Florida, USA, pp 1421–1426
Chen Y, Moore KL (2002) Discretization schemes for fractional-order differentiators and integrators. IEEE Trans Circuits Syst-I: Fundam Theory Appl 49:363–367
Chen Y-Q, Moore KL (2001) On \({\rm {D}}^{\alpha }\)-type iterative learning control. In: Proceedings of the 40th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, Orlando, Florida, USA, pp 4451–4456
Lee KH, Bien Z (1991) Initial condition problem of learning control. IEE Proc-D 138:525–528
Saab SS (1994) On the P-type learning control. IEEE Trans Autom Control 39:2298–2302
Ren X, Gao W (1992) On the initial conditions in learning control. In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium on Industry Electronics, Xi’an, China, pp 182–185
Park KH, Bien Z, Hwang DH (1998) Design of an iterative learning controller for a class of linear dynamic systems with time-delay and initial state error. In: Bien Z, Xu J (eds) Iterative Learning Control: Analysis, Design, Integration and Applications. Kluwer, Boston, pp 147–164
Sun M, Wang D (2001) Initial condition issues on iterative learning control for nonlinear systems with time delay. Int J Syst Sci 32:1365–1375
Wang D (1998) Convergence and robustness of discrete time nonlinear systems with iterative learning control. Automatica 34:1445–1448
Fang Y, Soh YC, Feng GG (2002) Convergence analysis of iterative learning control with uncertain initial conditions. In: Proceedings of the 4th World Congress on Intelligent Control and Automation, Shanghai, China, June 2002, pp 960–963
Sun M, Wang D (2002) Iterative learning control with initial rectifying action. Automatica 38:1177–1182
Sun M, Wang D (2003) Initial shift issues on discrete-time iterative learning control with systems relative degree. IEEE Trans Autom Control 48:144–148
Chen Y, Wen C, Xun J-X, Sun M (1996) Initial state learning method for iterative learning control of uncertain time-varying systems. In: Proceedings of the 35th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, Kobe, Japan, December 1996, vol 4, pp 3996–4001
Chen Y, Wen C, Gong Z, Sun M (1999) An iterative learning controller with initial state learning. IEEE Trans Autom Control 44:371–376
Lee H-S, Bien Z (1997) Study on robustness of iterative learning control with non-zero initial error. Int J Control 64:345–359
Park K-H, Bien Z (2000) A generalized iterative learning controller against initial state error. Int J Control 73(10):871–881
Zhang B, Wang D, Ye Y (2004) Cutoff-frequency phase-in method to improve tracking accuracy. In: Proceedings of the 5th Asian Control Conference, Australia, pp 930–935
Zhang B, Wang D, Ye Y (2004) Cutoff-frequency phase-in ILC to overcome initial position offsets. In: Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Control Applications, Taiwan, pp 983–988
Hillenbrand S, Pandit M (1999) A discrete-time iterative learning control law with exponential rate of convergence. In: Proceedings of the 38th Conference on Decision and Control, pp 1575–1580
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2014 Springer Science+Business Media Singapore
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Wang, D., Ye, Y., Zhang, B. (2014). Introduction. In: Practical Iterative Learning Control with Frequency Domain Design and Sampled Data Implementation. Advances in Industrial Control. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-4585-60-6_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-4585-60-6_1
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-4585-59-0
Online ISBN: 978-981-4585-60-6
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)