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Relaxation of the Chemical Bond pp 401–426Cite as

Functionalities of Non-Bonding Electrons: Size Emergence

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Part of the book series: Springer Series in Chemical Physics ((CHEMICAL,volume 108))

Abstract

The coupling of the entrapment and the polarization of the non-bonding lone electrons by the densely entrapped core and bonding electrons derives emerging properties that the bulk counterpart does not show. Similar to the lone pairs and dipoles, the polarized lone electrons neither follow the dispersion relationships nor occupy the allowed states in the valence band and below, but they generate the mid-gap impurity states near E F. Polarization happens at sites with even lower atomic CN, which gives rise to the nonzero spin (carrier of topologic insulator), conductor–insulator transition, surface plasmonic enhancement, and the superhydrophobicity, superfluidity, superlubricity, and supersolidity. The dominance of entrapment derives the acceptor-type catalysis, and the dominance of polarization results in donor-type catalyst of metals at the nanoscale. These emerging attributes become more significant when the atomic CN is even lower. UV irradiation, hydrogenation, or contamination may annihilate these features.

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    Chang Q. Sun

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Sun, C.Q. (2014). Functionalities of Non-Bonding Electrons: Size Emergence. In: Relaxation of the Chemical Bond. Springer Series in Chemical Physics, vol 108. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-4585-21-7_20

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