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Renewable Energy Integration pp 189–208Cite as

Power Management of Low and Medium Voltage Networks with High Density of Renewable Generation

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Part of the book series: Green Energy and Technology ((GREEN))

Abstract

This chapter presents a review of existing control techniques for load-sharing in low and medium voltage networks. The advantages and major drawbacks of each method are described here. An overall comparison is made to find out the best suitable method for the distribution systems of the future. Finally, the limitations of existing methods and future directions for this research are indicated.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Engineering and Information Technology, The University of New South Wales, PO Box 7916, Canberra BC, ACT, 2610, Australia

    M. A. Barik & H. R. Pota

  2. School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia

    J. Ravishankar

Authors
  1. M. A. Barik
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  2. H. R. Pota
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  3. J. Ravishankar
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to M. A. Barik .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Griffith School of Engineering, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia

    Jahangir Hossain

  2. Electrical & Electronics Engineering, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia

    Apel Mahmud

Appendix-I: List of Symbols

Appendix-I: List of Symbols

Symbols

Variable names

s ab

Power flow from node a to b

P ab

Real power flow from node a to b

Q ab

Reactive power flow from node a to b

i ab

Current flow from node a to b

R

Line resistance

X

Line reactance

z

Line impedance

Z

Magnitude of the line impedance

θ

Phase angle of the line impedance

Y

Line admittance

z D

Virtual impedance

v

Terminal voltage/output voltage of a generator

v a

Voltage of node a

v b

Voltage of node b

v r

Reference voltage of a generator

v l

Load voltage

v n

Terminal voltage of the nth generator

v e

Voltage error term

V

Terminal voltage magnitude

V a

Voltage magnitude of node a

V b

Voltage magnitude of node b

V r

Reference value for V

V g

RMS value of terminal voltage

V dc

DC-link voltage

V dr

Direct axis voltage reference

V qr

Quadratic axis voltage reference

V g, nom

Nominal value of RMS voltage

V dc, nom

Nominal value of DC-link voltage

∆V dr

Supplementary control signal for modifying direct axis voltage reference

V′ dr

Modified direct axis voltage reference

δ

Bus angle

δ a

Bus angle of node a

δ b

Bus angle of node b

δ r

Reference value for δ

δ ab

Bus angle difference between nodes a and b

i

Output current of a generator

i r

Reference current

i l

Total load current

i n

Output current of the nth generator

P

Real power injection to the grid

Q

Reactive power injection to the grid

P r

Reference value for P

Q r

Reference value for Q

P′

Modified real power injection to the grid

Q′

Modified reactive power injection to the grid

P dc

DC-link power

P av

Average power

P dc, nom

Nominal value of DC-link power

G r

Rating of generator

W

Weighting factor of the generators

C

Control signal

C LF

Control signal from central controller

C HF

Control signal from local controller

m, k p and k q

Constants

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Barik, M.A., Pota, H.R., Ravishankar, J. (2014). Power Management of Low and Medium Voltage Networks with High Density of Renewable Generation. In: Hossain, J., Mahmud, A. (eds) Renewable Energy Integration. Green Energy and Technology. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-4585-27-9_9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-4585-27-9_9

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore

  • Print ISBN: 978-981-4585-26-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-981-4585-27-9

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